Wadamo badan oo badan ayaa bilaabay inay dejiyaan yoolal istiraatijiyadeed ee tamarta hydrogen, iyo maalgashiyada qaar ayaa u janjeera horumarinta tignoolajiyada hydrogen-ga cagaaran. Midowga Yurub iyo Shiinaha ayaa hogaaminaya horumarkan, iyagoo raadinaya faa'iidooyinka ugu horreeya ee tignoolajiyada iyo kaabayaasha. Dhanka kale, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand iyo Australia ayaa dhamaantood sii daayay xeeladaha tamarta hydrogen waxayna horumariyeen qorshayaal tijaabo ah tan iyo 2017. 2021, EU waxay soo saartay shuruud istaraatiijiyadeed oo loogu talagalay tamarta hydrogen, iyagoo soo jeediyay in la kordhiyo awoodda hawlgalka Wax soo saarka hydrogen ee unugyada electrolytic ilaa 6GW marka la gaaro 2024 adoo ku tiirsan dabaysha iyo tamarta qorraxda, iyo ilaa 40GW 2030, awoodda wax soo saarka hydrogen ee EU in lagu kordhiyo 40GW 40GW dheeraad ah oo ka baxsan Midowga Yurub.
Sida dhammaan tignoolajiyada cusub, hydrogen-ka cagaaran wuxuu ka guurayaa cilmi-baarista aasaasiga ah iyo horumarinta horumarinta warshadaha caadiga ah, taasoo keentay kharashyada cutubka hoose iyo kor u kaca waxtarka naqshadeynta, dhismaha iyo rakibidda. Hydrogen-cagaaran LCOH waxa uu ka kooban yahay saddex qaybood: Qiimaha unugga korantada, qiimaha korontada la cusboonaysiin karo iyo kharashyada kale ee hawlgalka. Guud ahaan, qiimaha unug elektrolytic ah ayaa xisaabiya ilaa 20% ~ 25% hydrogen hydrogen LCOH, iyo saamiga ugu badan ee korontada (70% ~ 75%). Kharashka hawlgalku waa yar yahay, guud ahaan wax ka yar 5%.
Caalami ahaan, qiimaha tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo (gaar ahaan tamarta qorraxda iyo dabaysha) ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay 30kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, iyo qiimaha tamarta la siman yahay (LCOE) hadda wuxuu ku dhow yahay kan tamarta dhuxusha ($30-50 / MWh) , samaynta dib-u-cusboonaysiin karo kharash badan mustaqbalka. Kharashaadka tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo ayaa sii socda inay hoos u dhacaan 10% sannadkii, iyo ku dhawaad 2030 kharashyada tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo waxay gaadhi doonaan ilaa $20/MWh. Kharashyada hawlgalka si weyn looma dhimi karo, laakiin kharashka unugga unugga waa la dhimi karaa waxaana la filayaa qalooca kharashka waxbarashada la mid ah unugyada sida tamarta qorraxda ama dabaysha.
Solar PV waxa la sameeyay 1970-meeyadii qiimaha PV LCoE-yada cadceedda 2010 waxa uu ahaa ku dhawaad $500/MWh. Solar PV LCOE aad ayuu hoos ugu dhacay ilaa 2010 oo hadda waa $30 ilaa $50/MWh. Marka la eego in tignoolajiyada unugyada elektiroonigga ah ay la mid tahay halbeegga warshadaha ee wax soo saarka unugyada cadceedda, laga bilaabo 2020-2030, tignoolajiyada unugyada elektiroonigga ah waxay u badan tahay inay raacdo jihada la midka ah sida unugyada sawir-qaadista qorraxda marka la eego qiimaha cutubka. Isla mar ahaantaana, LCOE ee dabaysha ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacday tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, laakiin qadar yar (qiyaastii 50 boqolkiiba xeebaha iyo 60 boqolkiiba xeebta).
Dalkeenu wuxuu isticmaalaa ilo tamar la cusboonaysiin karo (sida tamarta dabaysha, photovoltaic, hydropower) soosaarka hydrogen ee biyaha korantada, marka qiimaha korantada lagu xakameeyo 0.25 yuan / kWh ka hooseeya, kharashka wax soo saarka hydrogen wuxuu leeyahay waxtar dhaqaale oo qaraabo ah (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Tilmaamayaasha farsamada iyo dhaqaalaha ee electrolysis alkaline iyo PEM electrolysis wax soo saarka hydrogen ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 1.
Habka xisaabinta kharashka ee wax soo saarka hydrogen electrolytic waxa lagu muujiyay isla'egyada (1) iyo (2). LCOE= kharash go'an/(tiro wax soo saarka hydrogen x nolosha) + kharashka hawlgalka (1) Qiimaha hawlgalka = hydrogen soosaarka korontada isticmaalka x qiimaha korontada Tusaale ahaan, ka soo qaad in dhammaan wareegga nolosha ee mashruucyadu ay yihiin 20 sano, nolosha hawlgalkana ay tahay 9×104h. Qiimaha go'an ee unugga korantada ee xirmada, aaladda sifaynta hydrogen, khidmadda agabka, kharashka dhismaha madaniga ah, khidmadda adeegga rakibaadda iyo alaabada kale waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa 0.3 yuan / kWh ee korantada. Isbarbardhigga kharashka waxa lagu muujiyay shaxda 2.
Marka la barbardhigo hababka kale ee wax soo saarka hydrogen, haddii qiimaha korontada ee tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo uu ka hooseeyo 0.25 yuan / kWh, qiimaha hydrogen cagaaran waxaa lagu dhimi karaa ilaa 15 yuan / kg, taas oo bilaabeysa inay yeelato faa'iido kharash. Marka la eego dhexdhexaadnimada kaarboonka, iyada oo la dhimayo kharashka tamarta tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo, horumarinta baaxadda weyn ee mashaariicda wax soo saarka hydrogen, hoos u dhigista isticmaalka tamarta unugyada elektiroonigga ah iyo kharashyada maalgashiga, iyo hagidda canshuurta kaarboonka iyo siyaasadaha kale, wadada dhimista kharashka hydrogen-ga cagaaran si tartiib tartiib ah ayey u caddaan doontaa. Isla mar ahaantaana, sababtoo ah wax soo saarka hydrogen ee ilaha tamarta dhaqameed ayaa lagu qasi doonaa waxyaabo badan oo wasakh ah oo la xidhiidha sida kaarboon, baaruud iyo koloriin, iyo kharashka nadiifinta sare iyo CCUS, kharashka wax soo saarka dhabta ah wuxuu ka badnaan karaa 20 yuan / kg.
Waqtiga boostada: Febraayo-06-2023