1. Horumarinta warshadaha birta waxay kicisaa kobaca baahida caalamiga ah ee electrodes graphite
1.1 hordhac kooban oo ah graphite electrode
graphite electrodewaa nooc ka mid ah maaddooyinka graphite conductive kaas oo adkaysi u leh heerkulka sare.Waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha conductive graphite u adkaysta heerkulka sare, kaas oo la sameeyey by calcining alaabta ceeriin, burburinaya shiidaa budada, Duubista, qaso, samaynta, dubista, impregnating, graphitization iyo farsamaynta farsamada, kaas oo loo yaqaan graphite electrode macmal ah (graphite electrode) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, graphite waa electrode graphite dabiiciga ah oo laga diyaariyey alaabta ceeriin.Electrodes-ka graphite-ku waxa ay samayn karaan koronto, sidaas awgeed waxay dhalaaliyaan qashinka birta ah ama alaabta kale ee cayriin ee foornada qaraxa si ay u soo saaraan birta iyo alaabada kale ee birta ah, inta badan loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka birta.Electrode graphite waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha leh iska caabin hoose iyo iska caabin kulka kulaylka foornada arc.Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka graphite electrode waa wareegga wax soo saarka dheer (sida caadiga ah waarta saddex ilaa shan bilood), isticmaalka awoodda weyn iyo habka wax soo saarka adag.
Alaabta ceeriin ee korka ee silsiladda graphite electrode silsiladda inta badan waa batroolka kookaha iyo coke irbadda, iyo alaabta ceeriin waxay ku xisaabtamaan qayb weyn oo ka mid ah kharashka wax soo saarka ee graphite electrode, xisaabinta in ka badan 65%, sababtoo ah weli waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya. Tignoolajiyada iyo tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka coke ee cirbadda Shiinaha marka la barbar dhigo Maraykanka iyo Japan, tayada coke coke gudaha waa ay adag tahay in la dammaanad qaado, sidaa darteed Shiinuhu wali wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay soo dejinta irbad tayo sare leh.Sannadka 2018, wadarta guud ee sahayda coke-ka irbadda ee Shiinaha waa 418000 tan, soo dejinta coke irbadda ee Shiinaha waxa ay gaareysaa 218000 tan, taas oo ka dhigan in ka badan 50%;Codsiga ugu weyn ee korantada graphite waa farsamaynta foornada korontada ku shaqeysa.
Kala soocida guud ee electrode graphite waxay ku salaysan tahay sifooyinka jireed iyo kiimikaad ee alaabta la dhammeeyey.Marka la eego heerkan kala soocida, graphite electrode waxa loo qaybin karaa koronto caadi ah oo garaaf ah, korantada garaafiga awooda sare iyo korantada garaafiga ah ee aadka u saraysa.Electrodes graphite leh awood kala duwan waxay ku kala duwan yihiin alaabta ceeriin, iska caabin electrode, modules laastikada, xoog dabacsanaan, coefficient of ballaarinta kulaylka, cufnaanta hadda la oggol yahay iyo beeraha codsiga.
1.2.Review of taariikhda horumarinta electrode graphite ee Shiinaha
Electrode graphite waxa inta badan loo isticmaalaa birta iyo birta dhalaalaysa.Horumarinta warshadaha electrode graphite ee Shiinaha asal ahaan waa la jaan qaada habka casriyeynta ee warshadaha birta iyo birta ee Shiinaha.Graphite electrode ee Shiinaha waxa uu bilaabmay 1950-meeyadii, waxana uu soo maray saddex marxaladood tan iyo dhalashadiisa
Suuqa elektiroonigga ah ee graphite ayaa la filayaa inuu dib u rogo sanadka 2021. Qaybta hore ee 2020, oo ay saamaysay xaaladda cudurka faafa, baahida gudaha ayaa aad hoos ugu dhacday, amarada shisheeye oo dib u dhacay, iyo tiro badan oo ilo alaab ah ayaa saameeyay suuqa gudaha.Bishii Febraayo 2020, qiimaha graphite electrode wuxuu kacay muddo gaaban, laakiin wax yar ka dib dagaalka qiimaha ayaa sii kordhay.Waxaa la filayaa in dib u soo kabashada suuqyada gudaha iyo dibadda iyo kobaca foornada korantada ee dhalaalaysa siyaasadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee kaarboonka gudaha, suuqa graphite electrode ayaa la filayaa inuu dib u rogo.Tan iyo 2020, iyadoo qiimaha graphite electrode hoos u dhacay oo u janjeera inuu xasiloon, baahida gudaha ee graphite electrode ee EAF steelmaking ayaa si joogto ah u kordheysa, iyo mugga dhoofinta ee graphite koronto ultra-sare si tartiib tartiib ah u kordheysa, diiradda suuqa ee graphite ee Shiinaha warshadaha korantada ayaa si joogto ah u kordhin doona, iyo warshadaha si tartiib ah u bislaan doonaa.
2. qaabka sahayda iyo dalabka ee graphite electrode ayaa la filayaa inay rogaan
2.1.Isbeddelka qiimaha caalamiga ah ee graphite electrode waa mid aad u weyn
Laga soo bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2016, sababtoo ah daciifinta baahida hoose, suuqa garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ee caalamiga ah ayaa hoos u dhacay, qiimaha graphite electrode ayaa ahaa mid hooseeya.Sida alaabta ugu muhiimsan ee kookaha graphite, qiimaha coke cirbadda ayaa hoos u dhacay $ 562.2 halkii ton ee 2016. Sida Shiinuhu waa soo dejinta saafiga ah ee coke cirbadda, baahida Shiinaha ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh qiimaha coke cirbadda ee ka baxsan Shiinaha.Iyada oo awoodda soosaarayaasha elektiroonigga ah ee garaafyada ay hoos uga dhacayaan khadka qiimaha wax soo saarka ee 2016, alaabada bulshada ayaa gaartay meesha ugu hooseysa.In 2017, dhamaadka siyaasadda baajiyay foornada inta jeer ee dhexdhexaadka ah ee birta Di Tiao, iyo xaddi badan oo birta qashinka qulqulay foornada warshad birta, taas oo keentay in kororka lama filaan ah ee baahida warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha qeybtii labaad ee 2017. Kor u kaca baahida loo qabo graphite electrode ayaa sababtay in qiimaha coke irbadda uu aad sare ugu kaco 2017, wuxuuna gaadhay US $3769.9 per ton 2019, kor u kac 5.7 jeer ah marka loo eego 2016.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dhinaca siyaasadda gudaha ayaa taageerayey oo hagaya habka gaaban ee steelmaking EAF halkii beddelka birta, taas oo kor u qaaday kororka baahida loo qabo graphite electrode ee warshadaha birta ee Shiinaha ee.Tan iyo 2017, suuqa birta EAF ee caalamiga ah ayaa soo kabsaday, taasoo horseeday yaraanta sahayda korantada garaafyada caalamiga ah.Baahida electrodes graphite ee ka baxsan Shiinaha ayaa si aad ah kor ugu kacday 2017 qiimuhuna wuxuu gaadhay heerkii ugu sarreeyay.Tan iyo markaas, sababtoo ah maalgashiga xad-dhaafka ah, wax soo saarka iyo iibsashada, suuqa ayaa leh saamiyo aad u badan, iyo celceliska qiimaha graphite electrode ayaa hoos u dhacay 2019. 2019, qiimaha uhhp graphite electrode wuxuu ahaa mid deggan US $ 8824.0 halkii ton, laakiin waa ayaa weli ka sarreeya qiimihii taariikhiga ahaa ka hor 2016.
Qeybtii hore ee 2020, COVID-19 wuxuu horseeday hoos u dhac dheeri ah oo ku yimid celceliska qiimaha wax lagu iibiyo ee elektiroonigga garaafka, iyo qiimaha kookaha irbadda gudaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 8000 yuan / ton ilaa 4500 yuan / ton dhamaadka Agoosto, ama 43.75% .Qiimaha wax soo saarka ee coke cirbadda ee Shiinaha waa 5000-6000 yuan / ton, iyo inta badan soo saarayaasha ayaa ka hooseeya heerka dheelitirka faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha.Iyada oo dib u soo kabashada dhaqaalaha, wax soo saarka iyo suuq-geynta ee electrodes graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa soo hagaagtay tan iyo Agoosto, heerka bilawga birta foornada korontada ayaa lagu hayaa 65%, xamaasadda dhirta birta si ay u iibsadaan electrodes graphite ayaa kor u kacay, iyo liiska baaritaanka. suuqa dhoofinta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhay.Qiimaha graphite electrode ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay ilaa Sebtembar 2020. Qiimaha graphite electrode ayaa guud ahaan kordhay 500-1500 yuan / ton, iyo qiimaha dhoofinta ayaa si aad ah u kordhay.
Tan iyo 2021, oo ay saameysay xaaladda cudurka faafa ee Gobolka Hebei, inta badan dhirta graphite electrode waa la xiray waxaana si adag loo kontroolo gaadiidka gaadiidka, iyo korantada garaafyada maxalliga ah si caadi ah looma ganacsan karo.Qiimaha alaabta caadiga ah iyo kuwa awoodda sare leh ee suuqa elektiroonigga graphite gudaha waa kor.Qiimaha caadiga ah ee uhp450mm qeexitaanka oo leh 30% kookaha irbadda ee suuqa waa 15-15500 yuan / ton, iyo qiimaha guud ee uhp600mm qeexitaanka waa 185-19500 yuan / ton, laga bilaabo 500-2000 yuan / ton.Qiimaha kor u kaca ee alaabta ceeriin sidoo kale waxay taageertaa qiimaha graphite electrode.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, qiimaha kookaha irbadda ee taxanaha dhuxusha gudaha waa ilaa 7000 yuan, taxanaha saliiduna waa ilaa 7800, qiimaha soo dejinta waa qiyaastii 1500 US dollars.Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Bachuan, qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha caadiga ah ayaa amar ku bixiyay ilaha alaabta bishii Febraayo.Sababtoo ah dayactirka dhexe ee alaab-qeybiyeyaasha waaweyn ee alaabta ceeriin gudaha iyo dibedda Abriil, waxaa la filayaa in 2021 garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ay weli yeelan doonto boos kor u kaca qeybta hore ee sanadka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, korodhka kharashka, dhamaadka dalabka dhalaalka foornada korantada ee hoose waxay noqon doontaa mid daciif ah, iyo qiimaha graphite electrode ee qaybta labaad ee sanadka ayaa la filayaa inuu sii ahaado mid deggan.
2.2.booska kobaca ee tayada sare ee gudaha iyo ultra awood graphite electrode waa weyn
Wax-soo-saarka korantada graphite ee dibedda waa la dhimay, awoodda wax-soo-saarkuna waa inta badan koronto-garaafyada ultrahigh.Laga soo bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2019, wax soo saarka garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ee caalamiga ah (marka laga reebo Shiinaha) ayaa hoos uga dhacay 800000 tan ilaa 710000 tan, iyada oo heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee isku dhafan - 2.4%.Sababtoo ah burburinta dhirta awoodda yar, dib u habeynta deegaanka iyo dib-u-dhiska muddada dheer, awoodda iyo wax-soo-saarka ka baxsan Shiinaha waxay sii wadaan inay hoos u dhacaan, farqiga u dhexeeya wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka waxaa buuxiya electrodes graphite oo ay dhoofiso Shiinaha.Laga soo bilaabo qaab-dhismeedka sheyga, wax-soo-saarka korantada ultra-sare ee garaafyada dibedda waxay xisaabisaa qiyaastii 90% wadarta guud ee dhammaan electrodes graphite (marka laga reebo Shiinaha).Tayada sare iyo tamarta ultra-sare ee graphite electrode waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista birta aan la taaban karin iyo birta gaarka ah.Soo-saaruhu wuxuu u baahan yahay tusmooyin sare oo jireed iyo kiimiko sida cufnaanta, caabbinta iyo waxyaabaha dambaska ah ee electrodes-ka ah.
Wax soo saarka ee electrode graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa sii waday in ay kor u kaca, iyo awoodda wax soo saarka ee tayada sare iyo ultra sare ee electrode graphite waa mid xadidan.Wax soo saarka graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 570000 tan ee 2014 ilaa 500000 tan 2016. Wax soo saarka Shiinaha ayaa dib u soo laabtay tan iyo 2017 oo uu gaadhay 800000 tan 2019. Marka la barbardhigo suuqa elektiroonigga ah ee garaafyada caalamiga ah, soo-saareyaasha gudaha ayaa aad u hooseeya -power graphite electrode awoodda wax soo saarka, laakiin tayada sare iyo ultra-sare graphite, awoodda wax soo saarka gudaha waa mid aad u xaddidan.Sannadka 2019, Shiinaha wax soo saarka graphite-ka tayada sare leh ee tayada sare leh waa 86000 tan oo keliya, taas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 10% wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka, taas oo si weyn uga duwan qaab dhismeedka alaabada garaafyada shisheeye ee elektiroonigga ah.
Marka loo eego baahida loo qabo, isticmaalka qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee adduunka (marka laga reebo Shiinaha) ee 2014-2019 had iyo jeer waa ka weyn yahay wax soo saarka, iyo ka dib 2017, isticmaalka ayaa kordhiya sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.Sannadka 2019, isticmaalka korantada graphite ee adduunka (marka laga reebo Shiinaha) wuxuu ahaa 890000 tan.Laga soo bilaabo 2014 ilaa 2015, isticmaalka elektaroonigga graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 390000 tan ilaa 360000 tan, iyo wax soo saarka qalabka garaafyada tayada sare leh iyo ultra-sare ayaa hoos uga dhacay 23800 tan ilaa 20300 tan.Laga soo bilaabo 2016 ilaa 2017, sababtuna tahay dib u soo kabashada tartiib tartiib ah ee awoodda suuqa birta ee Shiinaha, saamiga EAF steelmaking ayaa sii kordhaya.Dhanka kale, tirada EAF-yada sare ee ay adeegsadaan soosaarayaasha birta ayaa kordha.Baahida loo qabo korantada garaafyada tayada sare leh ee tayada sare leh ayaa kor u kacday ilaa 580000 tan sanadka 2019, kuwaas oo, baahida loo qabo koronto-garaafeedka ultra-sare ee tayada sare leh waxay gaartaa 66300 tan, iyo CAGR ee 2017-2019 waxay gaadhay 68% .Garaafyada elektiroonigga ah (gaar ahaan korantada graphite electrode) ayaa la filayaa inay buuxiso baahida loo qabo ilaalinta deegaanka iyo wax soo saarka xaddidan ee dhamaadka saadka iyo ka-dhaafitaanka birta foornada ee dhamaadka baahida.
3. koritaanka geeddi-socodka gaaban dhalaalidda wadaa horumarinta electrode graphite
3.1.baahida foorno koronto oo cusub si loo kaxeeyo electrode graphite
Warshadaha birta waa mid ka mid ah warshadaha horumarka iyo horumarka bulshada.Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, wax-soo-saarka birta cayriin ee caalamiga ah ayaa sii waday kobac joogto ah.Birta ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa baabuurta, dhismaha, baakadaha iyo warshadaha tareenada, iyo isticmaalka caalamiga ah ee birta ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay si joogto ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, tayada alaabta birta ah ayaa la wanaajiyey, xeerarka ilaalinta deegaanka ayaa sii kordhaya.Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha birta waxay u jeestaan wax soo saarka birta foornada arc, halka korantada graphite ay aad muhiim ugu tahay foornada arc, sidaas awgeed waxay hagaajinaysaa shuruudaha tayada ee electrode graphite.Birta iyo birta dhalaaliddu waa goobta ugu weyn ee laga codsado elektiroonigga graphite, oo lagu xisaabtamayo 80% wadarta isticmaalka elektrodegga garaafka.Dhalinta birta iyo birta, birta foornada korontada ayaa xisaabisa ilaa 50% wadarta guud ee isticmaalka graphite electrode, iyo sifaynta foornada bannaanka waxay ka dhigan tahay in ka badan 25% wadarta guud ee isticmaalka qalabka elektiroonigga ah.Dunida, 2015, boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee wax soo saarka birta ceyriinka ee adduunka waxay ahayd 25.2%, 62.7%, 39.4% iyo 22.9% siday u kala horreeyaan Maraykanka, 27 waddan oo ka tirsan Midowga Yurub iyo Japan, halka 2015. Soosaarka birta qaydhiin ee foornada korontada ee Shiinaha ayaa lagu qiyaasay 5.9%, taas oo aad uga hoosaysa heerka adduunka.Mustaqbalka fog, tignoolajiyada geeddi-socodka gaaban waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin muuqda marka loo eego habka dheer.Warshadaha birta gaarka ah ee leh EAF oo ah qalabka wax soo saarka ugu weyn ayaa la filayaa inay si dhakhso leh u horumariyaan.Khayraadka qashinka ah ee alaabta ceeriin ee birta EAF waxay yeelan doontaa meel weyn oo horumarineed oo mustaqbalka ah.Sidaa darteed, EAF birta-samaynta ayaa la filayaa inay si dhakhso leh u horumarto, taas oo kor u qaadaysa baahida korantada garaafyada.Marka laga eego dhinaca farsamada, EAF waa qalabka asaasiga ah ee habka-gaaban ee birta samaynta.Tiknoolajiyada birta samaynta ee geeddi-socodka gaaban waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin muuqda oo waxtarka wax soo saarka, ilaalinta deegaanka, kharashka maalgashiga dhismaha raasumaalka iyo dabacsanaanta habka;Laga soo bilaabo dhinaca hoose, qiyaastii 70% birta gaarka ah iyo 100% birta daawaha sare ee Shiinaha waxaa soo saara foornada arc.2016, wax soo saarka birta gaarka ah ee Shiinaha waa 1/5 oo kaliya ee Japan, iyo alaabta birta ah ee sare ee gaarka ah ayaa lagu soo saaraa oo keliya Japan Saamiga wadarta guud waa 1/8 oo keliya ee Japan.Horumarinta mustaqbalka ee birta khaaska ah ee sare ee Shiinaha ayaa kaxayn doonta horumarinta electrode graphite ee birta foornada korontada iyo foornada korontada;Sidaa darteed, kaydinta khayraadka birta iyo isticmaalka qashinka ee Shiinaha waxay leeyihiin meel ballaadhan oo horumarineed, iyo saldhigga khayraadka ee samaynta birta muddada gaaban mustaqbalka waa mid xooggan.
Wax soo saarka graphite electrode waxay la socotaa isbeddelka isbeddelka ee wax soo saarka birta foornada korontada.Kordhinta wax soo saarka birta foornada ayaa kaxayn doonta baahida graphite electrode mustaqbalka.Marka loo eego xogta birta iyo birta adduunka iyo Ururka Warshadaha Kaarboon ee Shiinaha, wax soo saarka birta foornada korontada ee Shiinaha sanadka 2019 waa 127.4 milyan oo tan, iyo wax soo saarka elektrodegga graphite waa 7421000 tan.Wax soo saarka iyo heerka kobaca ee electrode graphite ee Shiinaha waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan wax soo saarka iyo heerka koritaanka birta foornada korontada ee Shiinaha.Marka laga eego dhinaca wax soo saarka ee aragtida, wax soo saarka birta foornada korontada ee 2011 waxay gaartay heerkeedii ugu sarreeyay, ka dibna waxay hoos u dhacday sannadba sanadka ka dambeeya, wax soo saarka electrode graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacay sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya 2011. 2016, Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Warfaafinta technology galay ilaa 205 foornooyinka korontada ee shirkadaha birta-samaynta, iyada oo wax soo saarka 45 milyan oo tan, xisaabinta 6.72% ee wax soo saarka birta cayriin qaranka ee sanadkan.2017, 127 cusub ayaa lagu daray, iyada oo wax soo saarkeedu dhan yahay 75 milyan oo tan, taas oo ka dhigan 9.32% wadarta guud ee birta cayriin ee isla sannadkaas;2018, 34 cusub ayaa lagu daray, iyada oo la soo saaray 100 milyan oo tan, taas oo ka dhigan 11% wadarta guud ee birta cayriin ee sanadkan;2019, foornooyinka korontada ee wax ka yar 50t waa la tirtiray, iyo foornooyinka korontada ee cusub ee la dhisay iyo wax soo saarka ee Shiinaha waxay ka badnaayeen 355, oo lagu xisaabtamayo saamiga Waxay gaartay 12.8%.Qaybta birta foornada korontada ee Shiinaha ayaa weli ka hooseysa celceliska caalamiga ah, laakiin farqiga ayaa bilaabmaya inuu si tartiib tartiib ah u soo koobo.Laga soo bilaabo heerka kobaca, wax soo saarka graphite electrode wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddelka isbeddelka iyo hoos u dhaca.Sannadka 2015, hoos u dhaca hoos u dhaca wax soo saarka birta ee foornada korontada ayaa daciifay, wax soo saarka korantada graphite ayaa hoos u dhacaya.Qaybta wax soo saarka birta ee mustaqbalka waxay noqon doontaa mid weyn, taas oo kaxayn doonta booska baahida mustaqbalka ee electrode graphite ee foornada korontada.
Marka loo eego siyaasadda hagaajinta warshadaha birta ee ay soo saartay Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada macluumaadka, waxaa si cad loo soo jeediyay in "dhiirigelinta horumarinta geeddi-socodka biraha samaynta muddada-gaaban iyo codsiga qalabka leh birta qashinka ah sida alaabta ceeriin.Marka la gaaro 2025, saamiga qashinka birta-samaynta ee shirkadaha birta ee Shiinaha waa inuusan ka yarayn 30%.Iyada oo la horumarinayo qorshaha shanta sano ee 14aad ee dhinacyo kala duwan, waxaa la filayaa in saamiga geeddi-socodka gaaban uu sii wanaajin doono baahida korantada graphite, walxaha muhiimka ah ee kor u kaca.
Marka laga reebo Shiinaha oo ah waddamada ugu waaweyn ee soo saara birta adduunka sida Maraykanka, Japan iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed, waxay u badan yihiin samaynta birta foornada korontada ku shaqeysa, taas oo u baahan electrodes badan oo graphite ah, halka awoodda Shiinaha ee graphite electrode ay ka badan tahay 50% adduunka. awoodda, taas oo ka dhigaysa Shiinaha dhoofiyaha saafiga ah ee electrodes graphite.2018, mugga dhoofinta graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa gaadhay 287000 tan, korodhka 21.11% sanadka-sannadka, iyada oo la ilaalinayo isbeddelka koritaanka, iyo koror weyn oo saddex sano ah oo isku xigta.Waxaa la filayaa in mugga dhoofinta ee graphite electrode ee Shiinaha uu kordhin doono ilaa 398000 tan 2023, iyadoo heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee 5.5%.Thanks to horumarinta heerka farsamada ee warshadaha, Shiinaha graphite alaabta electrode ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo aqoonsaday iyo aqbalay by macaamiisha dibadda, iyo dakhliga iibka dibadda ee shirkadaha electrode graphite Chinese ayaa si weyn u kordhay.Qaadashada hormuudka warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha tusaale ahaan, iyadoo guud ahaan horumarinta warshadaha graphite electrode, ay sabab u tahay tartanka wax soo saarka xad xoog leh, Fangda carbon ayaa si weyn u kordhay dakhliga dibadda ee ganacsiga electrode graphite labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Iibka dibedda wuxuu ka kacay 430 milyan yuan muddada hoose ee warshadaha garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ee 2016 ilaa 2018, dakhliga dibedda ee ganacsiga elektiroonigga ah ayaa ka badan 30% dakhliga guud ee shirkadda, iyo heerka caalamiga ah ayaa sii kordhayay. .Iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee heerka farsamada iyo tartanka wax soo saarka ee warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha, electrode graphite ee Shiinaha ayaa la aqoonsan doonaa oo lagu kalsoonaan karo by macaamiisha dibadda.Mugga dhoofinta ee graphite electrode ayaa la filayaa in uu kordho, taas oo noqon doonta qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee kor loogu qaadayo dheef-shiid kiimikaadka graphite electrode ee Shiinaha.
3.2.Saamaynta siyaasadda ilaalinta deegaanka ee xaaladda faafa waxay keentaa sahayda graphite electrode inay noqoto mid adag
Sii daynta kaarboon ee habka dheer ee habka gaaban ee birta samaynta foornada korontada waa la dhimay.Sida ku cad qorshaha shanta sano ee 13-aad ee warshadaha birta qashinka, marka la barbar dhigo samaynta birta birta, sii daynta 1.6 tan oo carbon dioxide iyo 3 tan oo qashinka adag ah waa la dhimi karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo 1 tan oo birta qashinka ah.Nidaamyo taxane ah ayaa ku lug leh warshadaha birta iyo birta.Nidaam kastaa wuxuu mari doonaa is-beddel kiimiko iyo jireed oo taxane ah.Isla mar ahaantaana, noocyada kala duwan ee haraaga iyo qashinka ayaa la soo dayn doonaa inta alaabta loo baahan yahay la soo saarayo.Iyadoo la xisaabinayo, waxaan ogaan karnaa in marka wax soo saarka isku midka ah ee 1 ton slab / billet, geeddi-socodka dheer ee ka kooban habka sintering uu sii daayo wasakh badan, taas oo ah tan labaad ee geeddi-socodka dheer ee habka pellet, halka wasakhaha lagu sii daayo by steel-gaaban. aad bay uga hooseeyaan kuwa geeddi-socod dheer oo leh geeddi-socod-socod iyo geeddi-socod dheer oo ka kooban pellet, taas oo muujinaysa in geeddi-socodka muddada-gaaban ee birta-samaynta ay aad ugu saaxiibtinimo badan tahay deegaanka.Si loo guulaysto dagaalka difaaca cirka buluuga ah, gobolo badan oo Shiinaha ah ayaa soo saaray ogaysiiska wax-soo-saarka ugu sarreeya ee jiilaalka iyo gu'ga, waxayna sameeyeen qabanqaabada wax-soo-saarka ee shirkadaha muhiimka ah ee gaaska la xiriira sida birta, kuwa aan macdanta lahayn, coking, warshadaha kiimikada, dhismaha agabka iyo tuurista.Waxaa ka mid ah, haddii isticmaalka tamarta, ilaalinta deegaanka iyo badbaadada kaarboonka iyo shirkadaha ferroalloy ee ay ka kooban tahay graphite electrode ay ku guuldareystaan inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha la xiriira, gobollada qaar ayaa si cad u soo jeediyay in xaddidaadda wax soo saarka ama joojinta wax soo saarka la fulin doono iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladda dhabta ah.
3.3.saadka iyo qaabka dalabka ee electrode graphite ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah isu beddelaya
Novel coronavirus pneumonia oo ay sababtay hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah iyo qaar ka mid ah saamaynta ilaalinta qaybta hore ee 2020, waxay samaysay graphite electrode labadaba baahida suuqa gudaha iyo dibadda iyo qiimaha iibka ayaa hoos u dhacay, iyo shirkadaha graphite electrode ee warshadaha ayaa yareeyay wax soo saarka, joojiyay wax soo saarka iyo khasaaray.Muddada gaaban iyo kuwa dhexe, marka lagu daro rajada Shiinaha si loo hagaajiyo baahida loo qabo electrode graphite, awoodda korantada graphite ee dibedda waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu xaddido saameynta faafitaanka, taas oo sii xumeyn doonta xaaladda qaabka sahayda ciriiriga ah ee graphite. electrode.
Ilaa rubuci afraad ee 2020, agabka korantada garaafyada ayaa si isdaba joog ah hoos ugu dhacayay, heerka bilawga ganacsiguna wuu kordhay.Tan iyo 2019, guud ahaan sahayda graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa xad dhaaf ah, iyo shirkadaha korantada garaafyada ayaa sidoo kale si wax ku ool ah u xakameynaya bilowga.In kasta oo hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah ee 2020, saamaynta birta shisheeye ee uu saameeyay COVID-19 guud ahaan waa socdaa, laakiin wax soo saarka birta ceeriin ee Shiinaha ayaa weli ah koritaanka deggan.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha suuqa graphite electrode waxaa saameeya sahayda suuqa in ka badan, iyo qiimaha sii wadaan in hoos u dhac, iyo shirkadaha graphite electrode waxaa soo gaaray khasaare weyn.Qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha waaweyn ee garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ee Shiinaha ayaa si weyn u cunay agabka bilaha Abriil iyo Maajo 2020. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, saadka iyo baahida suuqa sare iyo suuqa weyn waxay ku dhow yihiin barta dheelitirka saadka iyo baahida.Xataa haddii baahidu is beddesho, maalinta sahayda iyo baahida aad u daran ayaa dhawaan iman doonta.
Kobaca degdega ah ee isticmaalka qashinka ayaa kor u qaadaya baahida.Isticmaalka birta qashinka ah ayaa kordhay min 88.29 milyan tan sanadkii 2014 ilaa 18781 milyan oo tan sanadka 2018, CAGR-na waxa ay gaartay 20.8%.Iyada oo la furayo siyaasadda qaranka ee soo dejinta birta qashinka ah iyo korodhka saamiga foornada korontada ku dhalata, waxaa la filayaa in isticmaalka birta qashinka ah ay si degdeg ah u korodho.Dhanka kale, sababtoo ah qiimaha birta qashinka ah waxaa inta badan saameeya baahida dibadda, qiimaha qashinka dibadda ayaa si weyn kor ugu kacay qeybtii labaad ee 2020 sababtoo ah saameynta bilawga Shiinaha ee soo dejinta qashinka.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, qiimaha birta qashinka ah ayaa heer sare ah, waxayna bilowday inay dib u soo noqoto tan iyo 2021. Hoos u dhaca baahida ay sababtay saameynta xaaladaha faafa ee dibadda ayaa la filayaa inay sii socoto inay saameyn ku yeelato hoos u dhaca birta qashinka.Waxaa la filayaa in qiimaha birta qashinka ah ay sii wadi doonto inay saameyn ku yeelato qeybta hore ee 2021 Lattice wuxuu noqon doonaa mid rogrogmi doona oo hoos u dhacaya, kaas oo sidoo kale ku habboon hagaajinta heerka bilowga foornada iyo baahida loo yaqaan 'graphite electrode'.
Baahida guud ee birta foornada korontada ee caalamiga ah iyo birta aan foornada ahayn ee 2019 iyo 2020 waa 1376800 tan iyo 14723 milyan oo tan siday u kala horreeyaan.Waxaa la saadaaliyay in baahida guud ee caalamiga ah ay sii kordhi doonto shanta sano ee soo socota, oo ay gaarto 2.1444 milyan tan sanadka 2025. Baahida birta foornada korontada ayaa xisaabisa inta badan wadarta guud.Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in baahidu ay gaari doonto 1.8995 milyan tan sanadka 2025.
Baahida caalamiga ah ee electrodes garaafyada 2019 iyo 2020 waa 1376800 tan iyo 14723 milyan oo tan siday u kala horreeyaan.Waxaa la saadaaliyay in baahida guud ee caalamiga ah ay sii kordhi doonto shanta sano ee soo socota, waxaana la filayaa in ay gaarto 2.1444 million ton 2025. Dhanka kale, 2021 iyo 2022, sahayda caalamiga ah ee electrodes graphite waxay ka badan tahay 267 iyo 16000 tons siday u kala horreeyaan.Wixii ka dambeeya 2023, waxaa jiri doona gabaabsi, farqiga u dhexeeya -17900 tan, 39000 tan iyo -24000 tan.
2019 iyo 2020, baahida caalamiga ah ee UHP graphite electrodes waa 9087000 tan iyo 986400 ton siday u kala horreeyaan.Waxaa la saadaaliyay in baahida guud ee caalamiga ah ay sii kordhi doonto shanta sano ee soo socota, oo ay gaarto ilaa 1.608 milyan oo tan sanadka 2025. Dhanka kale, 2021 iyo 2022, sahayda caalamiga ah ee electrodes graphite waxay ka badan tahay 775 iyo 61500 tons siday u kala horreeyaan.Wixii ka dambeeya 2023, waxaa jiri doona gabaabsi, farqiga u dhexeeya -08000 tan, 26300 tan iyo -67300 tan.
Laga soo bilaabo qeybtii labaad ee 2020 ilaa Janaayo 2021, qiimaha caalamiga ah ee ultra-high-power graphite electrode ayaa hoos uga dhacay 27000/ t ilaa 24000/ T. waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in madaxa ganacsiga uu wali samayn karo faa'iido 1922-2067 yuan / ton qiimaha hadda jira.2021, baahida caalamiga ah ee ultra-power ultra-power graphite electrodes ayaa sii kordhin doonta, gaar ahaan kuleylka dhoofinta ayaa la filayaa inuu sii wado inuu jiido baahida graphite-ka awoodda sare leh, iyo heerka bilowga korantada garaafyada ayaa sii wadi doona inuu kordho.Waxaa la filayaa in qiimaha UHP graphite electrode ee 2021 in la kordhiyo ilaa 26000 / t qeybtii labaad ee sanadka iyo faa'iidada waxaa la kordhin doonaa ilaa 3922-4067 yuan / ton.Iyada oo korodhka joogtada ah ee wadarta guud ee baahida loo qabo ultra-high power graphite electrodes mustaqbalka, booska faa'iidada waa la kordhin doonaa.
Laga soo bilaabo Janaayo 2021, qiimaha caalamiga ah ee korantada garaafiga ee caadiga ah waa 11500-12500 yuan / ton.Marka loo eego qiimaha hadda iyo qiimaha suuqa, faa'iidada electrode graphite caadiga ah waxaa lagu qiyaasaa -264-1404 yuan / ton, kaas oo weli ku jira xaalad khasaare ah.Qiimaha hadda ee graphite electrode oo leh awood caadi ah ayaa ka kacay 10000 yuan / ton rubuci saddexaad ee 2020 ilaa 12500 yuan / T. iyadoo dib u soo kabashada tartiib tartiib ah ee dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, gaar ahaan hoos siyaasadda dhexdhexaadinta carbon, baahida loo qabo birta foornada si degdeg ah kordhay, iyo isticmaalka birta qashinka ah ayaa sii kordhaya, iyo baahida loo qabo elektiroonigga graphite caadiga ah ayaa sidoo kale aad u kici doona.Waxaa la filayaa in qiimaha graphite electrode ee leh awoodda caadiga ah lagu kordhin doono kharashka ka sarreeya rubuci saddexaad ee 2021, faa'iidadana waa la xaqiijin doonaa.Iyada oo baahida caalamiga ah ee electrodes graphite ee awoodda guud si joogto ah u kordho mustaqbalka, booska faa'iidada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u ballaarin doonta.
4. hannaankii tartanka ee warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha
Meesha dhexe ee warshadaha graphite electrode waa warshadeeyayaasha graphite electrode, oo leh shirkado gaar ah oo ka qaybqaatayaal ah.Wax-soo-saarka graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa qiyaastii 50% ka ah wax-soo-saarka electrodes-ga caalamiga ah.Sida shirkad keentay in warshadaha graphite electrode China ee, share suuqa ee electrode graphite carbon labajibbaaran ee Shiinaha waa in ka badan 20%, iyo awoodda electrode graphite waa saddexaad ee dunida.Marka la eego tayada wax soo saarka, shirkadaha madaxa ee warshadaha graphite electrode ee Shiinaha waxay leeyihiin tartan caalami ah oo xoog leh, iyo sifooyinka farsamada ee alaabta asal ahaan waxay gaaraan heerka alaabta la midka ah ee tartamayaasha shisheeye.Waxaa jira delamination suuqa graphite electrode.Suuqa ultra-high-power graphite electrode waxaa inta badan haysta shirkadaha ugu sarreeya warshadaha, afarta shirkadood ee ugu sarreeyana waxay xisaabiyaan in ka badan 80% saamiga suuqa ee UHP graphite electrode suuqa, iyo diiradda warshaduhu waa mid yar. cad.
Suuqa elektiroonigga ah ee ultra-sareya, shirkadaha waaweyn ee garaafyada elektiroonigga ah ee ku yaal bartamaha dhexe waxay leeyihiin awood gorgortan adag warshadaha samaynta birta ee hoose, waxayna u baahan yihiin macaamiisha hoose inay bixiyaan si ay u keenaan alaab iyagoon bixin waqti xisaabeed.Awood sare iyo korantada garaafyada caadiga ah waxay leeyihiin heer farsamo oo aad u hooseeya, tartan suuqa oo adag iyo tartan qiimo caan ah.Suuqa elektiroonigga ah ee awoodda-sare iyo awoodda caadiga ah, oo wajahaysa warshadaha-samaynta birta oo leh diiradda sare ee hoos-u-socodka, shirkadaha yar-yar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah waxay leeyihiin awood gorgortan daciif ah xagga hoose, si ay macaamiisha u siiyaan muddada xisaabta ama xitaa in la dhimo qiimaha si loogu tartamo suuqa.Intaa waxaa dheer, qodobbada adkeynaya ilaalinta deegaanka awgeed, awoodda ganacsiyada dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa aad u xaddidan, iyo guud ahaan heerka ka faa'iidaysiga awoodda warshadaha ayaa ka yar 70%.Shirkadaha qaarkood waxay xitaa u muuqdaan ifafaale lagu amray inay joojiyaan wax soo saarka ilaa aan xad lahayn.Haddii barwaaqada warshadaha dhalaalidda ee birta, fosfooraska jaalaha ah iyo alaabta ceeriin ee kale ee warshadaha ee hoos u dhacda korantada graphite ay hoos u dhacdo, baahida suuqa elektiroonigga ah ayaa xaddidan, iyo qiimaha korantada graphite uusan si weyn kor ugu kicin, kororka kharashka hawlgalka ayaa horseedi doona. si ay u badbaadaan ganacsiyada yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah iyada oo aan lahayn tartanka asaasiga ah, oo si tartiib tartiib ah uga baxa suuqa ama ay helaan shirkado waaweyn oo graphite ah ama shirkado bir ah.
Ka dib 2017, iyadoo korodhka degdega ah ee faa'iidada ku jirta foornada korantada ee steelmaking, baahida iyo qiimaha graphite electrode ee foornada korantada ee alaabta wax lagu sameeyo ayaa sidoo kale si degdeg ah u kordhay.Faa'iidada guud ee warshadaha graphite electrode ayaa aad u kordhay.Shirkadaha warshadaha ayaa balaariyay miisaankooda wax soo saar.Qaar ka mid ah ganacsiyada suuqa ka baxay ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo hawlgeliyay.Laga soo bilaabo wax soo saarka guud ee electrode graphite, xoojinta warshadaha ayaa hoos u dhacay.Qaadashada kaarboon square keentay ee electrode graphite tusaale ahaan, ay saamiga guud ee suuqa ayaa hoos u dhacay ilaa 30% ee 2016 ilaa 25% ee 2018. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida soocidda gaarka ah ee alaabta electrode graphite, tartanka suuqa warshadaha ayaa la kala soocay.Sababtoo ah shuruudaha farsamada sare ee ultra-high-power graphite electrode, saamiga suuqa ee wax soo saarka ultra-sare ayaa sii wanaajiyay iyada oo la sii daayo awoodda wax soo saarka ee shirkadaha waaweyn ee warshadaha leh awood farsamo oo u dhiganta, iyo afarta shirkadood ee ugu sarreeya ayaa xisaabiya. in ka badan 80% saamiga suuqa ee alaabada tamarta aadka u saraysa.Marka la eego awoodda caadiga ah iyo korontada sare ee graphite electrode leh shuruudaha farsamada hooseeya, tartanka suuqa ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loo xoojiyaa sababtoo ah dib-u-soo-celinta shirkadaha yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee leh awoodda farsamada daciifka ah iyo ballaarinta wax soo saarka.
Tobanaan sano oo horumarineed ka dib, iyada oo loo marayo hordhaca tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka graphite electrode, shirkadaha waaweyn ee graphite electrode ee Shiinaha ayaa bartay tignoolajiyada udub-dhexaadka ah ee wax soo saarka graphite electrode.Tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka iyo heerka tignoolajiyada ee elektiroonigga graphite waxay la mid tahay tan tartamayaasha dibedda, iyo faa'iidooyinka waxqabadka qiimaha sare leh, shirkadaha elektiroonigga ah ee Shiinaha ee graphite ayaa sii kordhaya door muhiim ah oo ka ciyaara tartanka suuqa caalamiga ah.
5. talooyinka maalgashiga
Dhamaadka sahayda, fiirsashada ee warshadaha electrode graphite weli waxay leedahay meel lagu hagaajiyo, ilaalinta deegaanka iyo xadka wax soo saarka kordhiyaa saamiga steelmaking foornada korontada, iyo horumarinta guud ee warshadaha electrode graphite waa wanaagsan.Dhanka baahida, si loo hagaajiyo wax soo saarka iyo yaraynta isticmaalka tamarta, mustaqbalka 100-150 tan UHP EAF waa jihada horumarinta guud, iyo horumarinta UHP EAF waa isbeddelka guud.Iyada oo ah mid ka mid ah agabka ugu muhiimsan ee UHP EAF, baahida ultra-high-power graphite electrode ayaa la filayaa inay sii korodho.
Barwaaqada warshadaha graphite electrode ayaa hoos u dhacday labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Waxqabadka shirkadaha graphite electrode ee hormuudka ka ah gudaha ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacay 2020. Guud ahaan warshadaha ayaa ku jira heerka rajada hoose iyo qiimaha hoose.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan aaminsanahay in la hagaajinta ee dhinacyada aasaasiga ah ee warshadaha iyo soo celinta tartiib tartiib ah ee qiimaha graphite electrode si heer macquul ah, waxqabadka shirkadaha hormuudka ah ee warshadaha si buuxda uga faa'iidaysan doonaa dib u soo celinta hoose ee graphite ah. suuqa electrode.Mustaqbalka, Shiinuhu wuxuu leeyahay meel ballaadhan oo loogu talagalay horumarinta geeddi-socodka-gaaban ee birta-gaaban, kaas oo ka faa'iideysan doona horumarinta korantada graphite ee habka gaaban ee EAF.Waxaa la soo jeediyay in shirkadaha hormuudka ka ah berrinkii graphite electrode waa in diiradda la saaro.
6. talooyin khatar ah
Saamiga warshadaha birta foornada korontada ee Shiinaha ma aha sidii la filayay, iyo qiimaha alaabta ceeriin ee electrode graphite si weyn u kala beddesho.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-13-2021