Siliconikristaro yeatomu, ine maatomu akabatana kune rimwe nerimwe nemabhondi akabatana, achigadzira chimiro chetiweki. In ichi chimiro, covalent zvisungo pakati maatomu zvikuru directional uye ane yakakwirira chisungo simba, izvo zvinoita nesilicon kuratidza yakakwirira kuomarara kana kuramba zvokunze simba kushandura chimiro chayo. Semuyenzaniso, zvinotora simba guru rekunze kuti riparadze chakasimba covalent bond kubatana pakati maatomu.
Nekudaro, imhaka chaiyo nekuda kweiyo yakajairwa uye yakaomesesa zvimiro zveatomu kristaro kuti kana yaiswa pasi pesimba rakakura rekuita kana simba rekunze risina kuenzana, latisi iri mukati.siliconzvakaoma kuvharidzira uye kuparadzira simba rekunze kuburikidza nekushandura kwemunharaunda, asi kuchaita kuti covalent zvisungo zvityoke pamwe nedzimwe ndege dzisina simba dzekristaro kana nzira dzekristaro, izvo zvichaita kuti chimiro chekristaro chese chityoke uye chiratidze brittle maitiro. Kusiyana nezvimiro zvakaita semakristasi esimbi, pane zvisungo zveionic pakati pemaatomu esimbi anogona kutsvedza zvishoma, uye anogona kuvimba nekutsvedza pakati peatomu akaturikidzana kuti aenderane nemasimba ekunze, achiratidza zvakanaka ductility uye zvisiri nyore kutyora brittle.
Siliconmaatomu akabatanidzwa necovalent bonds. Hwaro hwezvisungo zvecovalent ndiko kudyidzana kwakasimba kunoumbwa neakagovaniswa maerekitironi maviri pakati peatomu. Kunyange zvazvo chisungo ichi chinogona kuvimbisa kugadzikana uye kuoma kwesilicon crystalchimiro, zvinonetsa kuti covalent chisungo chidzoke kana chaputswa. Kana simba rinoshandiswa nenyika yekunze richidarika muganhu wekuti covalent chisungo chinogona kumira, chisungo chinodambuka, uye nokuti hapana zvinhu zvakadai semaerekitironi anofamba akasununguka akafanana mumasimbi kuti abatsire kugadzirisa kuputsika, kugadzirisa zvakare kubatana, kana vanovimba delocalization maerekitironi kuti kuparadzira kushushikana, zviri nyore kutsemuka uye havagoni kuchengeta yose kuperera kuburikidza kwayo womukati kugadzirisa, zvichiita nesilicon kuti brittle chaizvo.
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, silicon zvinhu zvinowanzoomera kuve zvakachena zvachose, uye zvichange zvine kumwe kusvibiswa uye kuremara kwereti. Iko kusanganiswa kwemaatomu ekusachena kunogona kukanganisa iyo yekutanga yakajairwa silicon lattice chimiro, zvichikonzera shanduko mune yemuno makemikari bond simba uye bonding modhi pakati peatomu, zvichikonzera nzvimbo dzisina kusimba muchimiro. Lattice defects (senge vacancies uye dislocations) ichavawo nzvimbo uko kushushikana kwakanyanya.
Kana mauto ekunze aita, nzvimbo idzi dzisina simba uye nzvimbo dzekushushikana dzinonyanya kukonzera kutyorwa kwezvisungo zvecovalent, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvesilicon zvitange kubva munzvimbo idzi, zvichiwedzera kubhuroka kwayo. Kunyangwe kana pakutanga yaivimba nezvisungo zvecovalent pakati pemaatomu kuti ivake chimiro chine kuomarara kwepamusoro, zvakaoma kudzivirira kuputsika kwebrittle pasi pekukanganisa kwemasimba ekunze.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2024