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Isu tinoshuma inoshamisa photovoltaic effect muYBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) ceramic pakati pe50 ne300 K yakakonzerwa neblue-laser illumination, iyo yakanangana neiyo superconductivity yeYBCO uye YBCO-metallic electrode interface. Iko kune polarity reversal kune yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc uye pfupi dunhu ikozvino Isc apo YBCO inopinda shanduko kubva kune superconducting kuenda kune resistive state. Isu tinoratidza kuti kune simba remagetsi mukati meiyo superconductor-yakajairika simbi interface, iyo inopa simba rekuparadzanisa kwemifananidzo-induced electron-hole pairs. Iyi interface inogoneka inotungamira kubva kuYBCO kuenda kune simbi electrode kana YBCO iri superconducting uye inochinja kuenda kune yakapesana kana YBCO isingaite. Mabviro ezvinogoneka anogona kunge ari nyore kushamwaridzana nekuita kwepedyo pasimbi-superconductor interface kana YBCO iri superconducting uye kukosha kwayo kunofungidzirwa kuve ~ 10–8 mV pa50 K ine laser intensity ye502 mW/cm2. Kusanganiswa kwep-mhando zvinhu YBCO panguva yakajairika ine n-mhando zvinhu Ag-paste inoumba quasi-pn junction iyo inokonzeresa maitiro ephotovoltaic eYBCO ceramics pakupisa kwakanyanya. Zvatinowana zvinogona kuvhura nzira yezvishandiso zvitsva zvephoton-electronic madivayiri uye kujekesa imwe mwenje pane yepedyo mhedzisiro pane superconductor-simbi interface.
Photo-induced voltage in high tembiricha superconductors yakashumwa mukutanga kwema1990 uye yakaongororwa zvakanyanya kubva ipapo, asi chimiro chayo uye magadzirirwo ayo anoramba asina kugadzikana1,2,3,4,5. YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) mafirimu matete6,7,8, kunyanya, akadzidzwa zvakanyanya muchimiro che photovoltaic (PV) cell nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwayo simba gap9,10,11,12,13. Nekudaro, kupikisa kwakanyanya kweiyo substrate kunogara kuchitungamira kune yakaderera kutendeuka kwechishandiso uye masks ekutanga PV zvimiro zveYBCO8. Pano tinoshuma inoshamisa photovoltaic effect yakakonzerwa neblue-laser (λ = 450 nm) kuvhenekera muYBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) ceramic pakati pe50 ne300 K (Tc ~ 90 K). Isu tinoratidza kuti iyo PV mhedzisiro yakanangana neiyo superconductivity yeYBCO uye chimiro cheYBCO-metallic electrode interface. Iko kune polarity reversal kune yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc uye pfupi dunhu ikozvino Isc apo YBCO inopinda shanduko kubva kune superconducting chikamu kuenda kune inopikisa mamiriro. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kune simba remagetsi mhiri kwesuperconductor-yakajairika simbi interface, iyo inopa kupatsanurwa kweiyo photo-induced electron-hole pairs. Iyi interface inogona inotungamira kubva kuYBCO kuenda kune simbi electrode kana YBCO iri superconducting uye inochinja kuenda kune yakatarisana kana sampuro ikaita isiri-perconducting. Mabviro ezvinogoneka angangove akabatana nemaitiro epedyo14,15,16,17 pasimbi-superconductor interface apo YBCO iri superconducting uye kukosha kwayo kunofungidzirwa kuva ~10−8 mV pa50 K ine laser intensity ye502 mW. /cm2. Kusanganiswa kwep-mhando zvinhu YBCO payakajairwa mamiriro ane n-mhando zvinhu Ag-namira mafomu, kazhinji, quasi-pn junction iyo inokonzeresa maitiro ePV eYBCO ceramics pakupisa kwakanyanya. Zvatinoona zvinopa rumwe ruzivo nezve kwakabva PV mhedzisiro mukupisa kwakanyanya superconducting YBCO ceramics uye gadzira nzira yekushandisa kwayo mumidziyo yeoptoelectronic senge fast passive light detector nezvimwe.
Mufananidzo 1a-c unoratidza kuti IV maitiro eYBCO ceramic sample pa 50 K. Pasina kuvhenekera kwechiedza, voltage pamuenzaniso inoramba iri zero nekuchinja ikozvino, sezvinogona kutarisirwa kubva kune superconducting material. Zviri pachena kuti photovoltaic effect inoratidzika apo laser beam inotungamirirwa kune cathode (Fig. 1a): IV curves inofananidzwa neI-axis inofamba ichidzika nekuwedzera laser intensity. Zviripachena kuti pane negative photo-induced voltage even without any current (inowanzonzi open circuit voltage Voc). Iyo zero inotsvedza yeIV curve inoratidza kuti sampuli ichiri superconducting pasi pekuvhenekerwa kwelaser.
(a–c) uye 300 K (e–g). Mitemo yeV(I) yakawanikwa nekutsvaira ikozvino kubva -10 mA kusvika +10 mA muvacuum. Chikamu chete che data yekuedza chinoratidzwa nekuda kwekujekesa. a, Current-voltage maitiro eYBCO akayerwa nelaser spot yakaiswa pane cathode (i). Ese ma IV macurves akachinjika mitsara yakatwasuka inoratidza kuti sampuli ichiri superconducting ine laser irradiation. Iyo curve inofamba ichidzika nekuwedzera laser intensity, zvichiratidza kuti kune mukana wakashata (Voc) pakati pemavhiri maviri anotungamira kunyangwe ne zero ikozvino. Iwo ma IV curves anoramba asina kuchinjika kana laser inotungamirwa pakati pemuenzaniso paether 50 K (b) kana 300 K (f). Mutsetse wakachinjika unokwira apo anode inovhenekerwa (c). A schematic modhi yesimbi-superconductor junction pa50 K inoratidzwa mu d. Ikozvino-voltage maitiro eyakajairwa mamiriro YBCO pa300 K akayerwa nelaser beam yakanongedza pacathode uye anode inopihwa mue uye g zvakateerana. Kusiyana nemigumisiro pa50 K, kwete-zero mutsetse wemitsara yakatwasuka inoratidza kuti YBCO iri mumamiriro ezvinhu; kukosha kweVoc kunosiyana nekusimba kwechiedza kune rimwe divi, zvichiratidza imwe nzira yekuparadzanisa yekuchaja. Chimiro chinogoneka chechimiro pa300 K chinoratidzwa muhj Mufananidzo chaiwo wemuenzaniso une mitungamiriri.
Oxygen-rich YBCO in superconducting state inokwanisa kutora chinenge chizere chechiedza chezuva nekuda kwegepo rayo diki resimba (Eg)9,10, nokudaro richigadzira maelectron-hole pairs (e–h). Kugadzira yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc nekutorwa kwemafotoni, zvinodikanwa kupatsanura nzvimbo-yakagadzirwa eh mapeya kusati kwaitikazve18. The negative Voc, maererano cathode uye anode sezvinoratidzwa Fig. 1i, rinoratidza kuti pane magetsi zvinogona mhiri simbi-superconductor interface, izvo anotsvaira maerekitironi kuti anode uye maburi kuti cathode. Kana zviri izvo, panofanirawo kuve nekunongedza kubva kune superconductor kuenda kune simbi electrode pane anode. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yakanaka Voc yaizowanikwa kana iyo sampuli nzvimbo padyo neanode yakavhenekerwa. Uyezve, hapafanirwe kunge paine mafoto-induced voltages kana laser spot inongedzerwa kunzvimbo dziri kure nemaelectrodes. Ndizvo zvazviri sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva mufananidzo 1b, c!.
Apo chiedza chechiedza chinofamba kubva kune cathode electrode kusvika pakati pemuenzaniso (inenge 1.25 mm kunze kwenzvimbo), hapana kuchinja kwe IV curves uye hapana Voc inogona kuonekwa nekuwedzera kwelaser intensity kusvika pakukosha kukuru kunowanikwa (Fig. 1b) . Nomuzvarirwo, mhedzisiro iyi inogona kuverengerwa kuhupenyu hushoma hwemafoto-induced vatakuri uye kushomeka kwesimba rekuparadzanisa mumuenzaniso. Electron-hole pairs inogona kugadzirwa pese painovhenekerwa sample, asi mazhinji ee-h paya achatsakatiswa uye hapana photovoltaic effect inocherechedzwa kana laser spot ikawira munzvimbo dziri kure nechero maelectrode. Kufambisa laser spot kune anode electrodes, IV curves parallel kune I-axis inokwira kumusoro nekuwedzera laser intensity (Fig. 1c). Yakafanana yakavakirwa-mukati nzvimbo yemagetsi iripo musimbi-superconductor junction pane anode. Nekudaro, iyo metallic electrode inobatanidza kune yakanaka inotungamira yebvunzo system ino nguva. Makomba anogadzirwa nelaser anosundirwa kune anode lead uye nekudaro iyo yakanaka Voc inocherechedzwa. Mhedzisiro yakapihwa pano inopa humbowo hwakasimba hwekuti kune chokwadi chinogoneka chinonongedza kubva kune superconductor kune simbi electrode.
Photovoltaic effect muYBa2Cu3O6.96 ceramics pa 300 K inoratidzwa muFig. 1e–g. Pasina kuvhenekerwa kwechiedza, IV curve yemuenzaniso mutsara wakatwasuka unoyambuka kwakabva. Uyu mutsara wakatwasuka unokwira uchienda kumusoro uchienderana neyekutanga nekuwedzera laser intensity irradiating at the cathode lead (Fig. 1e). Kune maviri ekudzikamisa zviitiko zvekufarira kune photovoltaic mudziyo. Mhedziso yenguva pfupi inoitika kana V = 0. Ikozvino munyaya iyi inonzi inonzi short circuit current (Isc). Yechipiri yekumisa kesi ndeye yakavhurika-yedunhu mamiriro (Voc) inoitika kana R→∞ kana yazvino iri zero. Mufananidzo 1e unoratidza zvakajeka kuti Voc yakanaka uye inowedzera nekuwedzera kwechiedza chechiedza, kusiyana nemugumisiro wakawanikwa pa50 K; nepo Isc isina kunaka ichicherechedzwa kuwedzera muhukuru nekuvhenekerwa kwechiedza, maitiro akajairika emaseru ezuva.
Saizvozvowo, apo laser beam inotaridzirwa kune nzvimbo dziri kure ne electrodes, V (I) curve yakasununguka kubva kune laser intensity uye hapana photovoltaic effect yakaonekwa (Fig. 1f). Kufanana nechiyero pa50 K, IV curves inofamba ichienda kune imwe nzira sezvo anode electrode iri irradiated (Fig. 1g). Zvese izvi mhedzisiro zvakawanikwa yeiyi YBCO-Ag paste system pa300 K ine laser yakavhenekerwa panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesample inopindirana neinterface inogona kutarisana neinocherechedzwa pa50 K.
Mazhinji maerekitironi anodonhera muCooper pairs mune superconducting YBCO pazasi kwayo shanduko tembiricha Tc. Paanenge ari musimbi electrode, maerekitironi ose anoramba ari muumwe chimiro. Pane hombe density gradient zvose mumwe maerekitironi uye Cooper peya ari pedyo simbi-superconductor interface. Vazhinji-mutakuri mumwe maerekitironi mune esimbi zvinhu zvichaita diffuse kupinda superconductor nharaunda, nepo ruzhinji-mutakuri Cooper-vaviri muYBCO nharaunda achapararira kupinda simbi nharaunda. Sezvo Cooper pairs kutakura mhosva dzakawanda uye kuva hombe kufamba kupfuura mumwe maerekitironi diffuse kubva YBCO kupinda esimbi nharaunda, zvakanaka chaji maatomu anosara shure, zvichiita kuti yemagetsi munda munzvimbo kuchaja nharaunda. Nhungamiro yendima iyi yemagetsi inoratidzwa mumufananidzo we schematic Fig. 1d. Chiitiko chekuvhenekera kwefotoni padhuze nenzvimbo yekuchaja inogona kugadzira eh mapeya anozopatsanurwa uye nekutsvairwa kunze achigadzira photocurrent iri reverse-bias direction. Maerekitironi paanongobuda muchikamu chemagetsi anovaka, anokonyedzwa kuita maviri uye anoyerera achienda kune rimwe electrode pasina kuramba. Muchiitiko ichi, Voc inopesana ne-pre-set polarity uye inoratidza kukosha kusina kunaka apo laser beam inonongedza kunharaunda yakatenderedza electrode yakaipa. Kubva pakukosha kweVoc, iyo inogona kuyambuka iyo interface inogona kufungidzirwa: chinhambwe chiri pakati pemagetsi maviri anotungamira d is ~ 5 × 10−3 m, ukobvu hwesimbi-superconductor interface, di, inofanira kunge yakafanana kurongeka kwehukuru. sekureba kwekubatana kweYBCO superconductor (~ 1 nm)19,20, tora kukosha kweVoc = 0.03 mV, iyo inogona kuve Vms pametal-superconductor interface inoongororwa kuve ~ 10−11 V pa50 K ine laser intensity. ye502 mW/cm2, uchishandisa equation,
Tinoda kusimbisa pano kuti foto-induced voltage haigone kutsanangurwa nephoto thermal effect. Yakave yakaedzwa nekuedza kuti iyo Seebeck coefficient ye-superconductor YBCO is Ss = 021. Iyo Seebeck coefficient yemhangura inotungamira waya iri munharaunda ye SCu = 0.34-1.15 μV / K3. Kupisa kwetambo yemhangura panzvimbo yelaser kunogona kusimudzwa nediki 0.06 K ine yakanyanya laser intensity inowanikwa pa 50 K. Izvi zvinogona kuburitsa thermoelectric inokwanisa ye6.9 × 10−8 V iyo inoraira matatu magnitude idiki pane. iyo Voc inowanikwa muFig 1 (a). Zviripachena kuti thermoelectric effect idiki zvakanyanya kutsanangura mhedzisiro yekuyedza. Muchokwadi, kusiyanisa kwetembiricha nekuda kwelaser irradiation kwaizonyangarika mukati meminiti imwe chete kuitira kuti mupiro unobva mukupisa ugone kufuratirwa zvakachengeteka.
Iyi photovoltaic effect yeYBCO pakupisa kwekamuri inoratidza kuti imwe nzira yekuparadzanisa yechaji inobatanidzwa pano. Superconducting YBCO in normal state is a p-type material ine maburi as charge carrier22,23, ukuwo metallic Ag-paste ine hunhu hwen-mhando zvinhu. Zvakafanana ne pn junctions, kupararira kwemaerekitironi mune sirivheri paste uye maburi muYBCO zvedongo zvichaumba mukati memagetsi munda unonongedza kuYBCO zvedongo pachiso (Fig. 1h). Ndiyo iyi munda wemukati inopa simba rekuparadzanisa uye inotungamirira kuVoc yakanaka uye yakaipa Isc yeYBCO-Ag paste system pakupisa kwekamuri, sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 1e. Neimwe nzira, Ag-YBCO inogona kuumba p-type Schottky junction iyo inotungamira kune inogoneka yekutarisa ine polarity yakafanana neiyo modhi yakaratidzwa pamusoro24.
Kuti uongorore zvakadzama kushanduka kwemaitiro e photovoltaic properties panguva yekushandura kwepamusoro kweYBCO, IV curves yemuenzaniso pa80 K yakayerwa neakasarudzwa laser intensities inovhenekera pa cathode electrode (Fig. 2). Pasina laser irradiation, iyo voltage pamusoro pemuenzaniso inoramba iri zero pasinei nezvino, zvichiratidza superconducting mamiriro emuenzaniso pa80 K (Fig. 2a). Zvakafanana nedata rakawanikwa pa50 K, IV curves parallel kune I-axis inofamba ichidzika nekuwedzera laser intensity kusvika yakakosha kukosha Pc yasvika. Pamusoro peiyi yakakosha laser intensity (Pc), iyo superconductor inopinda shanduko kubva kune superconducting chikamu kusvika kune inopikisa chikamu; iyo voltage inotanga kuwedzera nezvino nekuda kwekuonekwa kwekupikisa mu superconductor. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo IV curve inotanga kupindirana neI-axis uye V-axis inotungamira kune yakaipa Voc uye yakanaka Isc pakutanga. Iye zvino sampu inoratidzika kunge iri mune yakakosha mamiriro umo iyo polarity yeVoc neIsc inonyanya kunzwisiswa nekusimba kwechiedza; nekuwedzera kuduku kwechiedza chechiedza Isc inoshandurwa kubva kune yakanaka kusvika kune yakaipa uye Voc kubva kune yakaipa kune yakakosha kukosha, ichipfuura mavambo (yakakwirira senitivity ye photovoltaic properties, kunyanya kukosha kweIsc, kujekesa kujekesa kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka muFig. 2b). Pamusoro pepamusoro laser intensity iripo, iwo IV macurves anotarisira kuenderana, zvichireva mamiriro akajairwa eiyo YBCO sampuro.
Laser spot center yakamira yakatenderedza cathode electrodes (ona Fig. 1i). a, IV macurves eYBCO akarumwa neraser intensity akasiyana. b (pamusoro), Laser kusimba kutsamira kweakavhurika redunhu voltage Voc uye pfupi dunhu ikozvino Isc. Isc maitiro haagone kuwanikwa pakadzika mwenje intensity ( <110 mW/cm2) nekuti IV curves inofanana neI-axis apo sampu iri mu superconducting state. b (pasi), kusiyanisa kuramba sebasa resimba relaser.
Laser intensity dependence yeVoc neIsc pa80 K inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2b (kumusoro). Iyo photovoltaic properties inogona kukurukurwa munzvimbo nhatu dzekusimba kwechiedza. Nharaunda yekutanga iri pakati pe0 nePc, umo YBCO iri superconducting, Voc haina kunaka uye inoderera (absolute value inowedzera) nehukuru hwechiedza uye inosvika zvishoma paPc. Nzvimbo yechipiri inobva kuPc kuenda kune imwe yakakosha zvikuru P0, umo Voc inowedzera apo Isc inoderera nekuwedzera kwechiedza uye zvose zvinosvika zero paP0. Nharaunda yechitatu iri pamusoro peP0 kusvika yasvika mamiriro eYBCO. Kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri Voc neIsc zvichisiyana nekusimba kwechiedza nenzira imwechete seyemudunhu 2, ivo vane polarity yakatarisana pamusoro peiyo yakakosha kusimba P0. Kukosha kweP0 kuri pakuti hapana photovoltaic mhedzisiro uye yekuchaja yekuparadzanisa nzira inochinja zvinehunhu panguva ino chaiyo. Sampu yeYBCO inova isiri-superconducting mumhando iyi yekusimba kwechiedza asi iyo yakajairwa iyo isati yasvikwa.
Zviripachena, iyo photovoltaic maitiro eiyo system yakabatana zvakanyanya neiyo superconductivity yeYBCO uye yayo superconducting shanduko. Kusiyana kwekupikisa, dV / dI, yeYBCO inoratidzwa muFig. 2b (pasi) sekushanda kwesimba re laser. Sezvambotaurwa, iyo yekuvaka-mumagetsi inogona mune iyo interface nekuda kweCooper pair diffusion mapoinzi kubva kune superconductor kune simbi. Zvakafanana neyakaonekwa pa50 K, photovoltaic effect inowedzerwa nekuwedzera laser intensity kubva ku0 kusvika kuPc. Kana iyo laser intensity inosvika pakukosha zvishoma pamusoro pePc, iyo IV curve inotanga kutenderera uye kushorwa kwemuenzaniso kunotanga kuoneka, asi iyo polarity yekugona kweiyo interface haisati yashandurwa. Mhedzisiro yekunakidzwa kwemaziso pane iyo superconductivity yakaongororwa munzvimbo inooneka kana pedyo-IR. Nepo iyo yakakosha maitiro ndeyekupwanya maCooper pairs uye kuparadza iyo superconductivity25,26, mune dzimwe nguva superconductivity shanduko inogona kukwidziridzwa27,28,29, mitsva mitsva ye superconductivity inogona kunyange induced30. Iko kusavapo kweiyo superconductivity paPc inogona kuverengerwa kune iyo foto-induced pair kutyoka. Panzvimbo P0, iyo inogona kuyambuka iyo interface inova zero, zvichiratidza kuwanda kwechaji mumativi ese eiyo interface inosvika padanho rakafanana pasi peiyi kusimba kwekupenya kwechiedza. Kuwedzera kuwedzera kwelaser intensity kunoguma mune mamwe maCooper pairs kuparadzwa uye YBCO inoshandurwa zvishoma nezvishoma ichidzokera kune p-mhando zvinhu. Panzvimbo pe electron uye Cooper pair diffusion, chimiro chechimiro chave chakatemwa neerekitironi negomba diffusion iyo inotungamira kune polarity reversal yendima yemagetsi mune chinongedzo uye nokudaro yakanaka Voc (enzanisa Fig.1d, h). Pakunyanya kusimba kwelaser, kupikisa kwekusiyanisa kweYBCO kunozara kune kukosha kunoenderana neyakajairwa mamiriro uye zvese Voc neIsc zvinowanzosiyana mutsara nelaser intensity (Fig. 2b). Kucherekedza uku kunoratidza kuti laser irradiation pane yakajairwa mamiriro YBCO haichachinje resistivity yayo uye chimiro cheiyo superconductor-metal interface asi inongowedzera kusungirirwa kweelectron-hole pairs.
Kuti uongorore kushanda kwekushisa pane photovoltaic properties, iyo metal-superconductor system yakasvibiswa pa cathode ne blue laser ye intensity 502 mW / cm2. IV curves inowanikwa pamatembiricha akasarudzwa pakati pe50 ne300 K anopiwa muFig. 3a. Iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc, pfupi yedunhu ikozvino Isc uye kusiyanisa kupikisa kunogona kuwanikwa kubva kune idzi IV curves uye inoratidzwa muFig. 3b. Pasina kuvhenekerwa kwechiedza, ese ma IV macurves akayerwa patembiricha dzakasiyana anopfuura mabviro sezvaitarisirwa (inset yeFig. 3a). Iwo IV maitiro anochinja zvakanyanya nekuwedzera tembiricha kana sisitimu ichivhenekerwa neakasimba laser beam (502 mW/cm2). Pakudziya kwakadzikama IV macurves mitsetse yakatwasuka inofambirana neiyo I-axis ine negative values dzeVoc. Iyi curve inofamba ichienda kumusoro nekuwedzera tembiricha uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoshanduka kuita mutsetse une nonzero mutserendende pane yakakosha tembiricha Tcp (Fig. 3a (kumusoro)). Zvinoita sekuti ese IV maitiro macurves anotenderera akapoteredza poindi yechitatu quadrant. Voc inowedzera kubva pahukoshi husina kunaka kuenda kune yakanaka ukuwo Isc ichidzika kubva payakanaka kuenda payakaipa. Pamusoro peiyo yekutanga superconducting shanduko tembiricha Tc yeYBCO, iyo IV curve inoshanduka pane zvakasiyana netembiricha (pasi peFig. 3a). Chekutanga, nzvimbo yekutenderera yeIV curves inoenda kune yekutanga quadrant. Chechipiri, Voc inoramba ichidzikira uye Isc ichiwedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha (pamusoro peFig. 3b). Chechitatu, kutsetseka kwe IV curves kunowedzera mutsara nekushisa kunokonzera kunaka kwekushisa kwehutano hwekudzivirira kweYBCO (pasi peFig. 3b).
Kutsamira kwetembiricha yephotovoltaic maitiro eYBCO-Ag paste system pasi pe502 mW/cm2 laser illumination.
Laser spot center yakamira yakatenderedza cathode electrodes (ona Fig. 1i). a, IV macurves anowanikwa kubva pa50 kusvika 90 K (pamusoro) uye kubva pa100 kusvika ku300 K (pasi) ane tembiricha inowedzera ye5 K uye 20 K, zvichiteerana. Inset a inoratidza IV maitiro pane akati wandei tembiricha murima. Macurves ese anoyambuka kwaakabva. b, rakavhurika redunhu voltage Voc uye pfupi dunhu ikozvino Isc (kumusoro) uye kusiyanisa kuramba, dV/dI, yeYBCO (pasi) sebasa rekushisa. Iyo zero inopikisa superconducting shanduko yekushisa Tcp haina kupihwa nekuti iri padyo neTc0.
Zvitatu zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuMufananidzo 3b: Tcp, pamusoro peiyo YBCO inova isiri-superconducting; Tc0, apo zvese Voc neIsc zvinova zero uye Tc, yekutanga yekutanga superconducting shanduko yekushisa yeYBCO isina laser irradiation. Pazasi peTcp ~ 55 K, iyo laser irradiated YBCO iri mu superconducting state ine yakanyanya kukwirisa yeCooper pairs. Mhedzisiro yelaser irradiation ndeyekudzikisa zero resistance superconducting transition temperature kubva 89 K kusvika ~ 55 K (pasi peFig. 3b) nekuderedza Cooper pair concentration pamwe nekubudisa photovoltaic voltage uye ikozvino. Kuwedzera tembiricha zvakare inoputsa maCooper pairs inotungamira kune yakaderera mukana mune interface. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kukosha kwakakwana kweVoc kuchave kudiki, kunyangwe kusimba kwakafanana kwekuvhenekera kwelaser kuchiiswa. Iyo interface inogona kuve idiki uye idiki nekuwedzera kuwedzera kwekushisa uye inosvika zero paTc0. Iko hakuna photovoltaic mhedzisiro panguva ino yakakosha nekuti hapana yemukati ndima yekuparadzanisa mafoto-induced electron-hole pairs. Kudzoserwa kwe polarity kwezvinogoneka kunoitika pamusoro peiyi tembiricha yakaoma sezvo density yemahara yekuchaja muAg paste yakakura pane iri muYBCO inodzoserwa zvishoma nezvishoma ichidzokera kune p-type zvinhu. Pano tinoda kusimbisa kuti polarity reversal yeVoc neIsc inoitika pakarepo mushure me zero resistance superconducting transition, pasinei nechikonzero chekuchinja. Izvi zvinoratidzira zvakajeka, kwekutanga, kuwirirana pakati pe superconductivity uye photovoltaic zvinokonzerwa nesimbi-superconductor interface inogona. Hunhu hwekugona uku pane iyo superconductor-yakajairika simbi interface yanga iri yekutsvagisa kwemakumi akati wandei emakore apfuura asi paine mibvunzo yakawanda ichiri kumirira kupindurwa. Kuyera kweiyo photovoltaic effect inogona kuratidza kuva nzira inoshanda yekuongorora tsanangudzo (yakadai sesimba rayo uye polarity etc.) yeiyi yakakosha inogona uye nokudaro inojekesa kupisa kwepamusoro superconducting proximity effect.
Kuwedzera kuwedzera tembiricha kubva kuTc0 kuenda kuTc kunotungamira kune kudiki kusungwa kweCooper pairs uye kukwidziridzwa mukugoneka kweiyo interface uye nekudaro yakakura Voc. PaTc iyo Cooper pair concentration inova zero uye iyo yekuvaka-mukati inogoneka pane iyo interface inosvika pakakwirira, zvichikonzera yakanyanya Voc uye shoma Isc. Kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kweVoc neIsc (kukosha kwakakwana) munharaunda iyi yekushisa inopindirana nekuchinja kwepamusoro-soro kunowedzerwa kubva kuΔT ~ 3 K kusvika ~ 34 K ne laser irradiation of intensity 502 mW / cm2 (Fig. 3b). Munzvimbo dzakajairika pamusoro peTc, iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc inoderera nekupisa (kumusoro kweFig. 3b), yakafanana neiyo mutsara maitiro eVoc kune akajairwa solar masero akavakirwa pn junctions31,32,33. Kunyangwe shanduko yeVoc ine tembiricha (−dVoc/dT), inotsamira zvakanyanya pakusimba kwelaser, idiki zvakanyanya pane iya yemazuva ese esolar maseru, tembiricha yeVoc yeYBCO-Ag junction ine kurongeka kwakafanana kwehukuru ihwohwo. yemasero ezuva. Iko kuvuza ikozvino kwepn junction yeyakajairwa solar cell mudziyo inowedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha, zvichikonzera kudzikira kweVoc sezvo tembiricha inowedzera. Iwo mutsara IV macurves akacherechedzwa kune iyi Ag-superconductor system, nekuda kwekutanga diki diki interface inogoneka uye chechipiri kuseri-kumashure kubatana kwemaheterojunctions maviri, zvinoita kuti zviome kuona iyo leakage ikozvino. Zvakangodaro, zvinogoneka zvakanyanya kuti iyo yakafanana tembiricha yekutsamira yekuvuza ikozvino inokonzeresa maitiro eVoc akaonekwa mukuyedza kwedu. Zvinoenderana netsanangudzo, Isc ndiyo yazvino inodiwa kugadzira voltage isina kunaka kubhadharira Voc kuitira kuti magetsi ese ave zero. Sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, Voc inova diki zvekuti shoma ikozvino inodiwa kugadzira iyo yakaipa voltage. Uyezve, kushorwa kweYBCO kunowedzera mutsara nekushisa pamusoro peTc (pasi peFig. 3b), iyo inobatsirawo kune zviduku zvakakwana kukosha kweIsc pakupisa kwepamusoro.
Ziva kuti mibairo yakapihwa muFig 2,3 inowanikwa nelaser irradiating panzvimbo yakatenderedza cathode electrodes. Zviyero zvakadzokororwa zvakare nelaser spot yakaiswa pane anode uye yakafanana IV maitiro uye photovoltaic zvimiro zvakaonekwa kunze kwekuti polarity yeVoc neIsc yakadzoserwa mune iyi kesi. Zvose izvi data zvinotungamirira kune imwe nzira ye photovoltaic effect, iyo yakanyatsobatana ne-superconductor-metal interface.
Muchidimbu, iwo IV maitiro elaser irradiated superconducting YBCO-Ag paste system akayerwa semabasa ekushisa uye laser intensity. Inoshamisa photovoltaic effect yakaonekwa muhutano hwekushisa kubva ku50 kusvika ku300 K. Inowanikwa kuti photovoltaic properties inobatanidza zvakasimba kune superconductivity yeYBCO ceramics. Kudzoserwa kwepolar kweVoc neIsc kunoitika pakarepo mushure meiyo foto-induced superconducting kune isiri-superconducting shanduko. Kutsamira kwetembiricha yeVoc neIsc yakayerwa payakagadziriswa laser intensity inoratidza zvakare yakasarudzika polarity kudzoserwa pane yakakosha tembiricha pamusoro apa iyo sampu inova inopikisa. Nekutsvaga nzvimbo yelaser kune chikamu chakasiyana chemuenzaniso, tinoratidza kuti kune simba remagetsi pane iyo interface, iyo inopa simba rekuparadzanisa kune mapikicha-induced electron-hole pairs. Iyi interface inogona inotungamira kubva kuYBCO kuenda kune simbi electrode kana YBCO iri superconducting uye inochinja kuenda kune yakatarisana kana sampuro ikaita isiri-perconducting. Mabviro ezvingabvira angave akabatana nemaitiro ekuswedera pasimbi-superconductor interface apo YBCO iri superconducting uye inofungidzirwa kuva ~ 10−8 mV pa50 K ine laser intensity ye502 mW/cm2. Kubata kwep-mhando zvinhu YBCO panguva yakajairika ine n-mhando zvinhu Ag-paste inoumba quasi-pn junction iyo inokonzeresa maitiro ephotovoltaic eYBCO ceramics pakupisa kwakanyanya. Zvaonekwa pamusoro apa zvinopa chiedza paPV mhedzisiro mukupisa kwepamusoro superconducting YBCO ceramics uye kuvhura nzira kune mitsva yekushandisa mune optoelectronic zvishandiso senge fast passive light detector uye single photon detector.
The photovoltaic effect experiments yakaitwa paYBCO ceramic sample ye 0.52 mm ukobvu uye 8.64 × 2.26 mm2 rectangular chimiro uye yakavhenekerwa neinoenderera mberi wave blue-laser (λ = 450 nm) ine laser spot size ye1.25 mm muradius. Kushandisa yakawanda pane kuonda firimu sampuli kunoita kuti tikwanise kudzidza photovoltaic zvimiro zve superconductor pasina kutarisana nekuoma kwakaoma kwe substrate6,7. Zvakare, iyo yakawanda zvinhu inogona kuve yakanakira nzira yayo iri nyore yekugadzirira uye nemutengo wakaderera. Waya dzemhangura dzinotungamira dzakabatanidzwa pamuenzaniso weYBCO nesirivheri paste ichigadzira mana emagetsi edenderedzwa anenge 1 mm mudhayamita. Nhambwe iri pakati pemagetsi maviri emagetsi inosvika 5 mm. IV maitiro emuenzaniso akayerwa uchishandisa vibration sample magnetometer (VersaLab, Quantum Dhizaini) ine quartz crystal hwindo. Standard four-waya nzira yakashandiswa kuwana IV macurves. Nzvimbo dzema electrode uye laser spot inoratidzwa muFig. 1i.
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Iri basa rakatsigirwa neNational Natural Science Foundation yeChina (Grant No. 60571063), iyo Fundamental Research Projects yeHenan Province, China (Grant No. 122300410231).
FY yakanyora zvinyorwa zvebepa uye MYH yakagadzira YBCO ceramic sample. FY neMYH vakaita ongororo uye vakaongorora zvabuda. FGC yakatungamira chirongwa uye kududzira kwesainzi kweiyo data. Vese vanyori vakaongorora manyoro.
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Yang, F., Han, M. & Chang, F. Mavambo e photovoltaic effect mu superconducting YBa2Cu3O6.96 ceramics. Sci Rep 5, 11504 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11504
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