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Muviri uye makemikari activation nzira
Physical and chemical activation method inoreva nzira yekugadzirira porous zvinhu nekubatanidza nzira mbiri dziri pamusoro apa. Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwemakemikari kunoitwa kutanga, uye ipapo kushandiswa kwemuviri kunoitwa. Chekutanga nyudza cellulose mu68%~85% H3PO4 solution pa85℃ kwe2h, wozoisa carbonized muchoto chemuffle for 4h, wozoibatisa neCO2. Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yeiyo activated kabhoni yakawanikwa yaive yakakwirira se3700m2 · g-1. Edza kushandisa sisal faibha sembishi zvinhu, uye activated the activated carbon fiber (ACF) yakawanikwa neH3PO4 activation kamwe, yaipisa kusvika 830 ℃ pasi peN2 dziviriro, uye yakazoshandisa mvura mhute se activator yechipiri activation. Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yeACF yakawanikwa mushure me60min yekushandiswa yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya.
Hunhu hwe pore chimiro kuita kwe activatedkabhoni
Inowanzo shandiswa activated carbon performance characterization nzira uye nzira dzekushandisa dzinoratidzwa muTable 2. Mamiriro ekugadzirisa pore ezvinyorwa anogona kuongororwa kubva kumativi maviri: kuongorora deta uye kuongorora mufananidzo.
Kufambira mberi kwekutsvagisa kwepore chimiro optimization tekinoroji yeiyo activated kabhoni
Kunyangwe activated kabhoni ine hupfumi pores uye yakakura chaiyo nzvimbo, ine mashandiro akanaka muminda yakawanda. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupamhi hwekusarudzika kwezvinhu uye yakaoma mamiriro ekugadzirira, zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa kazhinji zvine zvazvakaipira zvechaotic pore chimiro, nzvimbo yakasiyana yakasarudzika, kugoverwa kwehukuru hwepore, uye kushomeka kwemakemikari epamusoro. Naizvozvo, pane zvipingamupinyi zvakaita seyero yakakura uye yakamanikana kuchinjika mukuita kwekushandisa, iyo isingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pamusika. Naizvozvo, zvine kukosha kukuru kukwenenzvera uye kudzora chimiro uye kuvandudza mashandisiro ayo akazara mashandisiro. Nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa pore chimiro zvinosanganisira makemikari mutemo, polymer kusanganisa, uye catalytic activation regulation.
Chemical regulation tekinoroji
Chemical regulation tekinoroji inoreva maitiro echipiri activation (kugadziridzwa) kwe porous zvinhu zvakawanikwa mushure me activation nemakemikari reagents, kunyura mapores epakutanga, kuwedzera ma micropores, kana kuenderera mberi nekugadzira ma micropores ekuwedzera chaiwo nzvimbo uye pore chimiro chechinhu. Kazhinji kutaura, chigadzirwa chakapedzwa cheimwe activation chinowanzo kunyudzwa mu 0.5 ~ 4 nguva dzemakemikari mhinduro kugadzirisa pore chimiro uye kuwedzera chaiyo nzvimbo. Mhando dzese dzeasidhi uye alkali mhinduro dzinogona kushandiswa semareagents echipiri activation.
Acid pamusoro oxidation shanduko tekinoroji
Acid surface oxidation modification inowanzoshandiswa mitemo nzira. Pane tembiricha yakakodzera, acid oxidants inogona kupfumisa pores mukati yakashongedzwa kabhoni, kuvandudza saizi yayo yepore, uye dredge yakavharika pores. Parizvino, kutsvagisa kwemumba nekune dzimwe nyika kunonyanya kutarisisa pakugadziriswa kweinorganic acids. HN03 ioxidant inowanzoshandiswa, uye nyanzvi zhinji dzinoshandisa HN03 kugadzirisa kabhoni yakabatidzwa. Tong Li et al. [28] akawana kuti HN03 inogona kuwedzera zvinyorwa zveokisijeni-ine uye nitrogen-ine mapoka anoshanda pamusoro peiyo activated carbon uye inovandudza adsorption effect ye mercury.
Kugadzirisa activated kabhoni neHN03, mushure mekugadziriswa, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yeiyo activated kabhoni yakadzikira kubva 652m2 g-1 kusvika 241m2 g-1, avhareji pore saizi yakawedzera kubva 1.27nm kusvika 1.641nm, uye adsorption kugona kwebenzophenone peturu yakafananidzwa yakawedzera ne33.7%. Kugadzirisa huni yakabatidzwa kabhoni ine 10% uye 70% vhoriyamu yehuwandu hweHN03, zvichiteerana. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti iyo chaiyo nzvimbo ye activated kabhoni yakagadziridzwa ne10% HN03 yakawedzera kubva 925.45m2 · g-1 kusvika 960.52m2 · g-1; mushure mekugadzirisa ne 70% HN03, nzvimbo chaiyo yakaderera kusvika 935.89m2 · g-1. Iwo mareti ekubvisa eCu2 + neakabatidzwa kabhoni akagadziridzwa aine maviri epakati eHN03 aive pamusoro pe70% uye 90% zvichiteerana.
Kune activated kabhoni inoshandiswa mumunda weadsorption, iyo adsorption mhedzisiro inotsamira kwete chete pane pore chimiro asiwo nepamusoro pemakemikari zvimiro zveiyo adsorbent. Iyo pore chimiro inotaridza iyo chaiyo nzvimbo uye adsorption kugona kweiyo activated kabhoni, nepo epamusoro kemikari zvimiro zvinokanganisa kudyidzana pakati peyakagadzirwa kabhoni uye adsorbate. Pakupedzisira zvakazoonekwa kuti kugadziridzwa kweasidhi kweiyo activated kabhoni haingogadzirise chimiro chepore mukati meiyo activated kabhoni uye kujekesa iyo yakavharika pores, asi zvakare inowedzera zvirimo mumapoka ane acidic pamusoro pechinhu uye kuwedzera polarity uye hydrophilicity yepasi. . Iyo adsorption kugona kweEDTA neyakagadziriswa kabhoni yakagadziridzwa neHCI yakawedzera ne49.5% zvichienzaniswa neiyo isati yagadziridzwa, yaive nani pane iyo yeHNO3 shanduko.
Yakagadziridzwa kutengeserana activated kabhoni neHNO3 uye H2O2 zvichiteerana! Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo dzepamusoro mushure mekushandurwa yaive 91.3% uye 80.8% yeavo vasati vashandurwa, zvichiteerana. Mapoka matsva ane okisijeni anoshanda senge carboxyl, carbonyl uye phenol akawedzerwa kumusoro. Iyo adsorption capacity ye nitrobenzene neHNO3 modification yaive yakanakisa, iyo yaive 3.3 nguva iyo isati yagadziriswa.Inowanikwa kuti kuwedzera kwemukati weokisijeni-ine mapoka anoshanda muakagadzirwa kabhoni mushure mekushandurwa kweasidhi kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yepamusoro. mapoinzi anoshanda, ayo aive nemhedzisiro yakananga pakuvandudza adsorption kugona kwechinangwa adsorbate.
Kuenzaniswa neinorganic acids, kune mishumo mishoma pane iyo organic acid shanduko yeiyo activated kabhoni. Enzanisa mhedzisiro ye organic acid shanduko pane pore chimiro cheiyo activated kabhoni uye adsorption yemethanol. Mushure mekugadziriswa, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo uye yakazara pore vhoriyamu yeakabatidzwa kabhoni yakadzikira. Iyo yakasimba iyo acidity, inowedzera kuderera. Mushure mekugadzirisa ne oxalic acid, tartaric acid uye citric acid, nzvimbo chaiyo yekabhoni inoshandiswa yakaderera kubva 898.59m2 · g-1 kusvika 788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 uye 622.98m2 · g-1 maererano. Nekudaro, iyo microporosity yeakabatidzwa kabhoni yakawedzera mushure mekushandurwa. The microporosity of activated carbon modified with citric acid yakawedzera kubva 75.9% kusvika 81.5%.
Oxalic acid uye tartaric acid modification inobatsira pakushambadza kwemethanol, nepo citric acid ine inhibitory mhedzisiro. Zvisinei, J.Paul Chen et al. [35] akawana kuti activated carbon yakagadziridzwa ne citric acid inogona kuwedzera adsorption yecopper ions. Lin Tang et al. [36] yakagadziridzwa yekutengeserana activated carbon ine formic acid, oxalic acid uye aminosulfonic acid. Mushure mekugadzirisa, nzvimbo chaiyo yepamusoro uye pore volume yakaderedzwa. Mapoka anoshanda ane okisijeni akadai se0-HC-0, C-0 uye S=0 akaumbwa pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, uye nzira dzisina kuenzana dzakaiswa uye makristasi machena akaonekwa. Iyo equilibrium adsorption kugona kweacetone uye isopropanol zvakare yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Alkaline solution kugadzirisa tekinoroji
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakashandisawo alkaline mhinduro kuita yechipiri activation pane activated kabhoni. Impregnate kumba kwemarasha-based activated kabhoni neNa0H mhinduro yeakasiyana mazinga kudzora pore chimiro. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti yakaderera alkali concentration yakanakira pore kuwedzera uye kuwedzera. Mhedzisiro yakanakisa yakawanikwa apo kuwanda kwehuwandu hwaive 20%. The activated carbon had the above specific surface area (681m2·g-1) uye pore volume (0.5916cm3·g-1). Kana huwandu hweNa0H huchipfuura 20%, iyo pore chimiro cheiyo activated kabhoni inoparadzwa uye iyo pore chimiro paramita inotanga kudzikira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo yakakwira yeNa0H mhinduro ichasvibisa kabhoni skeleton uye nhamba huru yemapores ichadonha.
Kugadzirira yakakwirira-inoshanda activated kabhoni nepolymer kusanganisa. Iwo maprecursors aive furfural resin uye furfuryl doro, uye ethylene glycol yaive pore-forming agent. Chimiro chepore chaidzorwa nekugadzirisa zviri mukati mapolymers matatu, uye chinhu chinoputika chine saizi yepore pakati pe0.008 ne5 μm yakawanikwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaratidza kuti polyurethane-imide firimu (PUI) inogona kuvezwa kabhoni kuti iwane kabhoni firimu, uye chimiro chepore chinogona kudzorwa nekuchinja mamolecular chimiro che polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Kana PUI ichipisa kusvika ku200 ° C, PU uye polyimide (PI) ichagadzirwa. Kana kupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa kuchikwira kusvika ku400 ° C, PU pyrolysis inogadzira gasi, zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwepore pafirimu yePI. Mushure mekuita carbonization, carbon film inowanikwa. Uye zvakare, iyo polymer yekusanganisa nzira inogona zvakare kuvandudza zvimwe zvemuviri uye zvemagetsi zvimiro zvezvinhu kusvika pamwero wakati
Catalytic activation regulation tekinoroji
Catalytic activation regulation tekinoroji ndeye musanganiswa wemakemikari activation nzira uye yakakwirira-tembiricha gasi activation nzira. Kazhinji, zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinowedzerwa kune zvigadzirwa sezvinokonzeresa, uye macatalysts anoshandiswa kubatsira iyo carbonization kana activation process kuti iwane porous kabhoni zvinhu. Kazhinji kutaura, masimbi anowanzo ane catalytic mhedzisiro, asi iyo catalytic mhedzisiro inosiyana.
Muchokwadi, kazhinji hapana muganho uri pachena pakati pemakemikari activation regulation uye catalytic activation regulation ye porous zvinhu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzira mbiri dzinowedzera reagents panguva yecarbonization uye activation process. Basa chairo rema reagents aya rinotarisa kana nzira yacho iri yechikamu checatalytic activation.
Mamiriro eiyo porous kabhoni zvinhu pachayo, iyo yemuviri uye kemikari zvimiro zvecatalyst, iyo inokonzeresa maitiro mamiriro uye inokonzeresa yekurodha nzira zvese zvinogona kuve neakasiyana madhigirii epesvedzero pamaitiro ekugadzirisa. Kushandisa bituminous marasha seyakagadzirwa, Mn(N03)2 uye Cu(N03)2 sezvinokonzeresa zvinogona kugadzira porous zvinhu zvine simbi okisidi. Huwandu hwakakodzera hwesimbi oxides hunogona kuvandudza porosity uye pore vhoriyamu, asi zvinokonzeresa mhedzisiro yesimbi dzakasiyana zvakasiyana zvishoma. Cu(N03)2 inogona kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwe pores muhuwandu hwe1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Uye zvakare, iyo simbi oxides uye inorganic munyu urimo mumbishi madota anozoitawo basa rinobatsira mukuita activation. Xie Qiang et al. [42] aitenda kuti catalytic activation reaction yezvinhu zvakaita se calcium ne iron mune inorganic matter inogona kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemapores. Kana zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zviviri izvi zvakanyanyisa, chikamu chepakati nepakati pores muchigadzirwa chinowedzera zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Kunyangwe activated kabhoni, seyakanyanya kushandiswa girinhi porous kabhoni zvinhu, yakaita basa rakakosha muindasitiri nehupenyu, ichine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza mukuwedzera kwezvinhu, kuderedzwa kwemutengo, kuvandudzwa kwemhando, kuvandudzwa kwesimba, kuwedzera hupenyu uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba. . Kutsvaga yakakwira-mhando uye yakachipa activated kabhoni raw materials, kugadzira yakachena uye inoshanda activated kabhoni yekugadzira tekinoroji, uye optimize uye kudzora pore chimiro cheyakagadzirwa kabhoni zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushandisa ichave nhungamiro yakakosha yekuvandudza kunaka kweyakagadzirwa kabhoni zvigadzirwa uye kusimudzira. kuvandudzwa kwepamusoro kweiyo activated carbon industry.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-27-2024