Type, kuita uye kushandiswa kwe electrode
Electrode type
Carbonaceous electrodes inogona kuiswa mumakabhoni electrode, magraphite electrodes uye ega-ekubikira maelectrodes zvinoenderana nekushandisa kwavo uye maitiro ekugadzira.
Iyo kabhoni electrode inogadzirwa ne low-ash anthracite, metallurgical coke, pitch coke uye petroleum coke. Inoumbwa nehumwe chiyero uye saizi yechidimbu. Paunenge uchiwedzera, binder asphalt netara zvinosanganiswa, uye musanganiswa unomutswa zvakaenzana pakudziya kwakakodzera. Kugadzira, uye pakupedzisira zvishoma nezvishoma calcining mune roaster. Inogona kukamurwa kuita echisikigo graphite electrodes, artificial graphite electrodes, kabhoni electrodes uye yakakosha kabhoni electrodes.
Iyo graphite electrode (graphiteelectrode) inogadzirwa nepetroleum coke uye pitch coke seyakagadzirwa, uye yozoiswa muchoto chemagetsi che graphitized ine tembiricha ye2273 ~ 2773K, uye inogadzirwa kuita graphite electrode negraphitization. Iyo graphite electrode inowedzera kukamurwa kuva inotevera Rudzi.
Iyo yakajairika simba graphite electrode inobvumira kushandiswa kwemagraphite electrode ane density iripo isingasviki 17 A/cm2, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kune akajairwa magetsi emagetsi sekugadzira simbi, silicon kunatsa, uye yellowing phosphorus.
Pamusoro peiyo anti-oxidation yakavharwa graphite electrode yakavharwa neinodzivirira layer (graphite electrode antioxidant) iyo inofambisa uye inodzivirira kune yakanyanya tembiricha oxidation, iyo inoderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi panguva yekugadzira simbi (19% ~ 50%) uye inowedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi. ye electrode (22% ~ 60%), kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kwe electrode.
I-high-power graphite electrode inobvumira kushandiswa kwema graphite electrode neazvino density ye18 kusvika ku25 A / cm2, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi arc furnaces ekugadzira simbi.
Ultra high power graphite electrodes inobvumira kushandiswa kwema graphite electrodes ane density iripo inodarika 25 A/cm2. Inonyanya kushandiswa mu-ultra-high simba steelmaking emagetsi arc furnaces.
Self-baking electrode (selfbakingelectrode) uchishandisa anthracite, coke, uye bhitumini uye tara semidziyo, kugadzira electrode paste pane imwe tembiricha, uyezve kurodha iyo electrode paste mukesi ye electrode yakaiswa pachoto chemagetsi (sezvinoratidzwa. muFIG 1), Muchigadziro chekugadzirwa kwechoto chemagetsi, kupisa kweJoule kunokonzerwa nekupfuura kwemagetsi emagetsi uye kupisa kwekufambisa muchoto kunozvidzivirira uye kubikwa. Electrode yakadaro inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose, uye inogona kuumbwa nekubatanidza rutivi rwakareba rwemucheto uye inogona kupiswa muhupamhi hukuru. Iyo yekuzvibikira electrode inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakugadzira ferroalloy nekuda kwekuita kwayo kuri nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Mufananidzo 1 Schematic diagram ye electrode shell
1-electrode shell; 2-mbabvu chidimbu; 3-triangle rurimi
Main technical performance ye electrode
Iyo electrode zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuve neinotevera physicochemical zvimiro:
Iyo conductivity iri nani, iyo resistivity idiki, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba remagetsi, kuderedza kudonha kwevoltage yemambure mapfupi, uye kuwedzera simba rinoshanda kuwedzera simba redziva rakanyungudutswa;
Kunyungudika kwakakwirira;
Iyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa idiki, kana kutonhora kuchichinja nekukurumidza, hazvisi nyore kukanganiswa, uye kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwekushisa hakugone kugadzira kuputika kwakanaka kuti kuwedzere kushorwa;
Iva nesimba rakakwana remagetsi pakupisa kukuru;
Tsvina ishoma uye tsvina haisvibisi munyuwi.
Hukuru hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira kabhoni electrode, iyo graphite electrode uye yekuzvibikira electrode inoratidzwa muTafura 1 uye Figure 2 ne3.
Tafura 1 Electrode technical performance
Fig. 2 Shanduko yeresistivity yecarbon electrode uye graphite electrode ine tembiricha
Mufananidzo 3 Thermal conductivity ye carbon uye graphite electrodes sekushanda kwekushisa
Kusarudzwa kwema electrode muindasitiri yeferroalloy
Self-baking maelectrodes anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukunyungudutsa iron alloy, kunatsa ferrosilicon, silicon chromium alloy, manganese silicon alloy, high carbon ferromanganese, high carbon ferrochrome, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferrochrome, silicon calcium alloy, tungsten iron Wait. . Kuzvibikira maelectrode anowanzo wedzera kugadzirwa kwealloys, mabhandi esimbi kuita kabhoni, uye kugadzira alloys esimbi nesimbi dzakachena dzine yakaderera kabhoni. Kana kabhoni ferrochrome, indasitiri silicon uye manganese simbi, kabhoni kana graphite electrodes inofanira kushandiswa.
电极的种类、性能及其用途
电极种类
碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.
碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比律和約治的比律和粉着.黏结剂沥青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉中缓慢焙烧制得。可分為天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极秱特特玁红电极秱
石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度為2273〜2773K 中石唨生化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分為以下几种.
普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅炼、炼硅炼、炼硅的炼、炼硅的炼、炼硅、炼硅、炼硅、炼硅。炉.
抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧)极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜 60%),降低电极的电能消耗.
高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电。
超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢田。
自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油為原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊把电极糣结家兒，把电极糊着它在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)，在电炉生产过程中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自烧电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自烧结然化。长边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因此被广泛用于铁合金生产.
图1 电极壳示意图
1-电极壳;2-筋片;3-三角形舌片
电极的主要技术性能
电极材料应具有下列物理化学特性:
导电性要好，电阻率要小，以减少电能的损失，减少短网压降，提高有效电压，以提高掉，以提高熔;
熔点要高;
热膨胀系数要小，当温度急变时，不易变形，不能因温度变化带來的内应力产生细小的裕小的内应力产生细小细小的蔚密;
高温下要有足够的机械强度;
杂质要低，而且杂质不污染所冶炼的品种.
碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极的主要技术性能如表1和图2、图3所示.
表1 电极技术性能
图2 碳素电极和石墨电极电阻率随温度的变化情况
图3 碳素电极和石墨电极热导率随温度的变化情况
铁合金工业中电极的选用
自焙电极广泛用于铁合金冶炼，炼制硅铁、硅铬合金、锰硅合金、高碳锰铁、高碳、锰铁、高碳锰铁、高碳、锰铁、高碳、铁铁、高碳锰铁、高碳、铁铁、高碳。碳铬铁、硅钙合金、钨铁等。自焙电极易使生产合金增碳，铁皮带入碳，生产含碳很低的铁合金和约金居、约金居、约金居、公义入。属锰应采用碳素电极或石墨电极。
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-18-2019