Nyika zhinji dzave kutanga kuseta zvibodzwa zvesimba rehydrogen, uye kumwe kudyara kuri kuda kuvandudza tekinoroji yehydrogen. IEU neChina vari kutungamira budiriro iyi, vachitsvaga mabhenefiti ekutanga mune tekinoroji uye zvivakwa. Zvichakadaro, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand neAustralia vose vakabudisa mazano emagetsi ehydrogen uye vakagadzira zvirongwa zvekufambisa ndege kubva 2017. Muna 2021, EU yakabudisa chirongwa chinodiwa che hydrogen simba, ichikurudzira kuwedzera simba rekushanda. yekugadzirwa kwehydrogen mumasero e electrolytic kusvika 6GW ne2024 nekuvimba nemhepo uye simba rezuva, uye kusvika 40GW ne2030, kugona. yekugadzirwa kwehydrogen muEU ichawedzerwa kusvika ku40GW neimwe 40GW kunze kweEU.
Sezvinoita matekinoroji ese matsva, girini yehydrogen iri kufamba kubva mukutsvagisa yekutanga nekusimudzira kuenda kune hukuru hwekusimudzira maindasitiri, zvichikonzera kuderera kwemitengo yemayuniti uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka mukugadzira, kuvaka uye kuisa. Green hydrogen LCOH ine zvikamu zvitatu: electrolytic cell cost, renewable magetsi mutengo uye mamwe mari yekushandisa. Kazhinji, mari ye electrolytic cell account inosvika 20% ~ 25% yegreen hydrogen LCOH, uye chikamu chikuru chemagetsi (70% ~ 75%). Mari yekushandisa ishoma, kazhinji isingasviki 5%.
Pasi rose, mutengo wesimba rinowanikwazve (kunyanya utility-scale solar nemhepo) wakadonha zvakanyanya mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, uye mutengo waro wakaenzana wesimba (LCOE) wave pedyo neiyo yemagetsi emarasha ($30-50 /MWh) , zvichiita kuti renewables dziwedzere kudhura-kukwikwidza mune ramangwana. Mari yemagetsi anovandudzwa inoramba ichidonha negumi muzana pagore, uye panosvika 2030 mutengo wesimba rinowanikwazve uchasvika madhora makumi maviri / MWh. Mari yekushanda haigone kudzikiswa zvakanyanya, asi mutengo wesero yuniti unogona kudzikiswa uye yakafanana mutengo wekufunda unotarisirwa kumaseru sesolar kana simba remhepo.
Solar PV yakagadziridzwa muma1970 uye mutengo we solar PV LCoEs muna 2010 waisvika madhora mazana mashanu / MWh. Solar PV LCOE yakadzikira zvakanyanya kubva 2010 uye parizvino iri madhora makumi matatu kusvika pamadhora makumi mashanu / MWh. Tichifunga kuti electrolytic cell tekinoroji yakafanana neiyo indasitiri bhenji yekugadzira solar photovoltaic cell, kubva 2020-2030, electrolytic cell tekinoroji inogona kutevedzera yakafanana trajectory sesolar photovoltaic masero maererano nemutengo weyuniti. Panguva imwecheteyo, LCOE yemhepo yakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, asi nehuwandu hudiki (anenge makumi mashanu muzana kubva kumahombekombe uye 60 muzana kumahombekombe).
Nyika yedu inoshandisa simba remagetsi rinogoneka (senge simba remhepo, photovoltaic, hydropower) ye electrolytic mvura hydrogen kugadzirwa, kana mutengo wemagetsi uchidzorwa mu 0.25 yuan / kWh pazasi, mutengo wekugadzira hydrogen une hushoma hwehupfumi (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Zviratidziro zvehunyanzvi uye zvehupfumi zvealkaline electrolysis uye PEM electrolysis hydrogen kugadzirwa inoratidzwa muTafura 1.
Nzira yekuverenga mari yekugadzirwa kwehydrogen hydrogen inoratidzwa muequation (1) uye (2). LCOE= mutengo wakatarwa/(hydrogen yekugadzira huwandu x hupenyu) + mutengo wekushandisa (1) Mutengo wekushandisa = kugadzirwa kwehydrogen magetsi ekushandisa x mutengo wemagetsi + mutengo wemvura + mutengo wekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa (2) Kutora alkaline electrolysis uye PEM electrolysis mapurojekiti (1000 Nm3/h ) semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti hupenyu hwese hwemapurojekiti makore makumi maviri uye hupenyu hwekushanda huri 9 × 104h. Mutengo wakatarwa wepasuru electrolytic cell, hydrogen yekuchenesa mudziyo, muripo wezvinhu, muripo wekuvaka, muripo webasa rekuisa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoverengerwa pa 0.3 yuan / kWh ye electrolysis. Kuenzanisa kwemutengo kunoratidzwa muTafura 2.
Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzira hydrogen, kana mutengo wemagetsi wesimba rinowanikwazve wakaderera pane 0.25 yuan / kWh, mutengo wegreen hydrogen unogona kudzikiswa kusvika pa15 yuan / kg, iyo inotanga kuve nemubhadharo wemutengo. Muchirevo chekusarerekera kabhoni, nekudzikiswa kwemitengo yemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi, kukura kwakakura kwemapurojekiti ekugadzira hydrogen, kudzikiswa kwekushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye mutengo wekudyara, uye kutungamirwa kwekabhoni mutero uye mamwe marongero, mugwagwa. yegirini hydrogen mutengo kuderedzwa kuchave kujeka zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti kugadzirwa kwehydrogen kubva kumagetsi echinyakare kuchasanganiswa nekusachena kwakawanda kwakabatana senge kabhoni, sarufa neklorini, uye mutengo wekucheneswa kwepamusoro uye CCUS, mutengo chaiwo wekugadzira unogona kudarika 20 yuan / kg.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-06-2023