1. kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yesimbi kunofambisa kukura kwepasi rose kudiwa kwemagraphite electrodes
1.1 sumo pfupi yegraphite electrode
Graphite electrodeimhando ye graphite conductive material iyo inopesana nekupisa kwepamusoro. Imhando yemhando yepamusoro inodzivirira graphite conductive material, iyo inogadzirwa ne calcining mbishi zvinhu, kupwanya kugaya hupfu, batching, kusanganisa, kuumba, kubika, impregnating, graphitization uye mechanical processing, iyo inonzi artificial graphite electrode (graphite electrode) kusiyanisa kubva mukushandiswa kwedenga Zvisinei, graphite ndeye yakasikwa graphite electrode yakagadzirwa kubva raw materials. Graphite electrodes inogona kuitisa ikozvino uye kugadzira magetsi, nekudaro kunyungudusa zvimedu zvesimbi kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa mumoto unoputika kugadzira simbi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvesimbi, zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi. Graphite electrode imhando yezvinhu ine yakaderera resistivity uye kuramba kune inopisa gradient muarc vira. Hunhu hukuru hwekugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode ndeyekureba kugadzirwa kutenderera (kazhinji kunogara kwemwedzi mitatu kusvika kushanu), mashandisiro makuru emagetsi uye maitiro akaomarara ekugadzira.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi kumusoro kweiyo graphite electrode indasitiri chain inonyanya petroleum coke netsono coke, uye zvigadzirwa zvinomiririra chikamu chikuru chemutengo wekugadzira wegraphite electrode, inodarika 65%, nekuti pachine mukaha mukuru pakati pe. China yekugadzira tsono coke tekinoroji uye tekinoroji kana ichienzaniswa neUnited States neJapan, mhando yembambo yetsono coke yakaoma kuvimbisa, saka China ichine kutsamira kwepamusoro kune yemhando yepamusoro tsono coke import. Muna 2018, kugoverwa kwemusika wetsono coke muChina ndeye 418000 matani, uye kutengeswa kwetsono coke muChina kunosvika 218000 matani, kuverenga kupfuura 50%; iyo huru yekudzika kwemvura kushandiswa kwegraphite electrode ndeyeMagetsi arc furnace steelmaking.
Iyo yakajairika classification ye graphite electrode yakavakirwa pachimiro chemuviri uye chemakemikari zvimiro zvezvakapedzwa zvigadzirwa. Pasi peiyi chiyero chiyero, graphite electrode inogona kukamurwa kuita yakajairika simba graphite electrode, yakakwirira simba graphite electrode uye Ultra-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode. Ma graphite electrodes ane simba rakasiyana akasiyana mune zvigadzirwa, electrode resistivity, elastic modulus, flexural simba, coefficient of thermal expansion, inobvumirwa ikozvino density uye minda yekushandisa.
1.2. Ongororo yenhoroondo yebudiriro yegraphite electrode muChina
Graphite electrode inonyanya kushandiswa musimbi uye simbi kunyunguduka. Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri ye graphite electrode yeChina kunongoenderana nemaitiro echizvino-zvino eindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi yeChina. Graphite electrode kuChina yakatanga kumakore ekuma1950, uye yakasangana nematanho matatu kubva pakuzvarwa kwayo
Musika we graphite electrode unotarisirwa kudzoka kumashure muna 2021. Muhafu yekutanga ya2020, yakakanganiswa nedenda, kudiwa kwepamba kwakadzikira zvakanyanya, mirairo yekunze yakanonoka, uye huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakakanganisa musika wepamba. Muna Kukadzi 2020, mutengo wegraphite electrode wakakwira kwenguva pfupi, asi munguva pfupi iyo hondo yemitengo yakawedzera. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekudzoreredzwa kwemisika yemumba neyekunze uye kukura kwechoto chemagetsi kunyunguduka pasi pemutemo wepasi kabhoni wakasarudzika, musika wegraphite electrode unotarisirwa kudzoka kumashure. Kubva 2020, nemutengo wegraphite electrode uchidonha uye uchiita kunge wakagadzikana, kudiwa kwepamba kwegraphite electrode yeEAF kugadzirwa kwesimbi kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kweiyo yepamusoro-yepamusoro simba graphite electrode iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. indasitiri ye electrode icharamba ichiwedzera, uye indasitiri inozokura zvishoma nezvishoma.
2. iyo yekugovera uye yekuda maitiro e graphite electrode inotarisirwa kudzosera kumashure
2.1. kushanduka kwemutengo wepasi rose kwegraphite electrode yakakura
Kubva 2014 kusvika 2016, nekuda kwekuderera kwekudiwa kwepasi, musika wepasi rose wegraphite electrode wakadzikira, uye mutengo wegraphite electrode wakaramba wakaderera. Sezvo iyo main raw material ye graphite electrode, mutengo wetsono coke wakawira ku $562.2 patani muna 2016. Sezvo China iri mutengi kunze kwenyika wetsono coke, kudiwa kweChina kune simba guru pamutengo wetsono coke kunze kweChina. Nekugona kwevagadziri ve graphite electrode kudonha pasi pemutengo wekugadzira muna 2016, huwandu hwemagariro hwakasvika pakaderera. Muna 2017, kuguma kwemutemo kwakadzima moto wepakati weDi Tiao simbi, uye yakawanda yesimbi yakayerera yakayerera ichipinda muchoto chesimbi, izvo zvakakonzera kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kudiwa kweindasitiri yegraphite electrode muChina muhafu yechipiri ye 2017. Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwe graphite electrode kwakaita kuti mutengo wetsono uwedzere zvakanyanya muna 2017, uye wakasvika US $ 3769.9 patani muna 2019, kusvika 5.7 nguva ichienzaniswa ne2016.
Mumakore achangopfuura, chikamu chemitemo yepamba yanga ichitsigira uye ichitungamira nzira pfupi yekugadzira simbi yeEAF pachinzvimbo chekushandura simbi, izvo zvakasimudzira kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemagraphite electrode muindasitiri yesimbi yeChina. Kubva 2017, musika wepasi rose weEAF simbi wapora, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwepasi rose graphite electrode supply. Kudiwa kwemagraphite electrodes kunze kweChina kwakakwira zvakanyanya muna 2017 uye mutengo wakasvika padanho repamusoro. Kubva ipapo, nekuda kwekudyara kwakanyanya, kugadzira uye kutenga, musika une stock yakawandisa, uye avhareji mutengo wegraphite electrode wakadzikira muna 2019. Muna 2019, mutengo weuhhp graphite electrode wakagadzikana paUS $ 8824.0 patani, asi iyo yakaramba yakakwira kupfuura mutengo wenhoroondo pamberi pe2016.
Muhafu yekutanga ya2020, COVID-19 yakakonzera kuderera kwemutengo wepakati wekutengesa wegraphite electrodes, uye mutengo wembanje coke wakadzika kubva pa8000 yuan / ton kuenda ku4500 yuan / tani pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, kana 43.75% . Mutengo wekugadzira tsono coke muChina i5000-6000 yuan / tani, uye vazhinji vanogadzira vari pazasi peyerero yepurofiti uye kurasikirwa. Nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi, kugadzirwa uye kushambadzira kwemagraphite electrode muChina kwave nani kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu, chiyero chekutanga chesimbi yechoto chemagetsi chakachengetedzwa pa65%, kufarira kwemiti yesimbi kutenga graphite electrode kwakwira, uye rondedzero yekubvunza. kumusika wekunze wakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Mutengo wegraphite electrode wave uchikwirawo kubva munaGunyana 2020. Mutengo wegraphite electrode wakawedzera ne500-1500 yuan / ton, uye mutengo wekunze wakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Kubva 2021, yakakanganiswa nedenda mudunhu reHebei, zvidyarwa zvakawanda zvegraphite electrode zvakavharwa uye mota dzekufambisa dzinodzorwa zvakanyanya, uye magirafu emagetsi emuno haagone kutengeswa zvakajairika. Mutengo wezvakajairwa uye akakwira-simba zvigadzirwa mumusika wepasi graphite electrode wakakwira. Mutengo wepakati weuhp450mm yakatarwa ine 30% tsono coke zvemukati pamusika ndeye 15-15500 yuan / tani, uye mutengo wepamusoro weuhp600mm yakatarwa ndeye 185-19500 yuan / tani, kubva pa500-2000 yuan / tani. Iko kukwira kwemutengo wezvinhu zvakasvibirira kunotsigirawo mutengo wegraphite electrode. Parizvino, mutengo wetsono coke mudzimba dzemarasha akateedzana angangoita 7000 yuan, oiri akateedzana angangoita 7800, uye mutengo wekunze ungangoita zviuru zana nemazana mashanu emadhora eUS. Zvinoenderana neruzivo rweBachuan, vamwe vagadziri vemazuva ese vakaraira kwaibva zvinhu muna Kukadzi. Nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwepakati kwevatengesi vakuru vekumba nekune dzimwe nyika muna Kubvumbi, zvinotarisirwa kuti 2021 graphite electrode ichange ichine nzvimbo yekukwira muhafu yekutanga yegore. Zvisinei, nekuwedzera kwemari, kuguma kwekuda kwekunyunguduka kwechoto chemagetsi kuchave kusina simba, uye mutengo we graphite electrode muhafu yechipiri yegore unotarisirwa kuramba wakagadzikana.
2.2. nzvimbo yekukura yemhando yepamusoro yemhando yepamusoro uye Ultra yakakwirira simba graphite electrode yakakura
Kubuda kwemagraphite electrode mhiri kwemakungwa kunodzikiswa, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hunonyanya kukwira simba regraphite electrodes. Kubva 2014 kusvika 2019, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi epasi rose (kunze kweChina) kwadzikira kubva pa800000 toni kusvika pa710000 tonnes, nechikamu chekukura kwepagore - 2.4%. Nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwezvidyarwa zvakaderera, kugadzirisa nharaunda kwenguva refu uye kuvaka patsva, kugona uye kubuda kunze kweChina kuri kuramba kuchidzikira, uye mukaha uripo pakati pekubuda uye kushandiswa unozadzwa nemagraphite electrode anotengeswa kunze neChina. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, kubuda kwemagetsi e-ultra-high power graphite electrodes mhiri kwemakungwa kunoda kusvika 90% yehuwandu hwekubuda kwemagraphite electrodes (kunze kweChina). High quality uye ultra-high simba graphite electrode inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina uye yakakosha simbi. Iyo inogadzira inoda yakakwirira yemuviri uye makemikari indexes senge density, resistivity uye madota emukati emagetsi akadaro.
Kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina kuri kuramba kuchikwira, uye kugona kwekugadzira kwemhando yepamusoro uye ekupedzisira emagetsi emagetsi graphite electrode ishoma. Kubuda kwegraphite electrode kuChina kwakadzikira kubva pamatani 570000 muna 2014 kusvika pa500000 matani muna 2016. Kubuda kweChina kwakawedzera kubva 2017 uye kwakasvika matani 800000 muna 2019. Zvichienzaniswa nemusika wepasi rose wegraphite electrode, vagadziri vepamba vane dhigirii repamusoro-soro. -simba graphite electrode kugadzira simba, asi kune yepamusoro-yemhando yepamusoro uye Ultra-yakakwirira-simba graphite, iyo yekumba yekugadzira simba ishoma. Muna 2019, China yemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-yepamusoro-simba graphite electrode kubuda ingori 86000 matani, inoverengera ingangoita gumi muzana yezvakabuda, izvo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nechimiro chekunze graphite electrode zvigadzirwa.
Kubva pakuona kwekudiwa, kushandiswa kwema graphite electrodes munyika (kunze kweChina) muna 2014-2019 kunogara kwakakura kudarika kubuda, uye mushure me2017, kushandiswa kunowedzera gore negore. Muna 2019, kushandiswa kwemagraphite electrodes munyika (kunze kweChina) kwaive 890000 matani. Kubva 2014 kusvika 2015, kushandiswa kwema graphite electrodes kuChina kwakadzikira kubva pa390000 tonnes kusvika 360000 tonnes, uye kubuda kwehigh-quality uye ultra-high-power graphite electrodes kwakadzikira kubva pa23800 toni kusvika 20300 toni. Kubva 2016 kusvika 2017, nekuda kwekudzoreredza zvishoma nezvishoma kwemusika wesimbi muChina, chikamu cheEAF kugadzira simbi chiri kuwedzera. Zvichakadaro, nhamba yeEAFs yepamusoro inoshandiswa nevagadziri vesimbi inowedzera. Iko kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-simba magirafu emagetsi akawedzera kusvika pa580000 matani muna 580000, ayo, kudiwa kwemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-simba regirafu electrode kunosvika 66300 matani, uye CAGR muna 2017-2019 inosvika makumi matanhatu nesere muzana. . Graphite electrode (kunyanya yakakwira simba graphite electrode) inotarisirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa resonance inotungamirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushoma kugadzirwa pamagumo ekupa uye kupera kwesimbi yevira pakupera kwekudiwa.
3. kukura kwepfupi nzira yekunyungudutsa kunofambisa kugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode
3.1. kudiwa kwevira idzva remagetsi kutyaira graphite electrode
Indasitiri yesimbi ndeimwe yembiru maindasitiri ekusimudzira magariro uye kufambira mberi. Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwesimbi kwepasi rose kwakaramba kuchikura. Simbi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, kuvaka, kurongedza uye indasitiri yechitima, uye kushandiswa kwesimbi kwepasirese kwakawedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, hutano hwezvigadzirwa zvesimbi hwakagadziridzwa uye mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza iri kuwedzera. Vamwe vagadziri vesimbi vanotendeukira kuarc furnace simbi yekugadzira, nepo graphite electrode yakakosha kune arc choto, nekudaro kuvandudza zvinodiwa zvemhando yegraphite electrode. Simbi nesimbi kunyunguduka ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa munda wegraphite electrode, inoverengera inosvika 80% yehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwegraphite electrode. Mukunyungudutswa kwesimbi nesimbi, kugadzirwa kwesimbi yemagetsi kunoda kusvika 50% yehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwegraphite electrode, uye kunatsa kunze kwechoto kunodarika makumi maviri neshanu muzana ehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwegraphite electrode. Munyika, muna 2015, muzana yehuwandu hwekubuda kwesimbi isina kuchena munyika yaive 25.2%, 62.7%, 39.4% uye 22.9% zvakateerana muUnited States, nyika makumi maviri nenomwe dzeEuropean Union neJapan, ukuwo muna 2015, Kugadzirwa kwesimbi yemagetsi kuChina kwakawedzera 5.9%, iyo yaive yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura pasirese. Mukufamba kwenguva, pfupi nzira tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti ari pachena pamusoro pekuita kwenguva refu. Iyo yakakosha indasitiri yesimbi ine EAF seyiyo huru yekugadzira michina inotarisirwa kukura nekukurumidza. Izvo zviwanikwa zvezvimedu zveEAF simbi zvichava nenzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza remangwana. Naizvozvo, EAF kugadzira simbi inotarisirwa kukura nekukurumidza, nekudaro ichiwedzera kudiwa kwegraphite electrode. Kubva pane tekinoroji yekuona, EAF ndiyo yakakosha midziyo yepfupi-maitiro simbi. Short process steelmaking tekinoroji ine mabhenefiti ari pachena mukugadzira kunyatsoita, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, capital kuvaka mari yekudyara uye muitiro kuchinjika; kubva kuzasi, inenge 70% yesimbi yakakosha uye 100% yesimbi yakakwira alloy muChina inogadzirwa nearc furnace. Muna 2016, kubudiswa kwesimbi yakakosha muChina ndeye 1/5 chete yeJapan, uye yakakwirira-yepamusoro-soro zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvinongogadzirwa muJapan Chikamu chehuwandu ndeye 1/8 chete yeJapan. Kuvandudzwa kweramangwana repamusoro-soro simbi yakakosha muChina ichafambisa kugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode yemagetsi echoto chesimbi nechoto chemagetsi; saka, kuchengetwa kwemidziyo yesimbi uye kushandiswa kwezvimedu muChina kune nzvimbo yakakura yekusimudzira, uye nheyo yezvigadzirwa zvenguva pfupi yekugadzira simbi mune ramangwana yakasimba.
Kubuda kwe graphite electrode kunopindirana neshanduko yekuchinja kwekubuda kwesimbi yechoto chemagetsi. Kuwedzera kwekubuda kwesimbi yechoto kuchafambisa kudiwa kwegraphite electrode mune ramangwana. Zvinoenderana nedata repasirese iron uye Steel Association neChina Carbon Indasitiri Association, kubuda kwesimbi yesimbi muChina muna 2019 inosvika 127.4 miriyoni matani, uye kubuda kwegraphite electrode i7421000 matani. Kubuda uye kukura kwe graphite electrode muChina zvine hukama zvakanyanya nekubuda uye chiyero chekukura kwesimbi yemoto wemagetsi muChina. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwemaonero, kubuda kwesimbi yechoto yemagetsi muna 2011 kwakasvika pakukwirira kwayo, zvino kwakaramba gore negore, uye kubuda kwegraphite electrode muChina kwakadererawo gore negore mushure me2011. Muna 2016, Ministry of industry and information tekinoroji yakapinda anenge mazana maviri neshanu emagetsi emagetsi emabhizinesi ekugadzira simbi, nekugadzirwa kwematani emamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu, achiverengera 6.72% yekugadzirwa kwesimbi isina kuchena mugore razvino. Muna 2017, 127 itsva yakawedzerwa, nekugadzirwa kwematani 75million, inoverengera 9,32% yehuwandu husina kuchena hwekugadzirwa mugore rimwe chete; muna 2018, 34 itsva yakawedzerwa, nekugadzirwa kwemamiriyoni zana ematani, inoverengera 11% yehuwandu hwesimbi isina kuchena yakabuda mugore razvino; muna 2019, mavira emagetsi ane isingasviki makumi mashanu akabviswa, uye achangovakwa uye mukugadzirwa emagetsi emagetsi muChina aipfuura mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu neshanu, achiverengera chikamu Iyo yakasvika 12.8%. Chikamu chekugadzira simbi yemagetsi muChina ichiri kuderera kupfuura avhareji yepasi rose, asi gaka rinotanga kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kubva pachiyero chekukura, kubuda kwegraphite electrode kunoratidza maitiro ekuchinja uye kuderera. Muna 2015, kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi kwechoto chemagetsi kunopera simba, uye kubuda kwe graphite electrode kunoderera. Chikamu chesimbi chinobuda mune ramangwana chichave chakakura, icho chinotyaira remangwana rekuda nzvimbo yegraphite electrode yechoto chemagetsi.
Zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwemutemo weindasitiri yesimbi yakapihwa neBazi reindasitiri uye ruzivo rwemichina, zvinonyatso kurudziro kuti "kurudzire kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro mapfupi ekugadzira simbi uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo nesimbi yakaraswa seyakagadzirwa. Pakazosvika 2025, chiyero chesimbi-ekugadzira zvimedu zveChinese simbi mabhizinesi haizove pasi pe30%. Nekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa chemakore gumi nemana mundima dzakasiyana-siyana, zvinotarisirwa kuti chikamu chemaitiro mapfupi chichawedzera kuvandudza kudiwa kwegraphite electrode, iyo yakakosha zvinhu kumusoro.
Kunze kweChina, nyika huru dzinogadzira simbi pasi rose, dzakaita seUnited States, Japan neSouth Korea, dzinonyanya kugadzira simbi yechoto, inoda mamwe magirafu emagetsi, nepo China magirafu emagetsi emagetsi anodarika makumi mashanu muzana epasi rose. simba, izvo zvinoita kuti China ive mutengesi kunze kwemagraphite electrodes. Muna 2018, China graphite electrode ekisipoti vhoriyamu yakasvika 287000 matani, kuwedzera kwe21.11% gore-pagore, kuchengetedza maitiro ekukura, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwemakore matatu akateedzana. Zvinotarisirwa kuti huwandu hwekutumirwa kunze kwenyika hwegraphite electrode muChina huchakwira kusvika pa398000 matani panosvika 2023, paine huwandu hwekukura kwepagore hwe5.5%. Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri, zvigadzirwa zveChina graphite electrode zvishoma nezvishoma zvakazivikanwa uye kugamuchirwa nevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika, uye mari yekutengesa mhiri kwemakungwa yemabhizinesi eChinese graphite electrode yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Tichitora iyo inotungamira graphite electrode indasitiri muChina semuenzaniso, nekuvandudzika kwese kwegraphite electrode indasitiri, nekuda kwekusimba kwayo kwechigadzirwa kukwikwidza, Fangda kabhoni yakawedzera zvakanyanya mari yekunze yebhizinesi regraphite electrode mumakore maviri apfuura. Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakakwira kubva pa430million yuan munguva yenguva yakaderera yegraphite electrode indasitiri muna 2016 kusvika Muna 2018, mari yekunze yebhizimusi regraphite electrode yakaverengera kudarika makumi matatu muzana emari yese yekambani, uye dhigirii rekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika raiwedzera. . Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi danho uye kukwikwidza kwechigadzirwa kweChina graphite electrode indasitiri, China graphite electrode inozozivikanwa nekuvimbwa nevatengi vekunze. Huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwegraphite electrode inotarisirwa kukwira mberi, inova chinhu chakakosha kusimudzira kugadzirwa kwegraphite electrode muChina.
3.2. kukanganisa kwemutemo wekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza pamamiriro edenda kunoita kuti kupihwa kwegraphite electrode kuve kwakasimba
Iyo kabhoni kubuda kweiyo nzira refu yepfupi process steelmaking muchoto chemagetsi inoderedzwa. Maererano nechirongwa che13 chemakore mashanu cheindasitiri yesimbi yakasvibiswa, ichienzaniswa nekugadzirwa kwesimbi yesimbi, kubuda kwematani 1,6 ecarbon dioxide uye 3 matani emarara akaoma kunogona kuderedzwa nekushandisa 1 tani yesimbi yesimbi. Nhepfenyuro yemaitiro anobatanidzwa muindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi. Maitiro ega ega achasangana neakatevedzana emakemikari uye emuviri shanduko. Panguva imwecheteyo, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisaririra nemarara zvicharaswa apo zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa zvichigadzirwa. Kuburikidza nekuverenga, tinogona kuona kuti kana kugadzirwa kwakafanana kwe1 ton slab / billet, iyo yakareba nzira ine sintering process inoburitsa zvimwe zvinosvibisa, inova yechipiri mukufamba kwenguva kwepellet process, nepo zvinosvibisa zvinoburitswa nechinguva chidiki simbi. zvakanyanya kuderera pane izvo zvehurefu hwekuita ne sintering process uye refu process ine pellet, iyo inoratidza kuti yenguva pfupi muitiro kugadzira simbi kune hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza. Kuti tikunde muhondo yekudzivirira kwedenga redenga, mapurovhinzi mazhinji muChina akapa chiziviso chepamusoro-soro kugadzirwa munguva yechando nechirimo, uye vakaita hurongwa hwakadzikama hwekugadzira mabhizinesi akakosha ane gasi sesimbi, nonferrous, coking, indasitiri yemakemikari, kuvaka. zvinhu uye kukanda. Pakati pavo, kana kushandiswa kwesimba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka kwekabhoni uye ferroalloy mabhizinesi ane graphite electrode akatadza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, mamwe mapurovhinzi akataura zvakajeka kuti kurambidzwa kugadzira kana kumisa kugadzirwa kuchaitwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo.
3.3. iyo yekugovera uye yekuda maitiro e graphite electrode iri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma
Novel coronavirus pneumonia yakakonzerwa nekuderera kwehupfumi hwepasirese uye kumwe kudzivirira muhafu yekutanga ya2020, yakaita kuti graphite electrode mumusika wepamba nekunze uye mutengo wekutengesa wadzike, uye mabhizinesi egraphite electrode muindasitiri akadzikisa kugadzirwa, akamisa kugadzirwa uye. akaita kurasikirwa. Munguva pfupi uye yepakati, pamusoro petarisiro yeChina yekuvandudza kudiwa kwegraphite electrode, huwandu hwemhiri kwemakungwa graphite electrode inogona kushomeka pasi pesimba redenda, izvo zvichawedzera kuwedzera mamiriro eiyo tight supply pattern yegraphite. electrode.
Kubva chikamu chechina cha2020, graphite electrode inventory yanga ichidzikira nguva dzose, uye chiyero chekutanga bhizinesi chakawedzera. Kubva 2019, kupihwa kwese kwegraphite electrode muChina kwave kunyanyisa, uye mabhizinesi egraphite electrode ari kudzora zvinobudirira kutanga. Kunyangwe kudzikira kwehupfumi hwepasi rose muna 2020, kukanganisa kwesimbi dzekunze kwakakanganiswa neCCIDID-19 kunowanzo mhanya, asi kuburitsa simbi yeChina kunoramba kwakagadzikana. Nekudaro, mutengo we graphite electrode musika unokanganiswa nekupihwa kwemusika zvakanyanya, uye mutengo unoramba uchidzikira, uye graphite electrode mabhizinesi akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru. Mamwe emabhizinesi makuru e graphite electrode muChina akadya zvakanyanya muna Kubvumbi uye Chivabvu 2020. Parizvino, kuwanikwa uye kudiwa kwemusika wepamusoro uye muhombe uri padyo nekupa uye kudiwa kwechiyero chepakati. Kunyangwe kana kudiwa kukaramba kusingachinji, zuva rekuwedzera kupihwa uye kudiwa richakurumidza kusvika.
Kukura kwekukurumidza kwekushandisa zvimedu kunokurudzira kudiwa. Kushandiswa kwesimbi dzakaraswa kwakawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni makumi masere nemasere. Nekuvhurwa kwemutemo wenyika pamusoro pekupinza simbi dzakaraswa uye kuwedzera kwechikamu chekunyungudutswa kwechoto chemagetsi, zvinotarisirwa kuti kushandiswa kwesimbi yakaraswa kucharamba kuchikwira nekukurumidza. Nekune rimwe divi, nekuti mutengo wesimbi dzakaraswa unonyanya kukanganiswa nekudiwa kwemhiri kwemakungwa, mutengo wezvimedu zvemhiri kwemakungwa wakakwira zvakanyanya muhafu yechipiri ya2020 nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekutanga kweChina kuunza zvimedu. Parizvino, mutengo wesimbi yakarashika uri padanho repamusoro, uye watanga kufona kubva muna 2021. Kuderera kwekuda kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwedenda rekunze kune dzimwe nyika kunotarisirwa kuramba kuchikanganisa kuderera kwesimbi yakaraswa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mutengo wesimbi yakarasika ucharamba uchikanganiswa muhafu yekutanga ye2021 Lattice ichange iine oscillating uye ichidzika, iyo inobatsirawo kuvandudzwa kwevira rekutanga-up uye kudiwa kwegraphite electrode.
Iko kudiwa kwese kwepasirese simbi yesimbi yemagetsi uye isina choto simbi muna 2019 uye 2020 i1376800 matani uye 14723 miriyoni matani zvichiteerana. Zvinofanotaurwa kuti kudiwa kwepasi rose kuchawedzera kuwedzera mumakore mashanu anotevera, uye kusvika ku 2.1444 mamiriyoni emamiriyoni muna 2025. Kudiwa kwesimbi yemoto yemagetsi kunoda huwandu hwehuwandu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kuchasvika 1.8995 miriyoni matani muna 2025.
Kudiwa kwepasi rose kwemagraphite electrodes muna 2019 na2020 i1376800 matani uye 14723 miriyoni matani zvichiteerana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwepasi rose kuchawedzera kuwedzera mumakore mashanu anotevera, uye inotarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni 2.1444 matani muna 2025. Zvichakadaro, muna 2021 uye 2022, kugoverwa kwepasi rose kwe graphite electrodes kwakapfuura 267 uye 16000 matani maererano. Mushure megore ra2023, pachava nekushayikwa kwekupa, paine gap re -17900 matani, 39000 matani uye -24000 matani.
Muna 2019 na2020, kudiwa kwepasi rose kweUHP graphite electrode i9087000 matani uye 986400 matani zvichiteerana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pasi rose kudiwa kuchawedzera kuwedzera mumakore mashanu anotevera, uye kusvika anenge mamiriyoni 1.608 matani muna 2025. Zvichakadaro, muna 2021 uye 2022, pasi rose kupa graphite electrodes akanga pamusoro 775 uye 61500 matani maererano. Mushure megore ra2023, pachava nekushayikwa kwekugovera, negep re -08000 matani, 26300 matani uye -67300 matani.
Kubva pahafu yechipiri ya2020 kusvika munaJanuary2021, mutengo wepasi rose we Ultra-high-power graphite electrode wadzikira kubva pa27000/t kusvika 24000/ T. pamutengo wazvino. Muna 2021, kudiwa kwepasirese kweakakwirira-yepamusoro-simba magirafu emagetsi kuchawedzera kuwedzera, kunyanya kupisa kunze kwenyika kunotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nekukwevera kudiwa kweiyo yekupedzisira-yepamusoro-simba graphite, uye graphite electrode yekutanga rate icharamba ichikwira. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mutengo weUHP graphite electrode muna 2021 uchawedzerwa kusvika 26000/ t nehafu yechipiri yegore, uye purofiti ichawedzerwa kusvika 3922-4067 yuan / ton. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kweiyo yakazara kudiwa kwe Ultra-yakakwirira simba graphite electrode mune ramangwana, iyo purofiti nzvimbo ichawedzera kuwedzera.
Kubva munaJanuary2021, mutengo wepasi rose weyakajairika simba graphite electrode i11500-12500 yuan / ton. Zvinoenderana nemutengo wazvino uye mutengo wemusika, purofiti yeyakajairwa graphite electrode inofungidzirwa kuva -264-1404 yuan / ton, iyo ichiri mukurasikirwa. Mutengo wazvino we graphite electrode ine simbawo zvawo wakwira kubva pa10000 yuan/tani muchikamu chechitatu che2020 kusvika pa12500 yuan/T. yakawedzera, uye kudyiwa kwesimbi simbi kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye kudiwa kweakajairwa graphite electrode kuchakwirawo zvakanyanya. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mutengo wegraphite electrode ine simba rakajairwa uchakwidziridzwa kusvika pamusoro pemutengo muchikamu chechitatu cha2021, uye purofiti ichaonekwa. Nekuda kwepasirese kwemagraphite electrode esimba rakawanda richiramba richikwira mune ramangwana, nzvimbo yepurofiti ichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
4. makwikwi maitiro e graphite electrode industry muChina
Nzvimbo dzepakati dze graphite electrode indasitiri vagadziri ve graphite electrode, vane mabhizinesi akazvimiririra sevatori vechikamu. Kugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode kuChina kunokwana makumi mashanu muzana epasi rose kubuda kwemagraphite electrode. Sebhizinesi rinotungamira muChina graphite electrode indasitiri, chikamu chemusika chesquare kabhoni graphite electrode muChina chinodarika makumi maviri muzana, uye huwandu hwegraphite electrode ndeyechitatu pasi rose. Panyaya yemhando yechigadzirwa, mabhizinesi makuru muindasitiri yegraphite electrode muChina ane kukwikwidza kwakasimba kwepasirese, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinosvika padanho rezvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvevakwikwidzi vekunze. Iko kune delamination mumusika wegraphite electrode. Musika we-ultra-high-power graphite electrode inonyanya kugarwa nemabhizinesi epamusoro muindastiri, uye mabhizinesi mana epamusoro anodarika 80% yemusika wemusika weUHP graphite electrode musika, uye kusangana kweindasitiri kwakati. pachena.
Mumusika wepamusoro-soro wemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, mabhizinesi mahombe emagetsi emagetsi ari pakati anosvika ane simba rekutaurirana kune indasitiri yekugadzira simbi yepasi, uye inoda kuti vatengi vari pasi pemvura vabhadhare kuendesa zvinhu pasina kupa account nguva. Simba repamusoro uye rakajairwa simba graphite electrode ane yakaderera tekinoroji chikumbaridzo, anotyisa musika kukwikwidza uye ane mukurumbira mutengo makwikwi. Mumusika wepamusoro-simba uye wakajairwa graphite electrode musika, wakatarisana neindasitiri yekugadzira simbi ine yakakwira kudzika pasi, madiki uye epakati-saizi graphite electrode mabhizinesi ane asina kusimba ekutengesa simba kune yakadzika, kuitira kupa vatengi nguva yeakaundi kana kunyange. kuderedza mitengo kukwikwidza kumusika. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kusimbaradza zvinhu, kugona kwemabhizinesi epakati kune kushomeka, uye huwandu hwese hwekushandisa indasitiri huri pasi pe70%. Mamwe mabhizinesi anotoita sechiitiko chekurairwa kumisa kugadzira zvachose. Kana budiriro yeindasitiri yekunyungudutsa yesimbi, yero phosphorus uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zviri pasi pegraphite electrode zvadzikira, kudiwa kwemusika wegraphite electrode kushoma, uye mutengo wegraphite electrode ukasakwira zvakanyanya, kuwedzera kwemutengo wekushandisa kuchatungamira. kune kupona kwemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati pasina kukwikwidza kwepakati, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kubuda mumusika kana kuwanikwa nehombe graphite electrode kana simbi mabhizinesi.
Mushure megore ra2017, nekukurumidza kuwedzera kwepurofiti muchoto chemagetsi kugadzira simbi, kudiwa uye mutengo wegraphite electrode yemagetsi choto simbi-kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakawedzera nekukurumidza. Iyo gross purofiti ye graphite electrode indasitiri yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Mabhizinesi ari muindasitiri akawedzera chiyero chavo chekugadzira. Mamwe mabhizinesi akasiya musika akaiswa mukushanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Kubva pakubuda kwese kwegraphite electrode, kuwanda kweindasitiri kwakadzikira. Tichitora iyo inotungamira sikweya kabhoni yegraphite electrode semuenzaniso, musika wayo wese wakadzikira kubva pa30% muna 2016 kusvika pa25% muna 2018. Zvisineyi, kana iri yemhando chaiyo yezvigadzirwa zve graphite electrode, makwikwi mumusika weindasitiri ane. akasiyaniswa. Nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro tekinoroji inodiwa ye Ultra-yakakwirira-simba graphite electrode, iyo musika mugove we-ultra-high-simba zvigadzirwa inovandudzwa zvakare nekuburitsa kugadzirwa kweiyo indasitiri misoro mabhizinesi ane inoenderana tekinoroji simba, uye epamusoro mana emusoro mabhizinesi account inopfuura 80% yemugove wemusika wezvigadzirwa zve-ultra-high-power. Panyaya yesimba rakajairwa uye yakakwirira simba graphite electrode ine yakaderera tekinoroji zvinodiwa, kukwikwidza mumusika kunowedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekubatanidzwazve kwemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati neasina simba rehunyanzvi uye kuwedzera kwekugadzira.
Mushure memakumi emakore ebudiriro, kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira graphite electrode, mabhizinesi makuru egraphite electrode muChina akagona hunyanzvi hwekugadzira graphite electrode. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira uye tekinoroji nhanho yegraphite electrode inofananidzwa neyevakwikwidzi vekunze, uye nemabhenefiti ekuita kwemutengo wakakwira, mabhizinesi eChina graphite electrode ari kuwedzera kuita basa rakakosha mumakwikwi emusika wepasi rose.
5. mazano ekutsvaga mari
Pakupera kwekupa, iyo indasitiri yegraphite electrode ichiri nenzvimbo yekuvandudza, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye muganho wekugadzira kunowedzera chikamu chemagetsi echoto kugadzira simbi, uye kukura kwese kwegraphite electrode indasitiri yakanaka. Padivi rekuda, nekuda kwekuvandudza kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, remangwana 100-150 matani UHP EAF ndiyo nzira huru yebudiriro, uye kusimudzira kweUHP EAF ndiyo yakajairika maitiro. Sechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zveUHP EAF, kudiwa kwehombe-yepamusoro-yepamusoro-simba graphite electrode inotarisirwa kuwedzera mberi.
Kubudirira kwe graphite electrode indasitiri kwakadzikira mumakore maviri apfuura. Kuita kwemakambani epamba anotungamira graphite electrode kwakadzikira zvakanyanya muna 2020. Iyo indasitiri yese iri padanho rekutarisira kushoma uye kusakosha. Nekudaro, isu tinotenda kuti nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zveindasitiri uye zvishoma nezvishoma kudzoka kwemutengo wegraphite electrode kusvika padanho rinonzwisisika, kuita kwemabhizinesi anotungamira muindastiri kuchabatsira zvizere kubva pakudzoreredzwa kwepasi pegraphite. electrode musika. Mune ramangwana, China ine nzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza kwepfupi-process steelmaking, iyo inobatsira kuvandudzwa kwegraphite electrode yepfupi-process EAF. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mabhizinesi anotungamira mumunda wegraphite electrode anofanirwa kutariswa.
6. mazano engozi
Chikamu chemagetsi ekugadzira simbi muChina hachina kuita sezvaitarisirwa, uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa zve graphite electrode unochinja zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2021