Isu tinoashandisa kukupa iwe chiitiko chakanakisa. Kana ukaramba uchishandisa webhusaiti yedu, isu tichafunga kuti iwe unofara kugamuchira makuki ese pane ino webhusaiti.
Kambani yeOiri yekuItaly Eni irikudyara madhora miriyoni makumi mashanu muCommonwealth Fusion Systems, iyo MIT spinout iri kushandirapamwe neInstitute mukuvandudza magineti makuru ekugadzira zero-carbon simba mukuyedza simba rekubatanidza rinonzi SPARC. Julian Turner anowana yakaderera kubva kuna CEO Robert Mumgaard.
Mukati medzimba dzakacheneswa dzeMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) shanduko yesimba iri kuitika. Mushure memakumi emakore ekufambira mberi, masayendisiti anotenda kuti simba rekubatanidza rakagadzirira kutora zuva raro uye kuti gireyiti tsvene yesimba risingaperi, risina kupisa, zero-carbon simba rinogona kusvika.
Italy simba hofori Eni anogovera tarisiro iyi, nekudyara €50m ($62m) muchirongwa chekubatana neMIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) nekambani yakazvimirira Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), ine chinangwa chekukurumidza-kutevera fusion simba pagridi. mumakore gumi nemashanu.
Kudzora fusion, iyo nzira inopa simba zuva nenyeredzi, inomiswa nedambudziko rekare: nepo tsika yacho ichiburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba, inogona chete kuitwa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwemamiriyoni emadhigirii Celsius, kupisa kupfuura pakati penzvimbo. zuva, uye kuchipisa zvakanyanya zvekuti chero chinhu chakasimba hachigone kumira.
Nekuda kwedambudziko rekuvharirwa kwemafuta ekusanganiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya aya, kuedza kwemagetsi ekubatanidza, kusvika parizvino, kwave kuita kushomeka, kuburitsa simba shoma pane rinodiwa kuchengetedza kuita kwefusion, uye nekudaro havakwanise kugadzira magetsi ekushandisa. grid.
“Nzvero yeFusion yakanzverwa zvakafara mumakumi amakore anoverengeka apfuura, zvichiguma nokufambira mberi mukunzwisisa kwesayenzi nounyanzvi hwokugadzira simba rokusanganisa,” anodaro CEO weCFS Robert Mumgaard.
"CFS iri kushambadzira fusion ichishandisa nzira yepamusoro-soro, kwatiri kugadzira magineti matsva ekugadzira midziyo midiki yekubatanidza tichishandisa nzira imwechete yefizikisi sezvirongwa zvakakura zvehurumende. Kuita izvi, CFS inoshanda pamwe chete neMIT muchirongwa chekubatana, kutanga nekugadzira magineti matsva.
Iyo SPARC mudziyo unoshandisa simba remagineti kubata panzvimbo inopisa plasma - gaseous soup ye subbatomic particles - kudzivirira kuti isasangana nechero chikamu cheiyo donut-shaped vacuum chamber.
"Chinetso chikuru ndechekugadzira plasma mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuti fusion iitike kuitira kuti ibudise simba rakawanda kupfuura rinopedza," anotsanangura Mumgaard. "Izvi zvinotsamira zvakanyanya pane subfield yefizikisi inozivikanwa seplasma fizikisi."
Iyi compact test yakagadzirirwa kuburitsa 100MW yekupisa mumasekondi gumi, simba rakawanda sekushandiswa neguta diki. Asi, sezvo PARC iri kuyedza, haizosanganisire masisitimu ekushandura simba rekubatanidza kuita magetsi.
Masayendisiti kuMIT anotarisira kuburitsa kuve rakapetwa kaviri simba rinoshandiswa kupisa plasma, pakupedzisira kuzadzisa chekupedzisira chehunyanzvi chiitiko: yakanaka mambure simba kubva mukusanganiswa.
"Kusanganiswa kunoitika mukati meplasma yakabatwa panzvimbo uye yakavharidzirwa uchishandisa magineti," anodaro Mumgaard. “Izvi zvakangofanana nebhodhoro remagineti. Simba remagineti rine hukama hwakasimba nekugona kwegomba remagineti kuvhara plasma kuitira kuti isvike kusanganisa mamiriro.
“Nekudaro, kana tikakwanisa kugadzira magineti akasimba tinogona kugadzira maplasma anogona kupisa uye kuomarara tichishandisa simba shoma kuitsigira. Uye nemaplasmas ari nani isu tinogona kuita kuti zvishandiso zvidiki uye zvinogoneka kuvaka nekuvandudza.
"Nekupisa kwepamusoro-tembiricha superconductors, isu tine chishandiso chitsva chekugadzira yakanyanya-simba remagineti minda, uye nekudaro ari nani uye madiki magineti mabhodhoro. Isu tinotenda kuti izvi zvichatiita kuti tiwedzere kusanganisa. "
Mumgaard arikureva chizvarwa chitsva chemagetsi magineti makuru ane simba rekuburitsa simba remagineti rakasimba zvakapetwa kaviri pane rinoshandiswa mune chero kuyedza fusion iripo, zvichiita kuti simba riwedzere kakapetwa kagumi muhukuru pahukuru.
Yakagadzirwa kubva kusimbi tepi yakavharwa nekomboni inonzi yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), iwo magineti matsva ekugadzirisa anogonesa SPARC kuburitsa simba rekusanganisa rinosvika chikamu chimwe muzvishanu cheITER asi mumudziyo unongoita 1/65 chete. volume.
Nekudzikisa saizi, mutengo, nguva uye kuomarara kwesangano kunodiwa kuvaka mambure emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, magineti eYBCO anogonesa nzira nyowani dzedzidzo uye dzekutengesa, kusanganisa simba.
"SPARC neITER ese ari maviri tokamaks, imwe mhando yebhodhoro remagineti yakavakirwa pane yakakura sainzi yekuvandudza fizikisi yeplasma mumakumi emakore," Mumgaard anotsanangura.
"SPARC ichashandisa chizvarwa chinotevera chepamusoro-tembiricha superconductor (HTS) magineti anobvumira kune yakakwira magineti, ichipa iyo yakanangwa fusion kuita pahukuru hudiki.
"Isu tinotenda ichi chichava chinhu chakakosha pakuita fusion panguva ine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze uye chigadzirwa chinokwezva hupfumi."
Panyaya yenguva uye kutengeserana kwekutengesa, SPARC ishanduko yedhizaini tokamak iyo yakadzidzwa nekunatswa kwemakumi emakore, kusanganisira basa kuMIT iro rakatanga muma1970s.
Chiyedzo cheSPARC chine chinangwa chekuvhura nzira yekutanga pasirese yechokwadi fusion magetsi emagetsi anokwana 200MW emagetsi, anoenzaniswa neakawanda ekutengesa magetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Pasinei nekusatenda kwakapararira pamusoro pesimba refusion - Eni ane chiono chekumberi chekuve kambani yekutanga yemafuta epasi rose kuisa mari yakawanda mairi - vamiriri vanotenda kuti nzira iyi inogona kusangana nechikamu chikuru chesimba rinokura repasirese, ukuwo ichicheka. greenhouse gasi kubuda.
Iyo diki chiyero inogoneswa neiyo nyowani superconducting magineti inogona kugonesa inokurumidza, yakachipa nzira yemagetsi kubva kune fusion simba pane grid.
Eni inofungidzira kuti ichadhura madhora bhiriyoni matatu kugadzira 200MW fusion reactor panosvika 2033. Chirongwa cheITER, mubatanidzwa pakati peEurope, US, China, India, Japan, Russia neSouth Korea, inopfuura hafu yechinangwa chayo chekutanga super super. -inopisa plasma bvunzo ne2025 uye yekutanga-yakazara-simba fusion ne2035, uye ine bhajeti inotenderedza €20bn. Sezvakaita PARC, ITER yakagadzirirwa kusaburitsa magetsi.
Saka, negedhi reUS richisimuka kubva kune monolithic 2GW-3GW marasha kana fission magetsi emagetsi akananga kune ayo ari mu100MW-500MW renji, simba rekubatanidza rinogona kukwikwidza mumusika wakaoma - uye, kana zvakadaro, rinhi?
“Kuchine tsvakurudzo inofanira kuitwa, asi matambudziko anozivikanwa, hutsva hutsva huri kuratidza nzira yekukurumidzira zvinhu, vatambi vatsva vakaita seCFS vari kuunza pfungwa yezvokutengeserana kumatambudziko uye sainzi yekutanga yakura,” anodaro Mumgaard.
"Isu tinotenda kuti fusion iri pedyo kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji. Ramba wakatarisa." jQuery( gwaro ).ready(function() {/* Makambani carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ dots: true, infinite: true, speed: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondend', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: true });
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Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-18-2019