Ihame ryakazi nibyiza bya hydrogène yama selile

Cell ni ubwoko bwigikoresho cyo guhindura ingufu, gishobora guhindura ingufu zamashanyarazi ya lisansi mumashanyarazi. Yitwa selile selile kuko nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi gikora amashanyarazi hamwe na bateri. Ingirabuzimafatizo ikoresha hydrogene nka lisansi ni selile ya hydrogène. Ingirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène irashobora kumvikana nkigisubizo cya electrolysis y'amazi muri hydrogène na ogisijeni. Uburyo bwa reaction ya selile ya hydrogène isukuye kandi neza. Amavuta ya hydrogène ntagarukira kuri 42% yubushyuhe bwa Carnot cycle ikoreshwa muri moteri yimodoka gakondo, kandi imikorere irashobora kugera kuri 60%.

Bitandukanye na roketi, selile ya hydrogène itanga ingufu za kinetic binyuze mumikorere ikaze ya hydrogène na ogisijeni yaka, kandi ikarekura ingufu za Gibbs muri hydrogène ikoresheje ibikoresho bya catalitiki. Gibbs imbaraga zubusa nimbaraga zamashanyarazi zirimo entropiya nibindi bitekerezo. Ihame ryakazi rya selile ya hydrogène ni uko hydrogène ibora mo hydrogène ion (ni ukuvuga proton) na electron binyuze muri catalizator (Platinum) muri electrode nziza ya selile. Amazi ya hydrogène anyura muri proton yo guhanahana ibintu kuri electrode mbi na ogisijeni ikora kugirango ihinduke amazi nubushyuhe, kandi electron zihuye nazo ziva muri electrode nziza zerekeza kuri electrode mbi zinyuze mumuzinga wo hanze kugirango zitange ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Muriigitoro cya peteroli, reaction ya hydrogène na ogisijeni irakorwa, kandi hariho ihererekanyabubasha mubikorwa, bikavamo ikigezweho. Muri icyo gihe, hydrogène ikora na ogisijeni kugirango itange amazi.
Nka pisine yimiti, urufunguzo rwikoranabuhanga rwibanze rwa lisansi ni "proton exchange membrane". Impande zombi za firime zegereye urwego rwa catalizator kugirango ibore hydrogene mo ion zashizwemo. Kubera ko molekile ya hydrogène ari nto, hydrogène itwara electron irashobora kunyerera ikanyura mu mwobo muto wa firime. Nyamara, mugihe cya hydrogène itwara electron zinyura mu mwobo wa firime, electron ziyambuwe kuri molekile, hasigara gusa protone ya hydrogène yuzuye neza kugirango igere kurundi ruhande binyuze muri firime.
Hydrogen protonzikururwa na electrode kurundi ruhande rwa firime igahuza na molekile ya ogisijeni. Isahani ya electrode kumpande zombi za firime yagabanyijemo hydrogene mo ion nziza ya hydrogène na electron, hanyuma igabanya ogisijeni muri atome ya ogisijeni kugira ngo ifate electron ikayihindura ion ya ogisijeni (amashanyarazi mabi). Electron ikora umuyoboro hagati yamasahani ya electrode, na ion ebyiri za hydrogène na ion imwe ya ogisijeni ikomatanya gukora amazi, ikaba “imyanda” yonyine mugikorwa cyo kubyitwaramo. Mubyukuri, inzira yose yimikorere ninzira yo kubyara ingufu. Hamwe niterambere rya okiside, electroni zihora zihererekanwa kugirango zikore icyerekezo gisabwa kugirango utware imodoka.