Kuki Silicon nka chip ya semiconductor?

Igice cya kabiri ni ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe bwicyumba kiri hagati yuwuyobora na insulator. Kimwe n'insinga z'umuringa mubuzima bwa buri munsi, insinga ya aluminium nuyobora, na rubber ni insulator. Duhereye ku buryo bwo gutwara ibintu: igice cya kabiri cyerekeza ku cyerekezo gishobora kugenzurwa, kuva kuri insulator kugeza ku kiyobora.

Mubihe byambere bya chipi ya semiconductor, silicon ntabwo yari umukinnyi nyamukuru, germanium yari. Transistor ya mbere yari transistor ya germanium naho chip ya mbere yumuzunguruko ni chip ya germanium.

Nyamara, germanium ifite ibibazo bimwe bigoye cyane, nkinenge nyinshi zintera muri semiconductor, kutagira ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe nubucucike budahagije bwa oxyde. Byongeye kandi, germanium nikintu kidasanzwe, ibiri mubutaka bwisi ni ibice 7 gusa kuri miriyoni, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryamabuye ya germanium nayo iratatanye cyane. Nukuri kuberako germanium idasanzwe, ikwirakwizwa ntabwo ryibanze, bivamo igiciro kinini cyibikoresho fatizo bya germanium; Ibintu ntibisanzwe, ibiciro byibanze ni byinshi, kandi transistor ya germanium ntabwo ihendutse ahantu hose, bityo transistor ya germanium iragoye kubyara umusaruro.

Abashakashatsi rero, intumbero yubushakashatsi yasimbutse urwego rumwe, bareba silicon. Turashobora kuvuga ko inenge zose zavutse za germanium aribyiza byavutse bya silicon.

1, silicon nikintu cya kabiri cyinshi cyane nyuma ya ogisijeni, ariko ntushobora kubona silikoni muri kamere, ibiyigize byinshi ni silika na silicates. Silica ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize umucanga. Mubyongeyeho, feldspar, granite, quartz nibindi bikoresho bishingiye kuri silicon-ogisijeni.

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3. Okiside ya Silicon ntishobora gushonga mumazi (okiside ya germanium ntishobora gushonga mumazi) kandi ntishobora gushonga muri acide nyinshi, ubwo ni tekinoroji yo gucapura ruswa yibibaho byacapwe. Ibicuruzwa byahujwe nuburyo bwimikorere yumuzunguruko bikomeza kugeza nubu.