Ubushinwa nigihugu gifite ubutaka bunini, ubutumburuke bw’amabuye y'agaciro ya geologiya, ubutunzi bwuzuye bwuzuye nubutunzi bwinshi. Numutungo munini wamabuye yumutungo wacyo.
Duhereye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubutatu butatu bukomeye ku isi bwinjiye mu Bushinwa, bityo amabuye y'agaciro ni menshi, kandi amabuye y'agaciro aruzuye. Ubushinwa bwavumbuye amoko 171 y’amabuye y'agaciro, muri yo 156 akaba yarabigaragaje, kandi agaciro kayo kaza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi.
Dukurikije ibigega byemejwe, mu Bushinwa hari ubwoko 45 bw’amabuye y'agaciro yiganje. Bimwe mu bigega byamabuye y'agaciro ni byinshi cyane, nk'ibyuma bidasanzwe byo ku isi, tungsten, amabati, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, sulfure, magnesite, boron, amakara, n'ibindi, byose bikaba biri ku isonga ry'isi. Muri byo, ubwoko butanu bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni bwo bwa mbere ku isi. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
1. Amabuye ya Tungsten
Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite umutungo wa tungsten ukize cyane kwisi. Hariho amabuye y'agaciro 252 yemejwe yatanzwe mu ntara 23 (uturere). Ku bijyanye n'intara (uturere), Hunan (cyane cyane scheelite) na Jiangxi (amabuye y'umukara-tungsten) nini cyane, aho ibigega bingana na 33.8% na 20.7% by'ubukungu rusange bw'igihugu; Henan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, nibindi Intara (akarere) ni iya kabiri.
Ahantu hacukurwa amabuye ya tungsten harimo Hunan Shizhuyuan Tungsten Mine, Umusozi wa Jiangxi Xihua, Umusozi wa Daji, Umusozi wa Pangu, Umusozi wa Guimei, Mine ya Guangdong Lianhuashan Tungsten, Fujian Luoluokeng Tungsten Mine, Gansu Ta'ergou Tungsten Mine, na Henum Sandaozhuang .
Intara ya Dayu, Intara ya Jiangxi, Ubushinwa n’icyamamare ku isi “Umurwa mukuru wa Tungsten”. Hano hari ibirombe birenga 400 bya tungsten byerekanwe hirya no hino. Nyuma y'intambara ya Opium, Abadage bavumbuye bwa mbere tungsten. Muri kiriya gihe, baguze rwihishwa uburenganzira bwo gucukura amafaranga 500. Nyuma yo kuvumbura abantu bakunda igihugu, bahagurukiye kurinda ibirombe na mine. Nyuma y'imishyikirano myinshi, amaherezo nasubije uburenganzira bwo gucukura amafaranga 1.000 mu 1908 maze nkusanya inkunga yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Nibikorwa byambere byiterambere rya tungsten muri Weinan.
Intangarugero nicyitegererezo cya Dangping tungsten, Intara ya Dayu, Intara ya Jiangxi
Icya kabiri, ubutare bwa antimoni
锑 nicyuma cya silver-cyera nicyuma kirwanya ruswa. Uruhare nyamukuru rwa niobium mu mavuta ni ukongera ubukana, bakunze kwita gukomera ku byuma cyangwa ibivangwa.
Ubushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu byavumbuye kandi bigakoresha amabuye y'agaciro mbere. Mu bitabo bya kera nka "Hanshu ibiryo n'ibiribwa" na "Amateka Yamateka", hariho inyandiko zo guhangana. Icyo gihe, ntibitwaga 锑, ariko bitwaga “Lianxi.” Nyuma y'Ubushinwa bushya, hashyizweho ubushakashatsi bunini bwa geologiya no guteza imbere ikirombe cya Yankuang, maze hategurwa itanura ry’imyunyu ngugu ya sulphide ya sulfide yibitseho itanura. Ubushinwa bw’amabuye y’amabuye y’ibicuruzwa n’umusaruro biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga, umusaruro w’icyuma cyitwa bismuth gifite isuku nyinshi (harimo 99,999%) hamwe n’ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, byerekana urwego rwo hejuru ku isi.
Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite umutungo munini wa plutonium ku isi, bingana na 52% by’isi yose. Hariho ibirombe 171 bizwi bya Yankuang, bikwirakwizwa cyane muri Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou na Gansu. Ububiko rusange bw'intara esheshatu bwagize 87.2% by'umutungo wose wagaragaye. Intara ifite ibigega byinshi 锑 umutungo ni Hunan. Umujyi w’amazi akonje yo muri iyo ntara nicyo kirombe kinini cya antimoni ku isi, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’umusaruro w’igihugu.
Uyu mutungo w’Amerika ushingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa kandi bifite agaciro kuruta isi idasanzwe. Bivugwa ko 60% bya Yankuang bitumizwa muri Amerika biva mu Bushinwa. Uko Ubushinwa buhagaze ku rwego mpuzamahanga bugenda bwiyongera, twagiye tumenya uburenganzira bwo kuvuga. Mu 2002, Ubushinwa bwasabye gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga Yankuang, no gufata neza umutungo mu biganza byayo. Muri, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere ryigihugu cyabo.
Icya gatatu, bentonite
Bentonite ni ubutunzi bw'agaciro butari ubutare, bugizwe ahanini na montmorillonite ifite imiterere. Kuberako bentonite ifite urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane nko kubyimba, adsorption, guhagarikwa, gutatanya, guhana ion, gutuza, thixotropy, nibindi, ifite imikoreshereze irenga 1000, bityo ifite izina ry "ibumba rusange"; irashobora gutunganyirizwa muri Adhesives, guhagarika ibintu, imiti ya thixotropique, catalizator, ibisobanuro, adsorbents, abatwara imiti, nibindi bikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye kandi bizwi nk "ibikoresho rusange".
Umutungo wa bentonite w'Ubushinwa urakize cyane, ufite umutungo uteganijwe kurenga toni zisaga miliyari 7. Iraboneka muburyo butandukanye bwa calcium ishingiye kuri bentonite na sodium ishingiye kuri bentonite, kimwe na hydrogène ishingiye kuri aluminiyumu, soda-calcium ishingiye kuri bentonite. Ububiko bwa sodium bentonite ni toni miliyoni 586.334, bingana na 24% byububiko bwose; ibiteganijwe kuzaba sodium bentonite ni toni miliyoni 351.586; ubwoko bwa aluminium na hydrogen usibye calcium na sodium bentonite bingana na 42%.
Icya kane, titanium
Ku bijyanye n’ibigega, ukurikije ibigereranyo, umutungo wa ilmenite na rutile ku isi urenga toni miliyari 2, naho ububiko bukoreshwa mu bukungu ni toni miliyoni 770. Mubintu bisobanutse kwisi yose yibikoresho bya titanium, ilmenite ihwanye na 94%, naho ibindi ni rutile. Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu gifite ibigega byinshi bya ilmenite, bifite toni miliyoni 220, bingana na 28,6% by’ubukungu bw’isi. Ositaraliya, Ubuhinde na Afurika y'Epfo biri ku mwanya wa kabiri kugeza ku wa kane. Ku bijyanye n’umusaruro, bane ba mbere ku isi mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya titanium mu 2016 ni Afurika y'Epfo, Ubushinwa, Ositaraliya na Mozambike.
Ikwirakwizwa rya titanium kwisi yose muri 2016
Ubucukuzi bwa titanium mu Bushinwa bukwirakwizwa mu ntara zirenga 10 no mu turere twigenga. Ubutare bwa titanium ahanini ni ubutare bwa titanium, ubutare bwa rutile na ilmenite ubutare muri vanadium-titanium magnetite. Titanium muri vanadium-titanium magnetite ikorerwa cyane cyane mukarere ka Panzhihua ya Sichuan. Ibirombe bya Rutile bikorerwa cyane cyane muri Hubei, Henan, Shanxi no mu zindi ntara. Ubutare bwa Ilmenite bukorerwa cyane cyane muri Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi no mu zindi ntara (uturere). Ibigega bya TiO2 bya ilmenite ni toni miliyoni 357, biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
Gatanu, ubutare budasanzwe
Ubushinwa nigihugu kinini gifite ubutunzi budasanzwe bwubutaka. Ntabwo ikungahaye ku bubiko gusa, ahubwo ifite ibyiza byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro hamwe n’ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubutaka budasanzwe no gukwirakwiza neza amabuye y’amabuye, bikaba umusingi ukomeye w’iterambere ry’inganda zidasanzwe z’Ubushinwa.
Amabuye y'agaciro y’ubushinwa adasanzwe arimo: Baiyun Ebo ikirombe cy’ubutaka kidasanzwe, Shandong Weishan ikirombe kidasanzwe cy’ubutaka, Suining ikirombe cy’ubutaka kidasanzwe, Jiangxi ikirere cy’ibishishwa byangiza ubwoko bw’ubutaka budasanzwe, ikirombe cya Hunan brown trout hamwe n’umucanga wo ku nkombe ku nkombe ndende.
Ubutaka bwa Baiyun Obo budasanzwe ni symbiotic hamwe nicyuma. Amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe yisi ni fluorocarbon antimony ore na monazite. Ikigereranyo ni 3: 1, kigeze ku ntera idasanzwe yo kugarura isi. Kubwibyo, byitwa amabuye avanze. Ubutaka budasanzwe REO ni toni miliyoni 35, bingana na toni miliyoni 35. 38% by'ububiko bw'isi ni ikirombe kinini cyane ku isi.
Ubutaka budasanzwe bwa Weishan hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe bwa Suining bugizwe ahanini nubutare bwa bastnasite, buherekejwe na barite, nibindi, kandi biroroshye guhitamo ubutare budasanzwe.
Jiangxi ikirere gikonjesha ubutare budasanzwe ni ubwoko bushya bwubutaka budasanzwe. Gushonga no gushonga biroroshye byoroshye, kandi birimo isi yoroheje kandi iremereye. Nubwoko bwubutaka budasanzwe hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhatanira isoko.
Umusenyi wo ku nkombe z'Ubushinwa nawo urakungahaye cyane. Inkombe z'inyanja y'Ubushinwa y'Amajyepfo hamwe n'inkombe z'ikirwa cya Hainan n'ikirwa cya Tayiwani zishobora kwitwa inkombe ya zahabu yo mu mucanga wo ku nkombe. Hano hari umucanga wa kijyambere wimyanda hamwe nubucukuzi bwa kera bwumucanga, muribyo bivurwa na monazite na xenotime. Umusenyi wo ku nyanja ugarurwa nkibicuruzwa iyo ugaruye ilmenite na zircon.
Nubwo ubutare bw’Ubushinwa bukize cyane, ariko abantu ni 58% by’abatuye isi ku isi, baza ku mwanya wa 53 ku isi. Ibiranga umutungo wubushinwa biranga ubukene kandi biragoye gucukura, biragoye guhitamo, biragoye gucukura. Byinshi mubibitse bifite ububiko bwagaragaye bwa bauxite nandi mabuye manini ni ubutare bubi. Byongeye kandi, amabuye y'agaciro asumba ayandi nka tungsten amabuye arakoreshwa cyane, kandi menshi muri yo akoreshwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, bigatuma ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’amabuye y'agaciro no gutakaza umutungo. Ni nkenerwa kongera ingufu mu gukosora, kurinda umutungo, kwemeza iterambere, no gushyiraho ijwi ryisi yose mumabuye y'agaciro yiganje. Inkomoko: Guhana amabuye y'agaciro
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2019