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Turamenyesha ingaruka zidasanzwe zifotora muri YBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) ceramic hagati ya 50 na 300 K iterwa no kumurika ubururu-laser, ibyo bikaba bifitanye isano itaziguye na superconductivity ya YBCO hamwe na YBCO-metallic electrode. Hariho polarite ihindagurika kumashanyarazi afunguye ya Voc hamwe numuyoboro mugufi wa Isc mugihe YBCO ihuye ninzibacyuho iva mumashanyarazi ikajya muri reta irwanya. Twerekana ko hariho imbaraga z'amashanyarazi hejuru ya superconductor-isanzwe isanzwe yicyuma, itanga imbaraga zo gutandukanya ifoto-iterwa na electron-umwobo. Isohora ryimbere riyobora kuva YBCO kuri electrode yicyuma mugihe YBCO irengereye kandi igahinduka muburyo bunyuranye iyo YBCO ibaye idakora neza. Inkomoko yubushobozi irashobora guhuzwa byoroshye ningaruka zo kuba hafi yicyuma-superconductor mugihe YBCO irenze urugero kandi agaciro kayo kagereranijwe ko ari ~ 10-8 mV kuri 50 K hamwe na laser ifite ubukana bwa 502 mW / cm2. Gukomatanya ibintu byubwoko bwa p YBCO kumiterere isanzwe hamwe n-ibikoresho n-Ag-paste ikora ihuriro rya quasi-pn ishinzwe imyitwarire yifoto yumubumbyi wa YBCO mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi birashobora gutanga inzira yuburyo bushya bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki kandi bigatanga urumuri ku ngaruka zegeranye kuri superconductor-metal interface.
Umuvuduko ukomoka ku mafoto mu mashanyarazi arenze urugero byavuzwe mu ntangiriro ya za 90 kandi bigakorwaho ubushakashatsi kuva icyo gihe, nyamara imiterere n'imikorere byayo ntibikemuka1,2,3,4,5. YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) firime yoroheje 6,7,8, byumwihariko, yizwe cyane muburyo bwa selile yifotora (PV) kubera icyuho cyayo gishobora guhinduka 9,10,11,12,13. Nyamara, kurwanya kwinshi kwa substrate burigihe biganisha kumikorere mike yo guhindura imikorere kandi igahisha ibintu bya PV yibanze bya YBCO8. Hano twatangaje ingaruka zidasanzwe zifotora zatewe nubururu-laser (λ = 450 nm) kumurika muri YBa2Cu3O6.96 (YBCO) ceramic hagati ya 50 na 300 K (Tc ~ 90 K). Twerekana ko ingaruka za PV zifitanye isano itaziguye na superconductivity ya YBCO n'imiterere ya YBCO-metallic electrode yimbere. Hariho polarite ihindagurika kumashanyarazi afunguye ya Voc hamwe numuyoboro mugufi wa Isc mugihe YBCO ihuye ninzibacyuho iva mubyiciro birenze urugero ikajya muri reta irwanya. Birasabwa ko habaho imbaraga z'amashanyarazi murwego rwo hejuru rwicyuma gisanzwe, gitanga imbaraga zo gutandukanya ifoto-iterwa na electron-umwobo. Isohora rishobora kuva kuri YBCO kugera kuri electrode yicyuma mugihe YBCO irengereye kandi igahinduka muburyo bunyuranye mugihe icyitegererezo kiba kidakora neza. Inkomoko yubushobozi irashobora kuba isanzwe ifitanye isano ningaruka zegeranye 14,15,16,17 kumurongo wicyuma-superconductor mugihe YBCO irenze urugero kandi agaciro kayo kangana na ~ 10−8 mV kuri 50 K hamwe na laser ubukana bwa 502 mW / cm2. Gukomatanya ibintu byubwoko bwa p YBCO muburyo busanzwe hamwe n-ubwoko bwibikoresho Ag-paste, birashoboka cyane, ihuriro rya quasi-pn rishinzwe imyitwarire ya PV yububumbyi bwa YBCO mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibyo twabonye bitanga urumuri rwinshi ku nkomoko yingaruka za PV mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bukabije bwa YBCO ceramics kandi bigatanga inzira yo kuyikoresha mubikoresho bya optoelectronic nkibikoresho byihuta byerekana urumuri nibindi.
Igishushanyo 1a - c cyerekana ko ibiranga IV biranga icyitegererezo cya YBCO ceramic kuri 50 K. Hatabayeho kumurika urumuri, voltage hejuru yicyitegererezo iguma kuri zeru hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’umuyaga, nkuko biteganijwe ku bikoresho birenze urugero. Ingaruka igaragara ya Photovoltaque igaragara mugihe urumuri rwa laser rwerekejwe kuri cathode (Igishusho 1a): umurongo wa IV ugereranije na I-axis ujya hepfo hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa laser. Biragaragara ko hariho ifoto itari nziza iterwa na voltage kabone niyo yaba idafite amashanyarazi (bakunze kwita gufungura amashanyarazi ya Voc). Umusozi wa zeru wa IV umurongo werekana ko icyitegererezo kikiri munsi ya laser yamurika.
(a - c) na 300 K (e - g). Indangagaciro za V (I) zabonetse mugukuraho umuyaga kuva kuri −10 mA kugeza kuri +10 mA mu cyuho. Gusa igice cyamakuru yubushakashatsi gitangwa kugirango bisobanuke. a, Ibiriho-voltage biranga YBCO yapimwe na laser umwanya uhagaze kuri cathode (i). Imirongo yose ya IV ni umurongo ugororotse werekana icyitegererezo kiracyari hejuru ya lazeri ya laser. Umurongo ugenda umanuka hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa laser, byerekana ko hariho ubushobozi bubi (Voc) hagati ya voltage zombi ziyobora ndetse na zeru zeru. Imirongo ya IV ntigihinduka mugihe laser yerekejwe hagati yicyitegererezo kuri ether 50 K (b) cyangwa 300 K (f). Umurongo utambitse uzamuka nkuko anode imurikirwa (c). Igishushanyo mbonera cyicyuma-superconductor ihuza kuri 50 K irerekanwa muri d. Ibiranga-voltage biranga leta isanzwe YBCO kuri 300 K yapimwe na laser beam yerekanwe kuri cathode na anode bitangwa muri e na g. Bitandukanye n'ibisubizo kuri 50 K, umurongo utari zeru kumurongo ugororotse werekana ko YBCO imeze mubisanzwe; indangagaciro za Voc ziratandukanye nuburemere bwurumuri muburyo butandukanye, byerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo gutandukanya amafaranga. Imiterere yimiterere ishoboka kuri 300 K ishushanya muri hj Ishusho nyayo yicyitegererezo hamwe nuyobora.
YBCO ikungahaye kuri Oxygene mu buryo budasanzwe irashobora gukurura urumuri rwinshi rw'izuba bitewe n'imbaraga nkeya cyane (Eg) 9,10, bityo bigatuma habaho ibice bibiri bya elegitoroniki (e - h). Kugirango habeho uruziga rwumuzunguruko wa Voc ukoresheje fotone, birakenewe gutandukanya mu buryo butandukanye ifoto yakozwe na eh ebyiri mbere yuko recombination ibaho18. Voc itari nziza, ugereranije na cathode na anode nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1i, yerekana ko hariho imbaraga z'amashanyarazi hakurya y'icyuma-superconductor, ikuramo electron kuri anode no mu mwobo kuri cathode. Niba aribyo, hagomba no kubaho ubushobozi bwerekana kuva superconductor kugera kuri electrode yicyuma kuri anode. Kubwibyo, Voc nziza yaboneka mugihe icyitegererezo hafi ya anode kimurikirwa. Byongeye kandi, ntihakagombye kubaho voltage iterwa nifoto mugihe ikibanza cya laser cyerekanwe ahantu kure ya electrode. Nibyo rwose nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1b, c!.
Iyo urumuri rwimutse ruva kuri electrode ya cathode igana hagati yicyitegererezo (hafi mm 1,25 usibye intera), nta guhindagurika kwimirongo ya IV kandi nta Voc ishobora kugaragara hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa lazeri kugeza ku giciro kinini kiboneka (Ishusho 1b) . Mubisanzwe, iki gisubizo kirashobora kwitwa igihe gito cyubuzima bwabatwara amafoto no kubura imbaraga zo gutandukana murugero. Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki birashobora gushirwaho igihe cyose icyitegererezo kimurikirwa, ariko ibyinshi muri e-h bizarimburwa kandi nta ngaruka zifotora zigaragara niba ikibanza cya laser kiguye ahantu kure ya electrode. Kwimura ikibanza cya laser kuri electrode ya anode, umurongo wa IV ugereranije na I-axis igenda hejuru hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa laser (Ishusho 1c). Ibisa nkibi byubatswe mumashanyarazi bibaho mubyuma-superconductor ihuza kuri anode. Nyamara, ibyuma bya electrode byuma bihuza icyerekezo cyiza cya sisitemu yikizamini iki gihe. Ibyobo byakozwe na laser bisunikwa kuri anode bityo rero Voc ikagaragara. Ibisubizo byatanzwe hano biratanga ibimenyetso bifatika byerekana ko hariho rwose intera ishobora kwerekana kuva kuri superconductor kugeza kuri electrode yicyuma.
Ingaruka ya Photovoltaque muri YBa2Cu3O6.96 ceramics kuri 300 K irerekanwa mumashusho 1e - g. Nta kumurika urumuri, IV umurongo wikitegererezo ni umurongo ugororotse wambukiranya inkomoko. Uyu murongo ugororotse ujya hejuru ugereranije nu mwimerere hamwe no kongera ingufu za lazeri irasa kuri cathode iyobora (Ishusho 1e). Hariho ibintu bibiri bigabanya inyungu kubikoresho bifotora. Imiterere-yumuzunguruko ibaho iyo V = 0. Ibiriho muriki kibazo byerekanwa nkumuyoboro mugufi (Isc). Urubanza rwa kabiri rugabanya ni urufunguzo rwumuzunguruko (Voc) rubaho iyo R → ∞ cyangwa ikigezweho ni zeru. Igishushanyo 1e cyerekana neza ko Voc ari nziza kandi ikiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera k'umucyo, bitandukanye n'ibisubizo byabonetse kuri 50 K; mugihe Isc itari nziza igaragara kugirango yiyongere mubunini hamwe no kumurika urumuri, imyitwarire isanzwe yizuba risanzwe.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo urumuri rwa lazeri rwerekanwe ahantu kure ya electrode, umurongo wa V (I) ntiwigenga ubukana bwa lazeri kandi nta ngaruka zifotora zagaragaye (Ishusho 1f). Bisa no gupimwa kuri 50 K, umurongo wa IV ujya mucyerekezo gitandukanye na electrode ya anode irasa (Ishusho 1g). Ibisubizo byose byabonetse kuriyi sisitemu ya YBCO-Ag kuri 300 K hamwe na laser irasa kumyanya itandukanye yicyitegererezo irahuza nubushobozi bwa interineti butandukanye nibyagaragaye kuri 50 K.
Byinshi muri electroni byegeranye muri Cooper ebyiri mugutwara YBCO munsi yubushyuhe bwayo bwinzibacyuho Tc. Mugihe muri electrode yicyuma, electron zose ziguma muburyo bumwe. Hano hari ubunini bunini bwa elegitoronike imwe hamwe na Cooper ebyiri hafi yicyuma-superconductor interface. Ubwinshi bwabatwara electroni imwe mubikoresho byuma bizakwirakwira mukarere ka super super, mugihe abatwara benshi Cooper-babiri mukarere ka YBCO bazakwirakwira mukarere ka cyuma. Nkuko Cooper ebyiri zitwara amafaranga menshi kandi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kuruta electroni imwe ikwirakwira kuva YBCO mukarere ka metallic, atome zashizwemo neza zisigara inyuma, bikavamo umurima wamashanyarazi mukarere gashinzwe umwanya. Icyerekezo cyumurima wamashanyarazi cyerekanwe mubishushanyo mbonera Igishushanyo 1d. Kumurika ibyabaye kuri fotone hafi yakarere gashinzwe kwishyurwa birashobora gukora eh jambo izatandukana kandi igatwarwa ikabyara fotokoreri mucyerekezo-kibogamye. Electron ikimara kuva mumashanyarazi yubatswe, yegeranye mo kabiri hanyuma igatemba kuri electrode yandi nta kurwanywa. Muri iki kibazo, Voc ihabanye na polarite yabanje gushyirwaho kandi ikerekana agaciro keza mugihe urumuri rwa laser rwerekana agace gakikije electrode mbi. Uhereye ku gaciro ka Voc, ubushobozi bushoboka kuri interineti burashobora kugereranywa: intera iri hagati ya voltage ebyiri ziyobora d ni ~ 5 × 10−3 m, uburebure bwicyuma-superconductor interface, di, bigomba kuba byateganijwe nkubunini nkuburebure bwa coherence ya YBCO superconductor (~ 1 nm) 19,20, fata agaciro ka Voc = 0.03 mV, ubushobozi bwa Vms kumurongo wicyuma-superconductor bisuzumwa ko ari ~ 10−11 V kuri 50 K hamwe na laser ubukana bwa 502 mW / cm2, ukoresheje ikigereranyo,
Turashaka gushimangira hano ko voltage iterwa nifoto idashobora gusobanurwa ningaruka zubushyuhe bwamafoto. Byagaragaye mubigeragezo ko coefficente ya Seebeck ya superconductor YBCO ari Ss = 021. Coefficient ya Seebeck kumashanyarazi y'umuringa iri murwego rwa SCu = 0.34–1.15 μV / K3. Ubushyuhe bwinsinga z'umuringa ahantu hashobora gukururwa hashobora kuzamuka hejuru ya 0.06 K hamwe nuburemere ntarengwa bwa lazeri buboneka kuri 50 K. Ibi bishobora kubyara ingufu za termoelektrike ya 6.9 × 10−8 V aribwo butumire butatu buto kuruta Voc yabonetse mu gishushanyo 1 (a). Biragaragara ko ingaruka za termoelektrike ari nto cyane kugirango dusobanure ibisubizo byubushakashatsi. Mubyukuri, ihinduka ryubushyuhe bitewe na lazeri ya laser ryacika mugihe kitarenze umunota umwe kugirango umusanzu uturuka kumuriro urashobora kwirengagizwa neza.
Ingaruka ya Photovoltaque ya YBCO mubushyuhe bwicyumba irerekana ko uburyo butandukanye bwo gutandukanya amafaranga burimo hano. Kurengana YBCO muburyo busanzwe ni p-bwoko bwibikoresho bifite umwobo nkuwitwara 22,23, mugihe Ag-paste metallic ifite ibiranga ibintu n-ubwoko. Kimwe na pn ihuza, ikwirakwizwa rya electron muri paste ya feza nu mwobo muri ceramic YBCO bizakora umurima wamashanyarazi wimbere werekana kuri ceramic YBCO kuri interineti (Ishusho 1h). Uyu murima w'imbere niwo utanga imbaraga zo gutandukana kandi biganisha kuri Voc nziza na Isc mbi kuri sisitemu ya paste ya YBCO-Ag mubushyuhe bwicyumba, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1e. Ubundi, Ag-YBCO irashobora gukora p-ubwoko bwa Schottky ihuza nayo iganisha ku bushobozi bushoboka hamwe na polarite imwe nki cyitegererezo cyatanzwe hejuru24.
Kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku buryo burambuye bw’ubwihindurize bw’imiterere ya fotovoltaque mugihe cyinzibacyuho ya YBCO, umurongo wa IV wikitegererezo kuri 80 K wapimwe nimbaraga za lazeri zatoranijwe zimurika kuri electrode ya cathode (Ishusho 2). Hatariho imirasire ya laser, voltage hejuru yicyitegererezo ikomeza kuri zeru utitaye kubigezweho, byerekana imiterere yikirenga yicyitegererezo kuri 80 K (Ishusho 2a). Bisa namakuru yabonetse kuri 50 K, IV umurongo ugereranije na I-axis igenda hepfo hamwe no kongera ingufu za laser kugeza igihe agaciro gakomeye Pc igeze. Hejuru yiyi mbaraga zikomeye za lazeri (Pc), superconductor ihura ninzibacyuho iva mucyiciro cyikirenga ikagera ku cyiciro cyo kurwanya; voltage itangira kwiyongera hamwe nubu kubera isura yo guhangana muri superconductor. Nkigisubizo, umurongo wa IV utangira guhuza na I-axis na V-axis biganisha kuri Voc itari nziza na Isc nziza mbere. Noneho icyitegererezo gisa nkaho kiri muburyo budasanzwe aho polarite ya Voc na Isc yumva cyane ubukana bwurumuri; hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshi mubucyo bwumucyo Isc ihindurwa ikava mubyiza ikajya mubi naho Voc ikava mubyiza ikagira agaciro keza, ikanyura inkomoko (sensibilité yo hejuru yibintu bifotora, cyane cyane agaciro ka Isc, kumurika urumuri birashobora kugaragara neza mubishusho. 2b). Ku busumbane bukabije bwa laser iboneka, umurongo wa IV urateganya kubangikanya, bisobanura imiterere isanzwe yicyitegererezo cya YBCO.
Ikibanza cya laser gishyizwe hafi ya cathode electrode (reba Ishusho 1i). a, IV imirongo ya YBCO irabagirana hamwe nuburemere butandukanye bwa laser. b. Indangagaciro za Isc ntizishobora kuboneka mubucucike buke (<110 mW / cm2) kubera ko umurongo wa IV ugereranije na I-axis mugihe icyitegererezo kiri mumashanyarazi. b (hepfo), kurwanya itandukaniro nkigikorwa cyo gukomera kwa laser.
Ububasha bwa laser bushingiye kuri Voc na Isc kuri 80 K bwerekanwe kumashusho 2b (hejuru). Imiterere ya Photovoltaque irashobora kuganirwaho mu turere dutatu twinshi twinshi. Agace ka mbere kari hagati ya 0 na Pc, aho YBCO ikora cyane, Voc ni mbi kandi iragabanuka (agaciro kiyongera rwose) hamwe nimbaraga zumucyo kandi zigera byibuze kuri Pc. Agace ka kabiri kava muri Pc kakajya mubindi bikomeye bikomeye P0, aho Voc yiyongera mugihe Isc igabanuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwumucyo kandi byombi bikagera kuri zeru kuri P0. Agace ka gatatu kari hejuru ya P0 kugeza leta isanzwe ya YBCO igeze. Nubwo Voc na Isc byombi bitandukana nuburemere bwumucyo kimwe no mukarere ka 2, bifite polarite itandukanye nuburemere bukomeye P0. Ubusobanuro bwa P0 bushingiye ko nta ngaruka zifotora kandi uburyo bwo gutandukanya amafaranga burahinduka muburyo bunoze. Icyitegererezo cya YBCO gihinduka kidakabije muri uru rwego rwurumuri rwinshi ariko leta isanzwe itaragerwaho.
Ikigaragara ni uko ibiranga Photovoltaque biranga sisitemu bifitanye isano rya bugufi na superconductivity ya YBCO ninzibacyuho yayo. Kurwanya itandukaniro, dV / dI, ya YBCO irerekanwa mumashusho 2b (hepfo) nkigikorwa cyo gukomera kwa laser. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ubushobozi bw-amashanyarazi bushobora kuboneka muri interineti bitewe na Cooper couple ikwirakwiza kuva kuri superconductor kugeza ibyuma. Bisa nibyo byagaragaye kuri 50 K, ingaruka ya Photovoltaque yongerewe imbaraga hamwe no kongera ubukana bwa laser kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri Pc. Iyo ubukana bwa laser bugeze ku gaciro gato hejuru ya Pc, umurongo wa IV utangira guhindagurika no kurwanya icyitegererezo bitangira kugaragara, ariko polarite yubushobozi bwimbere ntabwo ihinduka. Ingaruka zo kwishima za optique kuri superconductivity zarakozweho ubushakashatsi mukarere kagaragara cyangwa hafi ya IR. Mugihe inzira yibanze ari ugusenya ibice bibiri bya Cooper no gusenya superconductivity 25,26, hamwe na hamwe inzibacyuho zidasanzwe zirashobora kongererwa 27,28,29, ibyiciro bishya byikirenga birashobora no guterwa30. Kubura superconductivity kuri Pc birashobora kwitwa ifoto iterwa no gutandukana. Kuri point P0, ubushobozi bushoboka kuri interineti buba zeru, byerekana ubwinshi bwamafaranga yishyurwa kumpande zombi zintera igera kurwego rumwe munsi yububasha bwihariye bwo kumurika. Kwiyongera kwinshi kwa laser bivamo byinshi bya Cooper ebyiri zirimburwa kandi YBCO ihinduka buhoro buhoro igasubira mubintu p. Mu mwanya wa electron na Cooper ikwirakwizwa, ibiranga interineti ubu bigenwa na electron hamwe nu mwobo ukwirakwiza biganisha kuri polarite ihindagurika ryumuriro wamashanyarazi murirusange hanyuma Voc nziza (gereranya na.1d, h). Ku mbaraga za laser nyinshi cyane, kurwanya itandukaniro kwa YBCO kuzuza agaciro gahuye na leta isanzwe kandi Voc na Isc byombi bigenda bitandukana neza hamwe nuburemere bwa laser (Ishusho 2b). Iri genzura ryerekana ko imirasire ya laser kuri leta isanzwe YBCO itazongera guhindura ubukana bwayo hamwe nimiterere ya superconductor-icyuma ariko byongera gusa ubunini bwa elegitoroniki-mwobo.
Kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku ngaruka z'ubushyuhe ku miterere ya Photovoltaque, sisitemu y'icyuma-superconductor yamurikiwe kuri cathode hamwe na lazeri y'ubururu ifite ubukana bwa 502 mW / cm2. Imirongo ya IV yabonetse kubushyuhe bwatoranijwe hagati ya 50 na 300 K zitangwa mubishusho 3a. Gufungura umuyagankuba wa voltage Voc, umuyoboro mugari wa Isc hamwe no kurwanya itandukaniro birashobora kuboneka muriyi mirongo ya IV kandi bikerekanwa kumashusho 3b. Hatariho kumurika, imirongo yose ya IV yapimwe mubushyuhe butandukanye irenga inkomoko nkuko byari byitezwe (shyiramo ishusho 3a). Ibiranga IV birahinduka cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera mugihe sisitemu imurikirwa nigiti gikomeye cya laser (502 mW / cm2). Ku bushyuhe buke IV umurongo ni umurongo ugororotse ugereranije na I-axis hamwe nagaciro keza ka Voc. Uyu murongo ujya hejuru hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi buhoro buhoro uhinduka umurongo ufite umusozi utari zero ku bushyuhe bukomeye Tcp (Ishusho 3a (hejuru)). Birasa nkaho IV iranga imirongo yose izunguruka ikikije ingingo muri quadrant ya gatatu. Voc yiyongera kuva ku gaciro keza ikagera ku cyiza mugihe Isc igabanuka kuva mubyiza ikagera kubintu bibi. Hejuru yumwimerere wubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho Tc ya YBCO, umurongo wa IV uhinduka ahubwo bitandukanye nubushyuhe (munsi yishusho 3a). Ubwa mbere, kuzenguruka hagati ya IV imirongo yimukira kuri quadrant ya mbere. Icya kabiri, Voc ikomeza kugabanuka na Isc yiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera (hejuru yishusho 3b). Icya gatatu, umuyonga wumurongo wa IV wiyongera cyane hamwe nubushyuhe bikavamo coefficient nziza yubushyuhe bwo kurwanya YBCO (hepfo yishusho 3b).
Ubushyuhe bushingiye kumiterere ya Photovoltaque ya sisitemu ya YBCO-Ag paste munsi ya 502 mW / cm2 kumurika laser.
Ikibanza cya laser gishyizwe hafi ya cathode electrode (reba Ishusho 1i). a, IV imirongo yabonetse kuva kuri 50 kugeza kuri 90 K (hejuru) no kuva 100 kugeza 300 K (hepfo) hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongereye bwa 5 K na 20 K, uko bikurikirana. Gutangiza kwerekana ibiranga IV mubushyuhe bwinshi mwijimye. Imirongo yose irenga inkomoko. b, fungura umuyagankuba voltage Voc hamwe numuyoboro mugufi wa Isc (hejuru) hamwe no kurwanya itandukaniro, dV / dI, ya YBCO (hepfo) nkigikorwa cyubushyuhe. Zeru zeru superconducting ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho Tcp ntabwo itangwa kuko yegereye cyane Tc0.
Ubushyuhe butatu bukomeye burashobora kumenyekana kuva ku gishushanyo cya 3b: Tcp, hejuru ya YBCO iba idakabije; Tc0, aho Voc na Isc byombi bihinduka zeru na Tc, umwimerere utangira superconducting ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho ya YBCO nta mirasire ya laser. Munsi ya Tcp ~ 55 K, laser irasa YBCO iri mumashanyarazi arenze urugero hamwe na Cooper ebyiri. Ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza lazeri ni ukugabanya zeru zeru zirenze urugero ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho kuva kuri 89 K kugeza kuri 55 K (munsi yishusho ya 3b) mugabanya ubukana bwa Cooper hiyongereyeho kubyara ingufu za fotokoltaque nubu. Kongera ubushyuhe nabyo bisenya Cooper ebyiri ziganisha kubushobozi buke mumbere. Kubwibyo, agaciro ntarengwa ka Voc kazaba nto, nubwo ubukana bumwe bwo kumurika laser bukoreshwa. Ubushobozi bwa interineti buzaba buto kandi buto hamwe no kongera ubushyuhe kandi bugere kuri zeru kuri Tc0. Nta ngaruka ya Photovoltaque kuriyi ngingo idasanzwe kuko nta murima wimbere wo gutandukanya ifoto iterwa na electron-umwobo. Ihindagurika rya polarite rishobora kubaho hejuru yubushyuhe bukomeye kuko ubucucike bwubusa muri Ag paste buruta ubwo muri YBCO igenda isubizwa buhoro buhoro mubintu byubwoko bwa p. Hano turashaka gushimangira ko polarite ihindagurika ya Voc na Isc ibaho ako kanya nyuma yinzibacyuho ya zeru zirenze urugero, tutitaye kubitera inzibacyuho. Iri genzura ryerekana neza, kunshuro yambere, ihuriro riri hagati yububasha bwikirenga ningaruka zifotora zifitanye isano nicyuma-superconductor interface ishobora kuba. Imiterere yibi bishobokera hejuru ya superconductor-isanzwe yicyuma cyibanze kubushakashatsi mumyaka mirongo ishize ishize ariko haribibazo byinshi biracyategereje gusubizwa. Gupima ingaruka zifotora bishobora kwerekana ko ari uburyo bwiza bwo gucukumbura amakuru arambuye (nkimbaraga zayo na polarite nibindi) byiyi mbaraga zingenzi bityo bikamurikira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burenze urugero ingaruka zegeranye.
Ubundi kwiyongera kwubushyuhe kuva Tc0 kugeza Tc biganisha kumurongo muto wa Cooper ebyiri hamwe no kuzamura ubushobozi bwimbere hanyuma Voc nini nini. Kuri Tc the Cooper couple yibanda kuri zeru kandi kubaka-mubushobozi kuri interineti bigera kuri byinshi, bivamo Voc ntarengwa na Isc ntarengwa. Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwa Voc na Isc (agaciro kabisa) murubu bushyuhe burahuye ninzibacyuho irenze urugero yaguwe kuva ΔT ~ 3 K kugeza ~ 34 K hamwe na lazeri ya lazeri yubushyuhe bwa 502 mW / cm2 (Ishusho 3b). Muri leta zisanzwe ziri hejuru ya Tc, umuyagankuba ufunguye wumuriro wa Voc ugabanuka nubushyuhe (hejuru yishusho ya 3b), bisa nimyitwarire yumurongo wa Voc kumirasire yizuba isanzwe ishingiye kuri pn ihuza 31,32,33. Nubwo igipimo cyimpinduka za Voc hamwe nubushyuhe (−dVoc / dT), biterwa cyane nuburemere bwa lazeri, ni nto cyane ugereranije n’izuba risanzwe ry’izuba, coefficente yubushyuhe bwa Voc ihuza YBCO-Ag ifite gahunda yubunini nkubwa y'izuba. Imiyoboro yameneka ya pn ihuza igikoresho gisanzwe cyizuba cyiyongera hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera, bigatuma kugabanuka kwa Voc uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Imirongo ya IV umurongo yagaragaye kuriyi sisitemu ya Ag-superconductor, kubera ubanza ubushobozi buto cyane bushobora kuba ubwa kabiri naho icya kabiri guhuza inyuma-gusubira inyuma guhuza ibice bibiri, bituma bigorana kumenya imiyoboro yamenetse. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, birashoboka cyane ko ubushyuhe bumwe bushingiye kumyuka yameneka ishinzwe imyitwarire ya Voc yagaragaye mubushakashatsi bwacu. Ukurikije ibisobanuro, Isc nubu ikenewe kugirango itange ingufu zitari nziza kugirango yishyure Voc kuburyo voltage yose ari zeru. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, Voc iba nto kuburyo hakenewe ingufu nke kugirango habeho ingufu zitari nziza. Byongeye kandi, kurwanya YBCO byiyongera cyane hamwe nubushyuhe buri hejuru ya Tc (munsi yishusho ya 3b), nabwo bugira uruhare mukintu gito cyuzuye cya Isc mubushyuhe bwinshi.
Menya ko ibisubizo byatanzwe mu gishushanyo cya 2,3 biboneka hakoreshejwe lazeri irasa hafi ya electrode ya cathode. Ibipimo byanasubiwemo hamwe na lazeri yashyizwe kuri anode kandi birasa na IV biranga kandi imiterere ya Photovoltaque byagaragaye usibye ko polarite ya Voc na Isc yahinduwe muri uru rubanza. Aya makuru yose aganisha ku buryo bwo gufata amashanyarazi, bifitanye isano rya bugufi na superconductor-metal interface.
Muri make, IV ibiranga laser irradiated superconducting YBCO-Ag paste sisitemu yapimwe nkibikorwa byubushyuhe nuburemere bwa laser. Ingaruka zidasanzwe za Photovoltaque zagaragaye mubushyuhe buri hagati ya 50 na 300 K. Usanga imiterere ya Photovoltaque ifitanye isano cyane nububasha bukabije bwibumba bya YBCO. Guhindura polarite ya Voc na Isc bibaho ako kanya nyuma yifoto-iterwa na superconducting yinzibacyuho. Ubushyuhe bushingiye kuri Voc na Isc bupimye ku bushyuhe bwa laser bwerekana kandi byerekana polarite itandukanye ihindagurika ku bushyuhe bukomeye hejuru aho icyitegererezo kiba kirwanya. Mugushakisha ikibanza cya laser mubice bitandukanye byicyitegererezo, twerekana ko hariho imbaraga zamashanyarazi kuruhande rwose, zitanga imbaraga zo gutandukanya ifoto-iterwa na electron-umwobo. Isohora rishobora kuva kuri YBCO kugera kuri electrode yicyuma mugihe YBCO irengereye kandi igahinduka muburyo bunyuranye mugihe icyitegererezo kiba kidakora neza. Inkomoko yubushobozi irashobora kuba isanzwe ifitanye isano ningaruka zo kuba hafi yicyuma-superconductor mugihe YBCO irenze urugero kandi ikagereranywa ni ~ 10−8 mV kuri 50 K hamwe na laser ifite ubukana bwa 502 mW / cm2. Guhuza ibikoresho byubwoko bwa p YBCO muburyo busanzwe hamwe n-ibikoresho n-Ag-paste ikora ihuriro rya quasi-pn ishinzwe imyitwarire yifoto yumubumbyi wa YBCO mubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru bwerekanye ingaruka za PV mubushyuhe bwo hejuru burenze urugero YBCO ceramics kandi butanga inzira kubikoresho bishya mubikoresho bya optoelectronic nkibikoresho byihuta byerekana urumuri hamwe na foteri imwe.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Photovoltaque bwakorewe kuri ceramic YBCO yuburebure bwa mm 0,52 na 8,64 × 2,26 mm2 zurukiramende kandi rumurikirwa nubururu bukomeza ubururu-laser (λ = 450 nm) hamwe na laser ifite ubunini bwa mm 1,25 muri radiyo. Gukoresha byinshi aho kuba firime yoroheje idushoboza kwiga imiterere ya Photovoltaque ya superconductor tutiriwe duhura ningaruka zikomeye za substrate6,7. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byinshi birashobora gufasha muburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura no kugiciro gito. Insinga z'umuringa zometse ku cyitegererezo cya YBCO hamwe na paste ya feza ikora electrode enye zizunguruka zigera kuri mm 1 z'umurambararo. Intera iri hagati ya electrode ebyiri zingana na mm 5. IV ibiranga icyitegererezo byapimwe hifashishijwe vibration sample magnetometero (VersaLab, Igishushanyo cya Quantum) hamwe na quartz ya kirisiti ya kirisiti. Uburyo busanzwe buringaniye bwakoreshejwe kugirango ubone umurongo wa IV. Imyanya ijyanye na electrode hamwe na laser yerekanwe mubishusho 1i.
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Uyu murimo watewe inkunga na Fondasiyo y’ubumenyi y’ubumenyi y’igihugu y’Ubushinwa (Impano No 60571063), Imishinga y’ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze mu Ntara ya Henan, mu Bushinwa (Impano No 122300410231).
FY yanditse inyandiko yimpapuro hanyuma MYH itegura icyitegererezo cya YBCO ceramic. FY na MYH bakoze igerageza banasesengura ibisubizo. FGC yayoboye umushinga no gusobanura siyanse yamakuru. Abanditsi bose basuzumye inyandiko.
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Yang, F., Han, M. & Chang, F. Inkomoko yingaruka za Photovoltaque mugutwara amashanyarazi YBa2Cu3O6.96. Sci Rep 5, 11504 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11504
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