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Uburyo bwo gukora bwa fiziki na chimique
Uburyo bwo gukora bwa fiziki na chimique bivuga uburyo bwo gutegura ibikoresho byoroshye muguhuza uburyo bubiri bwo gukora. Mubisanzwe, gukora chimique bikorwa mbere, hanyuma gukora physique bigakorwa. Banza ushire selulose muri 68% ~ 85% H3PO4 igisubizo kuri 85 ℃ kuri 2h, hanyuma uyitunganyirize mu itanura rya muffle kuri 4h, hanyuma uyikoreshe hamwe na CO2. Ubuso bwihariye bwa karubone ikora yabonetse yari hejuru ya 3700m2 · g-1. Gerageza gukoresha fibre ya sisal nkibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma ukoreshe fibre ikora ya karubone (ACF) wabonye na activation ya H3PO4 inshuro imwe, uyishyushya 830 ℃ irinzwe na N2, hanyuma ukoreshe imyuka yamazi nkibikorwa bya enterineti. Ubuso bwihariye bwa ACF bwabonetse nyuma ya 60min yo gukora byatejwe imbere cyane.
Kuranga imiterere ya pore imikorere yimikorerekarubone
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya karubone uburyo bwo kuranga hamwe nubuyobozi bukoreshwa bwerekanwe kumeza ya 2. Ibiranga imiterere yibintu bishobora kugeragezwa mubice bibiri: gusesengura amakuru no gusesengura amashusho.
Ubushakashatsi bwiterambere ryimiterere ya pore ikora neza ya karubone ikora
Nubwo karubone ikora ifite imyenge ikungahaye hamwe nubuso bunini bwihariye, ifite imikorere myiza mubice byinshi. Nyamara, bitewe nubwinshi bwibikoresho byatoranijwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gutegura ibintu bigoye, ibicuruzwa byarangiye muri rusange bifite imbogamizi yimiterere yimyobo y’akajagari, ubuso butandukanye bwubuso bwihariye, ikwirakwizwa ry’ubunini bwa pore, hamwe n’imiterere y’imiti y’ubutaka. Kubwibyo, hari ibibi nka dosiye nini no guhuza n'imihindagurikire mugikorwa cyo gusaba, bidashobora kuzuza ibisabwa ku isoko. Kubwibyo, ni ingirakamaro zifatika kunonosora no kugenzura imiterere no kunoza imikorere yayo yuzuye. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mugutezimbere no kugenzura imiterere ya pore harimo kugenzura imiti, kuvanga polymer, no kugenzura ibikorwa bya catalitiki.
Ikoranabuhanga mu kugenzura imiti
Ubuhanga bwo kugenzura imiti bivuga uburyo bwo gukora bwa kabiri (guhindura) ibikoresho byoroshye byabonetse nyuma yo gukora hamwe na reagent ya chimique, kwangiza imyenge yumwimerere, kwagura micropore, cyangwa kurushaho gukora micropore nshya kugirango wongere ubuso bwihariye nuburinganire bwibintu. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byarangiye byo gukora muri rusange byinjizwa inshuro 0.5 ~ 4 yumuti wimiti kugirango ugenzure imiterere ya pore no kongera ubuso bwihariye. Ubwoko bwose bwa acide na alkali ibisubizo birashobora gukoreshwa nka reagent yo gukora kabiri.
Tekinoroji yo guhindura aside aside
Guhindura aside ya aside irike nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kugenzura. Ku bushyuhe bukwiye, okiside ya aside irashobora gukungahaza imyenge iri imbere ya karubone ikora, igahindura ubunini bwayo, hamwe na dredge ikinze imyenge. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi mu gihugu no mu mahanga bwibanda cyane cyane ku guhindura aside irike. HN03 ni okiside ikoreshwa cyane, kandi intiti nyinshi zikoresha HN03 muguhindura karubone ikora. Tong Li n'abandi. 28
Guhindura karubone ikora hamwe na HN03, nyuma yo kuyihindura, ubuso bwihariye bwa karubone ikora bwaragabanutse kuva kuri 652m2 · g-1 bugera kuri 241m2 · g-1, ubunini bwa pore bwiyongereye buva kuri 1.27nm bugera kuri 1.641nm, hamwe nubushobozi bwa adsorption ya benzophenone muri lisansi yigana yiyongereyeho 33.7%. Guhindura ibiti bikoresha karubone hamwe na 10% na 70% yibice bya HN03. Ibisubizo byerekana ko ubuso bwihariye bwa karubone ikora yahinduwe hamwe na 10% HN03 yavuye kuri 925.45m2 · g-1 igera kuri 960.52m2 · g-1; nyuma yo guhinduka hamwe na 70% HN03, ubuso bwihariye bwagabanutse kugera kuri 935.89m2 · g-1. Igipimo cyo kuvanaho Cu2 + na karubone ikora yahinduwe hamwe na HN03 yibiri hejuru ya 70% na 90%.
Kuri karubone ikora ikoreshwa mumurima wa adsorption, ingaruka ya adsorption ntabwo ishingiye kumiterere ya pore gusa ahubwo no kumiterere yimiti ya adsorbent. Imiterere ya pore igena ubuso bwihariye nubushobozi bwa adsorption ya karubone ikora, mugihe imiterere yimiti yubutaka igira ingaruka kumikoranire hagati ya karubone ikora na adsorbate. Hanyuma, byagaragaye ko guhindura aside ya karubone ikora idashobora gusa guhindura imiterere ya pore imbere ya karubone ikora kandi igahanagura imyenge yafunzwe, ariko kandi ikongera ibirimo amatsinda ya acide hejuru yibikoresho kandi ikazamura polarite na hydrophilique yubuso . Ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya EDTA ukoresheje karubone ikora yahinduwe na HCI yiyongereyeho 49.5% ugereranije na mbere yo guhindura, byari byiza kuruta ibya HNO3.
Guhindura ubucuruzi bwahinduwe karubone hamwe na HNO3 na H2O2! Ubuso bwihariye nyuma yo guhinduka bwari 91.3% na 80.8% yabyo mbere yo guhinduka. Amatsinda mashya arimo ogisijeni arimo carboxyl, karubone na fenol yongewe hejuru. Ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya nitrobenzene muguhindura HNO3 nicyo cyiza, cyikubye inshuro 3,3 mbere yuko gihinduka.Bigaragara ko kwiyongera mubirimo mumatsinda arimo ogisijeni arimo imikorere ya karubone ikora nyuma yo guhindura aside byatumye ubwiyongere bwubuso bwiyongera ingingo zikora, zagize ingaruka zitaziguye mugutezimbere ubushobozi bwa adsorption yintego ya adsorbate.
Ugereranije na acide organic organique, hari raporo nke zijyanye no guhindura aside organic ya karubone ikora. Gereranya ingaruka zo guhindura aside organic kumiterere ya pore imiterere ya karubone ikora na adsorption ya methanol. Nyuma yo guhinduka, ubuso bwihariye hamwe nubunini bwa pore ya karubone ikora yagabanutse. Iyo acide ikomera, niko kugabanuka. Nyuma yo guhindurwa na aside ya oxyde, aside tartarike na aside citricike, ubuso bwihariye bwa karubone ikora bwaragabanutse buva kuri 898.59m2 · g-1 bugera kuri 788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 na 622.98m2 · g-1. Nyamara, microporosity ya karubone ikora yiyongereye nyuma yo guhinduka. Microporosity ya karubone ikora yahinduwe na aside citric yiyongereye kuva kuri 75.9% igera kuri 81.5%.
Acide ya Oxalic hamwe na aside ya tartaric ihindura ingirakamaro kuri adsorption ya methanol, mugihe aside citricike igira ingaruka mbi. Ariko, J.Paul Chen n'abandi. [35] basanze karubone ikora yahinduwe na acide citric irashobora kongera adsorption ya ion z'umuringa. Lin Tang n'abandi. [36] yahinduye karubone ikora yubucuruzi hamwe na acide formic, aside oxyde na aside aminosulfonike. Nyuma yo guhinduka, ubuso bwihariye nubunini bwa pore byagabanutse. Oxygene irimo amatsinda akora nka 0-HC-0, C-0 na S = 0 byakozwe hejuru yibicuruzwa byarangiye, maze imiyoboro itaringanijwe hamwe na kirisiti yera bigaragara. Ubushobozi bwa adsorption ubushobozi bwa acetone na isopropanol nabwo bwiyongereye cyane.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya alkaline
Intiti zimwe na zimwe zakoresheje igisubizo cya alkaline kugirango ikore kabiri ya karubone ikora. Kwinjiza amakara yakozwe murugo ashingiye kuri karubone hamwe na Na0H igisubizo cyibintu bitandukanye kugirango ugenzure imiterere ya pore. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko kwibanda kuri alkali yo hasi byafashaga kwiyongera no kwaguka. Ingaruka nziza yagezweho mugihe ubwinshi bwa misa bwari 20%. Carbone ikora yari ifite ubuso bwihariye bwihariye (681m2 · g-1) nubunini bwa pore (0.5916cm3 · g-1). Iyo ubwinshi bwa Na0H burenze 20%, imiterere ya pore ya karubone ikora irasenywa kandi ibipimo byimiterere ya pore bitangira kugabanuka. Ibi ni ukubera ko kwibumbira hamwe kwinshi kwa Na0H bizabora skeleton ya karubone kandi umubare munini wimyenge uzasenyuka.
Gutegura imikorere-ikora cyane ya karubone ukoresheje polymer ivanze. Ababanjirije bari resin ya furfural na alcool ya furfuryl, kandi Ethylene glycol yari umukozi ukora pore. Imiterere ya pore yagenzuwe muguhindura ibiri muri polymers eshatu, hanyuma haboneka ibikoresho binini bifite ubunini bwa pore hagati ya 0.008 na 5 mm. Bamwe mu bahanga bagaragaje ko filime ya polyurethane-imide (PUI) ishobora kuba karubone kugira ngo ibone firime ya karubone, kandi imiterere ya pore irashobora kugenzurwa no guhindura imiterere ya molekile ya polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Iyo PUI ishyutswe kugeza kuri 200 ° C, PU na polyimide (PI) bizabyara. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buzamutse bugera kuri 400 ° C, PU pyrolysis itanga gaze, bigatuma habaho imiterere ya pore kuri firime ya PI. Nyuma ya karubone, haboneka firime ya karubone. Mubyongeyeho, uburyo bwo kuvanga polymer burashobora kandi kunoza ibintu bimwe na bimwe byumubiri nubukanishi bwibikoresho kurwego runaka
Tekinoroji yo kugenzura ibikorwa
Tekinoroji yo kugenzura ibikorwa bya catalitiki mubyukuri ni ihuriro ryuburyo bwo gukoresha imiti nuburyo bwo gukora gaze yo hejuru. Mubisanzwe, ibintu bya chimique byongewe kubikoresho fatizo nka catalizator, kandi catisale ikoreshwa mugufasha karuboni cyangwa ibikorwa kugirango ibone ibikoresho bya karubone. Muri rusange, ibyuma muri rusange bigira ingaruka za catalitiki, ariko ingaruka za catalitiki ziratandukanye.
Mubyukuri, mubusanzwe nta mbibi zigaragara hagati yimikorere yimiti nogutangiza ibikorwa bya catalitiki yibikoresho byoroshye. Ibi ni ukubera ko ubwo buryo bwombi bwongera reagent mugihe cya karubone no gukora. Uruhare rwihariye rwaba reagent rugena niba uburyo buri mubyiciro byo gukora catalitike.
Imiterere yibikoresho bya karubone ubwayo, imiterere yumubiri na chimique ya catalizator, imiterere ya reaction ya catalitike hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira ibintu byose bishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye muburyo bwo kugenzura. Ukoresheje amakara ya bituminiyumu nkibikoresho fatizo, Mn (N03) 2 na Cu (N03) 2 nka catalizator irashobora gutegura ibikoresho byoroshye birimo okiside yicyuma. Ingano ikwiye ya okiside irashobora kunoza ububobere nubunini bwa pore, ariko ingaruka za catalitike yibyuma bitandukanye ziratandukanye gato. Cu (N03) 2 irashobora guteza imbere iterambere ryimyenge iri hagati ya 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Byongeye kandi, okiside yicyuma hamwe nunyunyu ngugu bikubiye mu ivu ryibikoresho fatizo nabyo bizagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukora. Xie Qiang n'abandi. [42] yizeraga ko ibikorwa bya catalitiki yibikorwa bya calcium na fer mubintu bidafite umubiri bishobora guteza imbere imyenge. Iyo ibikubiye muri ibyo bintu byombi ari hejuru cyane, igipimo cyibinini binini kandi binini mubicuruzwa byiyongera cyane.
Umwanzuro
Nubwo karubone ikora, nkibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane nicyatsi kibisi, byagize uruhare runini mu nganda nubuzima, iracyafite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamura ibikoresho fatizo, kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura ireme, kuzamura ingufu, kwagura ubuzima no kuzamura imbaraga . Gushakisha ibikoresho byiza bya karubone byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bihendutse, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya karubone isukuye kandi ikora neza, no guhuza no kugenzura imiterere ya pore ya karubone ikora ukurikije imirima itandukanye izakoreshwa bizaba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyo kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri karubone no guteza imbere iterambere ryiza-ryiza ryinganda zikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2024