[Ingufu zingufu za bateri za lithium mugihe kizaza zishobora kugera inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 2 zubu, bivuze ko bateri zizaba nto. ]
[Litiyumu-ion ya batiri igabanya ibiciro biri hagati ya 10% na 30%. Biragoye kugabanya igiciro. ]
Kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, tekinoroji ya batiri igenda yinjira mubice byose byubuzima. None, niyihe nzira bateri izatera imbere kandi ni izihe mpinduka zizazana muri societe? Ukizirikana ibi bibazo, Umunyamakuru wa mbere w’imari yabajije ukwezi gushize Akira Yoshino, umuhanga w’Ubuyapani watsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie kubera bateri ya lithium-ion uyu mwaka.
Yoshino abibona, bateri ya lithium-ion izakomeza kwiganza mu nganda za batiri mu myaka 10 iri imbere. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rishya nkubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe na interineti yibintu bizazana impinduka "zidashoboka" muburyo bwo gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion.
Impinduka zidashoboka
Yoshino amaze kumenya ijambo "portable", yamenye ko societe ikeneye bateri nshya. Mu 1983, bateri ya mbere ya lithium ku isi yavukiye mu Buyapani. Yoshino Akira yakoze prototype ya mbere kwisi ya batiri ya lithium-ion ishobora kwishyurwa, kandi izagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa cyane muri terefone zigendanwa n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mugihe kizaza.
Mu kwezi gushize, Akira Yoshino mu kiganiro cyihariye yagiranye n’umunyamakuru w’imari wa mbere yavuze ko nyuma yo kumenya ko yatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel, “nta byiyumvo bifatika afite.” “Ibibazo byose byabajijwe nyuma byatumye mpugira cyane, kandi sinshobora kwishima cyane.” Akira Yoshino ati. Ati: “Ariko uko umunsi wo kwakira ibihembo mu Kuboza ugenda wegera, ukuri kw'ibihembo kwarushijeho gukomera.”
Mu myaka 30 ishize, intiti 27 z'Abayapani cyangwa Abayapani zatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie, ariko babiri gusa muri bo, barimo Akira Yoshino, bahawe ibihembo nk'abashakashatsi mu bigo. Ati: “Mu Buyapani, abashakashatsi bo mu bigo by'ubushakashatsi na kaminuza muri rusange bahabwa ibihembo, kandi abashakashatsi bake bo mu nganda batsindiye ibihembo.” Akira Yoshino yabwiye umunyamakuru wa mbere w’imari. Yashimangiye kandi ibiteganijwe mu nganda. Yizera ko muri sosiyete harimo ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku rwego rwa Nobel, ariko inganda z’Ubuyapani zigomba kunoza ubuyobozi n’imikorere.
Yoshino Akira yizera ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya nk’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori hamwe na interineti y’ibintu bizazana impinduka “zidashoboka” ku byifuzo byo gukoresha bateri ya lithium-ion. Kurugero, iterambere rya software rizihutisha gahunda yo gushushanya bateri no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya, kandi Irashobora kugira ingaruka kumikoreshereze ya bateri, ituma bateri ikoreshwa mubidukikije byiza.
Yoshino Akira kandi ahangayikishijwe cyane n’uruhare rw’ubushakashatsi bwe mu gukemura ibibazo by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi. Yabwiye umunyamakuru wa mbere w’imari ko yahawe ibihembo kubera impamvu ebyiri. Iya mbere ni ugutanga umusanzu mu iterambere rya societe igendanwa ifite ubwenge; icya kabiri ni ugutanga uburyo bwingenzi bwo kurengera ibidukikije byisi. Ati: “Umusanzu mu kurengera ibidukikije uzarushaho kugaragara mu gihe kiri imbere. Muri icyo gihe kandi, aya ni amahirwe akomeye mu bucuruzi. ” Akira Yoshino yabwiye umunyamakuru w’imari.
Yoshino Akira yabwiye abanyeshuri mu kiganiro yatanze muri kaminuza ya Meijo nk'umwarimu watanze ibyifuzo byinshi by'abaturage ku gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu na batiri mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi, azatanga amakuru ye bwite, harimo n'ibitekerezo ku bibazo by’ibidukikije. ”
Ninde uzaganza inganda za batiri
Iterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri ryatangije impinduramatwara. Kuva kuri terefone zigezweho kugeza kumodoka zamashanyarazi, tekinoroji ya batiri irahari hose, ihindura ibintu byose mubuzima bwabantu. Niba bateri izaza izaba ikomeye kandi igiciro gito kizagira ingaruka kuri buri wese muri twe.
Kugeza ubu, inganda ziyemeje kuzamura umutekano wa bateri mu gihe zongera ingufu za batiri. Gutezimbere imikorere ya batiri bifasha kandi guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hakoreshejwe ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Yoshino abibona, bateri ya lithium-ion izakomeza kwiganza mu nganda za batiri mu myaka 10 iri imbere, ariko iterambere no kuzamuka kwikoranabuhanga rishya nabyo bizakomeza gushimangira agaciro n’inganda. Yoshino Akira yatangarije amakuru y’ubucuruzi bwa mbere ko ubwinshi bw’ingufu za bateri za lithium mu gihe kiri imbere zishobora kugera ku nshuro 1.5 kugeza ku nshuro 2, bivuze ko bateri izaba nto. Ati: “Ibi bigabanya ibikoresho bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi, ariko ntihazagabanuka cyane ku giciro cy'ibikoresho.” Yagize ati: “Kugabanuka kw'igiciro cya batiri ya lithium-ion ni hagati ya 10% na 30%. Ushaka kugabanya igiciro biragoye. ”
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bizishyuza byihuse mugihe kizaza? Mu gusubiza, Akira Yoshino yavuze ko terefone igendanwa yuzuye mu minota 5-10, ibyo bikaba byagezweho muri laboratoire. Ariko kwishyuza byihuse bisaba imbaraga zikomeye, zizagira ingaruka kubuzima bwa bateri. Mubihe byinshi mubyukuri, abantu ntibakeneye kwishyurwa byihuse.
Kuva kuri bateri ya mbere ya aside-acide, kugeza kuri bateri ya nikel-hydride ya hydride ari yo nkingi y’amasosiyete y’Abayapani nka Toyota, kugeza kuri bateri ya lithium-ion yakoreshejwe na Tesla Roaster mu 2008, bateri gakondo ya litiro-ion yiganjemo batiri y’amashanyarazi isoko kumyaka icumi. Mu bihe biri imbere, ukuvuguruzanya hagati y’ingufu n’ibisabwa n’umutekano hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ya lithium-ion bizagenda bigaragara.
Mu gusubiza ubushakashatsi hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri batiri bikomoka mu masosiyete yo mu mahanga, Akira Yoshino yagize ati: “Ndatekereza ko bateri zikomeye zerekana icyerekezo kizaza, kandi haracyari byinshi byo kunonosora. Ndizera ko vuba aha tuzabona iterambere rishya. ”
Yavuze kandi ko bateri za leta zikomeye zisa n’ikoranabuhanga na bateri ya lithium-ion. Ati: “Binyuze mu kuzamura ikoranabuhanga, umuvuduko wo koga wa lithium ion urashobora kugera ku nshuro zigera kuri 4 umuvuduko uriho.” Akira Yoshino yabwiye umunyamakuru mu makuru yambere yubucuruzi.
Batteri ikomeye-ni bateri ya lithium-ion ikoresha electrolytite ikomeye. Kuberako amashanyarazi akomeye-asimbuza electrolyte ishobora guturika muri bateri gakondo ya lithium-ion, ibi bikemura ibibazo bibiri byingenzi byubucucike bukabije hamwe n’umutekano muke. Electrolytes ikomeye-ikoreshwa mu mbaraga zimwe Bateri isimbuza electrolyte ifite ingufu nyinshi, icyarimwe ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikoresha igihe kirekire, aribwo buryo bwo kwiteza imbere bwibisekuruza bizaza bya batiri ya lithium.
Ariko bateri zikomeye-leta nayo ihura nibibazo nko kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura umutekano wa electrolytite ikomeye, no gukomeza umubano hagati ya electrode na electrolytite mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka nini ku isi arashora imari muri R & D kuri bateri zikomeye. Kurugero, Toyota irimo guteza imbere bateri-ikomeye, ariko igiciro ntikiramenyekana. Inzego z’ubushakashatsi ziteganya ko mu 2030, isi yose ikenera ingufu za batiri ziteganijwe kugera kuri 500 GWh.
Porofeseri Whitingham wasangiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel na Akira Yoshino, yavuze ko bateri zikomeye zishobora kuba izambere mu gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bito nka terefone zifite ubwenge. Ati: "Kubera ko hakiri ibibazo bikomeye mu ikoreshwa rya sisitemu nini." Porofeseri Wittingham yavuze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2019