1. Igice cya gatatu-igice cya kabiri
Iyaruka rya mbere rya tekinoroji ya semiconductor yakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya semiconductor nka Si na Ge. Nibintu bifatika byiterambere rya transistors hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya. Igisekuru cya mbere ibikoresho bya semiconductor byashizeho urufatiro rwinganda za elegitoronike mu kinyejana cya 20 kandi nibikoresho byibanze byikoranabuhanga ryuzuzanya.
Igisekuru cya kabiri ibikoresho bya semiconductor birimo cyane cyane gallium arsenide, indium fosifide, gallium fosifide, indium arsenide, aluminium arsenide hamwe nibindi bintu bitatu. Igisekuru cya kabiri ibikoresho bya semiconductor nibyo shingiro ryinganda zamakuru ya optoelectronic. Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, inganda zijyanye no gucana, kwerekana, laser, na Photovoltaque zatejwe imbere. Zikoreshwa cyane mubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga bwamakuru hamwe ninganda zerekana optoelectronic.
Ibikoresho byerekana ibikoresho bya semiconductor yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu birimo gallium nitride na karubide ya silicon. Bitewe nubunini bwagutse, umuvuduko mwinshi wa elegitoronike umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi wumuriro, hamwe nimbaraga zo kumeneka mwinshi, nibikoresho byiza byo gutegura ingufu nyinshi, inshuro nyinshi, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitakaza. Muri byo, ibikoresho bya ingufu za silicon karbide bifite ibyiza byo gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe nubunini buto, kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha mumodoka nshya, ingufu za fotora, gutwara gari ya moshi, amakuru manini, nizindi nzego. Ibikoresho bya Gallium nitride RF bifite ibyiza byumuvuduko mwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, umurongo mugari, gukoresha ingufu nkeya nubunini buto, kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha mubitumanaho 5G, interineti yibintu, radar ya gisirikare nizindi nzego. Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho bya ingufu za gallium nitride byakoreshejwe cyane mumashanyarazi make. Byongeye kandi, mumyaka yashize, ibikoresho bya gallium oxyde biteganijwe ko byuzuzanya muburyo bwa tekiniki hamwe na tekinoroji ya SiC na GaN, kandi bifite amahirwe yo gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi make na voltage nyinshi.
Ugereranije nigisekuru cya kabiri ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ibikoresho bya semiconductor yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu bifite ubugari bwagutse bwagutse (ubugari bwa bandgap ya Si, ibikoresho bisanzwe byibikoresho bya semiconductor ya mbere, ni nka 1.1eV, ubugari bwa GaAs, bisanzwe ibikoresho byo mu gisekuru cya kabiri ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ni nka 1.42eV, kandi ubugari bwa bande ya GaN, ibintu bisanzwe byibikoresho bya semiconductor yo mu gisekuru cya gatatu, biri hejuru 2.3eV), kurwanya imishwarara ikomeye, kurwanya imbaraga zumuriro wamashanyarazi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Igisekuru cya gatatu ibikoresho bya semiconductor bifite ubugari bwagutse burakwiriye cyane cyane kubyara imishwarara irwanya imirasire, inshuro nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byuzuzanya. Porogaramu zabo mu bikoresho bya radiyo ya microwave, LED, laseri, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nizindi nzego byakuruye abantu benshi, kandi berekanye iterambere ryagutse mu itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa, imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi, inzira ya gari ya moshi, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, na ultraviolet nubururu -icyatsi kibisi kibisi [1].
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-25-2024