Imikurire ya silicon ya monocrystalline ikorwa rwose mumashanyarazi. Umwanya mwiza wubushyuhe urafasha kunoza ubwiza bwa kristu kandi ufite imikorere yo hejuru ya kristu. Igishushanyo mbonera cyumuriro kigena ahanini impinduka zubushyuhe bwumuriro wumuriro wa dinamike ningendo za gaze mubyumba byitanura. Itandukaniro ryibikoresho bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumuriro bigena neza ubuzima bwa serivisi yumurima wumuriro. Umuriro wubushyuhe udafite ishingiro ntabwo bigoye gusa gukura kristu yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa, ariko kandi ntishobora gukura monocrystalline yuzuye mubikorwa bimwe bisabwa. Niyo mpanvu inganda zikurura monocrystalline silicon ifata igishushanyo mbonera cyumuriro nkikoranabuhanga ryibanze kandi igashora imbaraga nimbaraga nini mubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi hamwe niterambere.
Sisitemu yubushyuhe igizwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byumuriro. Turamenyekanisha muri make ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi. Kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu murima wubushyuhe ningaruka zabyo mugukurura kristu, ntabwo tuzabisesengura hano. Ibikoresho byo mu muriro byerekana imiterere hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro mugice cya vacuum itanura ryikura rya kristu, kikaba ari ngombwa kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bukwiye hafi ya semiconductor yashonga na kristu.
1. Ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwumuriro
Ibikoresho byibanze byunganira uburyo bwo gukurura-buryo bwo gukura silikoni ya monocrystalline ni grafite-yera cyane. Ibikoresho bya Graphite bigira uruhare runini mu nganda zigezweho. Birashobora gukoreshwa nkibice byubushyuhe byubatswe nkaubushyuhe, kuyobora, umusaraba, imiyoboro ya insulasiyo, inzira zingenzi, nibindi mugutegura silicon ya monocrystalline hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Czochralski.
Ibikoresho bishushanyobyatoranijwe kuko byoroshye gutegura mubunini bunini, birashobora gutunganywa kandi birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Carbone muburyo bwa diyama cyangwa grafite ifite aho ishonga cyane kuruta ikintu cyose cyangwa ibice. Ibikoresho bya Graphite birakomeye cyane, cyane cyane ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi nabyo ni byiza rwose. Amashanyarazi yacyo akora neza nkuko aumushyushyaibikoresho. Ifite coefficient ishimishije yubushyuhe, ituma ubushyuhe butangwa nubushyuhe bugabanywa neza kubice ndetse nibindi bice byumuriro. Nyamara, ku bushyuhe bwinshi, cyane cyane intera ndende, uburyo nyamukuru bwo kohereza ubushyuhe ni imirasire.
Ibice bya Graphite byabanje gukorwa mubice byiza bya karubone bivanze na binder hanyuma bigakorwa no gusohora cyangwa gukanda isostatike. Ibice byujuje ubuziranenge bya grafite mubisanzwe bikanda. Igice cyose kibanza karubone hanyuma igashushanywa mubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, hafi 3000 ° C. Ibice bitunganijwe muri ibyo bice byose mubisanzwe bisukurwa mukirere kirimo chlorine mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ikureho ibyuma byujuje ibyangombwa byinganda zikoreshwa na semiconductor. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, na nyuma yo kwezwa neza, urwego rwanduye rwicyuma ni amategeko menshi yubunini burenze ubwo yemerera ibikoresho bya silicon monocrystalline. Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa mugushushanya umurima wubushyuhe kugirango wirinde kwanduza ibyo bice kwinjira mumashanyarazi cyangwa kristu.
Ibikoresho bya Graphite biremewe gato, bigatuma byoroha ibyuma bisigaye imbere bigera hejuru. Byongeye kandi, monoxide ya silicon iri muri gaze ya purge ikikije grafite irashobora kwinjira mubikoresho byinshi hanyuma ikabyitwaramo.
Ubushyuhe bwa monocrystalline silicon itanura ryakozwe mubyuma byangiritse nka tungsten na molybdenum. Hamwe no gukura kwikoranabuhanga rya tekinoroji ya grafite, imiterere yamashanyarazi yo guhuza ibice bya grafite yarahindutse, kandi ubushyuhe bwa monocrystalline silicon itanura ryasimbuye burundu tungsten, molybdenum nubushyuhe bwibikoresho. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane ni ibishushanyo mbonera. igihugu cyanjye tekinoroji ya isostatike yo gutegura igishushanyo mbonera gisubira inyuma, kandi ibikoresho byinshi bya grafite bikoreshwa mu nganda zifotora mu gihugu bitumizwa mu mahanga. Abakora ibicuruzwa bya isostatike yo mu mahanga barimo cyane cyane SGL yo mu Budage, Tokai Carbon yo mu Buyapani, Toyo Tanso yo mu Buyapani, n'ibindi. Mu itanura rya silikoni ya Czochralski monocrystalline, ibikoresho bya C / C rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa, kandi byatangiye gukoreshwa mu gukora ibihingwa, imbuto, umusaraba, umutwaro amasahani nibindi bice. Carbone / carbone (C / C) igizwe na karubone fibre ikomezwa na karubone ishingiye kumurongo hamwe nuruhererekane rwibintu byiza cyane nkimbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus yihariye, coeffisiyoneri yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, amashanyarazi meza, gukomera kuvunika cyane, uburemere buke bwihariye, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kugeza ubu, zikoreshwa cyane mu kirere, mu gusiganwa, ku binyabuzima no mu zindi nzego nk'ibikoresho bishya birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kugeza ubu, inzitizi nyamukuru zahuye na C / C zo murugo ziracyari ikiguzi nibibazo byinganda.
Hariho ibindi bikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mugukora imirima yubushyuhe. Carbone fibre ishimangira grafite ifite imiterere myiza yubukanishi; ariko bihenze kandi ifite ibindi bisabwa mugushushanya.Carbide ya Silicon (SiC)ni ibikoresho byiza kuruta grafite mubice byinshi, ariko birahenze cyane kandi biragoye gutegura ibice binini. Ariko, SiC ikoreshwa kenshi nka aCVDkongera ubuzima bwibice bya grafite bihura na gaze ya silicon monoxide yangirika, kandi birashobora no kugabanya kwanduza grafite. CVD silicon yuzuye ya karbide ikingira neza ibyanduza imbere muri microporous grafite ibikoresho bitagera hejuru.
Ikindi ni CVD karubone, ishobora kandi gukora urwego rwuzuye hejuru ya grafite. Ibindi bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nka molybdenum cyangwa ceramic ibikoresho bishobora kubana nibidukikije, birashobora gukoreshwa aho nta kaga ko kwanduza gushonga. Nyamara, ceramics ya oxyde isanzwe igarukira mubikorwa bya grafite kubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi hariho ubundi buryo buke niba bikenewe. Imwe ni nitride ya boron itandatu (rimwe na rimwe yitwa grafite yera kubera imitungo isa), ariko imiterere yubukanishi irakennye. Molybdenum isanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru kubera igiciro cyayo giciriritse, ikwirakwizwa rito muri kirisiti ya silicon, hamwe na coeffisente yo gutandukanya cyane ya 5 × 108, ituma umubare munini wa molybdenum wanduye mbere yo gusenya imiterere ya kristu.
2. Ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe
Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni karubone yunvikana muburyo butandukanye. Carbone yumva ikozwe muri fibre yoroheje, ikora nka insulasiyo kuko ihagarika imirasire yumuriro inshuro nyinshi mugihe gito. Carbone yoroshye yunvikana mubipapuro bito cyane, hanyuma bigacibwa muburyo bwifuzwa hanyuma bikagoramika cyane kuri radiyo yumvikana. Felts ikize igizwe nibikoresho bisa na fibre, kandi bingo irimo karubone ikoreshwa muguhuza fibre yatatanye mubintu bikomeye kandi bifite ishusho. Gukoresha imyuka ihumeka ya karubone aho kuba binder irashobora kunoza imiterere yibikoresho.
Ubusanzwe, ubuso bwinyuma bwumuriro wumuriro ukiza wasizwe hamwe na grafitike ikomeza cyangwa ifu kugirango igabanye isuri no kwambara kimwe no kwanduza uduce. Ubundi bwoko bwibikoresho bishingiye kuri karubone nabyo birahari, nka karuboni ifuro. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bishushanyije biragaragara ko bikunzwe kuko gushushanya bigabanya cyane ubuso bwa fibre. Gusohora kw'ibi bikoresho byo hejuru-by'ubutaka biragabanuka cyane, kandi bisaba igihe gito cyo kuvoma itanura mu cyuho gikwiye. Ikindi ni C / C yibikoresho, bifite ibimenyetso byingenzi nkuburemere bworoshye, kwihanganira kwangirika kwinshi nimbaraga nyinshi. Byakoreshejwe mumashanyarazi kugirango bisimbuze ibice bya grafite bigabanya cyane inshuro zo gusimbuza ibice bya grafite, bizamura ubwiza bwa monocrystalline nubuhinzi butajegajega.
Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo byashyizwe ahagaragara, ibyuka bya karubone bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bya karuboni ishingiye kuri polyacrylonitrile, ibyuka bya karuboni bishingiye kuri viscose, hamwe na karuboni ishingiye kuri pisine.
Polyacrylonitrile ishingiye kuri karubone yumva ifite ivu rinini. Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, fibre imwe iba yoroheje. Mugihe cyo gukora, biroroshye kubyara umukungugu kugirango uhumanye ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, fibre irashobora kwinjira byoroshye mu myobo no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero y'umubiri w'umuntu, bikaba byangiza ubuzima bw'abantu. Viscose ishingiye kuri karubone yumva ifite imikorere myiza yubushyuhe. Nibyoroshye byoroshye nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubyara umukungugu. Nyamara, igice cyambukiranya fibre mbisi ishingiye kuri viscose ntisanzwe, kandi hariho ibinono byinshi hejuru ya fibre. Biroroshye kubyara imyuka nka C02 munsi yikirere cya okiside yumuriro wa silicon CZ, bigatuma imvura igwa ogisijeni nibintu bya karubone mubintu bya silikoni ya monocrystalline. Inganda nyamukuru zirimo Ubudage SGL nandi masosiyete. Kugeza ubu, inganda zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikoresha monocrystalline ni karuboni ishingiye ku cyuma, ikaba ifite imikorere mibi yo gukwirakwiza amashyanyarazi kurusha karuboni ishingiye kuri viscose, ariko karuboni ishingiye ku kibanza yumva ifite isuku nyinshi kandi ihumanya umukungugu muke. Ababikora barimo Ubuyapani bwa Kureha Chemical na Osaka Gazi.
Kuberako imiterere ya karubone yunvikana idakosowe, ntibyoroshye gukora. Ubu ibigo byinshi byateguye ibikoresho bishya byubushyuhe bushingiye kumyuka ya karubone yakize. Carbone yakize yunvikana, nanone yitwa ibyuma bikomeye, ni karubone yunvikana ifite imiterere runaka hamwe numutungo wokwitunga nyuma yumutima woroshye winjijwe hamwe na resin, laminated, cured na carbone.
Ubwiyongere bw'ubwiyongere bwa silikoni ya monocrystalline bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe, kandi ibikoresho bya karuboni fibre itanga ubushyuhe bigira uruhare runini muri ibi bidukikije. Carbone fibre yamashanyarazi yoroheje yunvikana iracyafite inyungu zikomeye mumashanyarazi ya semiconductor yinganda kubera inyungu zayo, ingaruka nziza zokoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, igishushanyo cyoroshye nuburyo bwihariye. Byongeye kandi, karuboni fibre ikomeye yubushyuhe bukabije yumuriro izagira umwanya munini witerambere mumasoko yumuriro wumuriro bitewe nimbaraga zayo nubushobozi buhanitse. Twiyemeje gukora ubushakashatsi no kwiteza imbere mubijyanye nibikoresho byogukoresha ubushyuhe, kandi tugahora tunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa kugirango duteze imbere iterambere niterambere ryinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-12-2024