Isesengura ryubukungu ryumusaruro wa hydrogène wicyatsi ukoresheje electrolysis ituruka kumasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho

Ibihugu byinshi kandi byinshi bitangiye kwishyiriraho intego z’ingufu za hydrogène, kandi ishoramari rimwe na rimwe ryerekeza ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogène. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Ubushinwa birayobora iri terambere, bishakisha ibyiza byimbere mu ikoranabuhanga n’ibikorwa remezo. Hagati aho, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Nouvelle-Zélande na Ositaraliya byose byasohoye ingamba z’ingufu za hydrogène kandi bitegura gahunda y’icyitegererezo guhera mu 2017. Mu 2021, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasabye ingamba z’ingufu za hydrogène, usaba ko byongera ubushobozi bwo gukora umusaruro wa hydrogène mu ngirabuzimafatizo za electrolytike kugeza kuri 6GW muri 2024 ushingiye ku mbaraga z’umuyaga n’izuba, naho 40GW muri 2030, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro wa hydrogène muri EU uziyongera kugera kuri 40GW hiyongereyeho 40GW hanze y’Uburayi.

Kimwe na tekinolojiya mishya yose, hydrogène yicyatsi igenda iva mubushakashatsi bwambere niterambere igana mubikorwa rusange byiterambere ryinganda, bigatuma ibiciro biri hasi kandi byongera imikorere mugushushanya, kubaka no gushiraho. Icyatsi cya hydrogène LCOH igizwe nibice bitatu: igiciro cya selile ya electrolytike, igiciro cyamashanyarazi gishobora kuvugururwa nibindi biciro byo gukora. Muri rusange, ikiguzi cya selile electrolytique kigera kuri 20% ~ 25% ya hydrogène yicyatsi kibisi LCOH, nigice kinini cyamashanyarazi (70% ~ 75%). Amafaranga yo gukora ni make, muri rusange munsi ya 5%.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, igiciro cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (cyane cyane izuba n’umuyaga bifite akamaro) byagabanutse cyane mu myaka 30 ishize, kandi n’ingufu zingana (LCOE) ubu yegereye ingufu z’amashanyarazi ($ 30-50 / MWh) , gukora ibivugururwa birushijeho guhatanwa-mugihe kizaza. Ibiciro byingufu zishobora gukomeza kugabanuka 10% kumwaka, kandi mugihe cya 2030 ibiciro byingufu zishobora kongera $ 20 / MWh. Ibiciro byo gukora ntibishobora kugabanuka cyane, ariko ikiguzi cyama selile kirashobora kugabanuka kandi ibiciro bisa byo kwiga byateganijwe kumirasire nkizuba ryizuba cyangwa umuyaga.

Solar PV yakozwe mu myaka ya za 70 kandi igiciro cyizuba PV LCoEs muri 2010 cyari hafi $ 500 / MWh. Solar PV LCOE yagabanutse cyane kuva 2010 kandi ubu ni $ 30 kugeza $ 50 / MWh. Urebye ko tekinoroji ya selile ya electrolytike isa nigipimo nganda cy’inganda zitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba, guhera mu mwaka wa 2020-2030, ikoranabuhanga ry’ingirabuzimafatizo rishobora gukurikira inzira imwe n’ingirabuzimafatizo y’izuba ukurikije igiciro cy’ibice. Muri icyo gihe, LCOE y’umuyaga yagabanutse cyane mu myaka icumi ishize, ariko ku gipimo gito (hafi 50% ku nkombe na 60% ku nkombe).

Igihugu cyacu gikoresha amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (nk’umuyaga w’umuyaga, Photovoltaque, hydropower) mu kubyara hydrogène y’amazi ya electrolytike, iyo igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kigenzuwe muri 0.25 yuan / kWh munsi, igiciro cya hydrogène gifite umusaruro ugereranije n’ubukungu (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Ibipimo bya tekiniki nubukungu byerekana alkaline electrolysis na PEM electrolysis hydrogène yerekana bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

Uburyo bwo kubara ibiciro byumusaruro wa hydrogène electrolytike werekana muburinganire (1) na (2). DC ) nk'urugero, fata ko ubuzima bwose bwimishinga ari imyaka 20 naho ubuzima bukora ni 9 × 104h. Igiciro cyagenwe cya selile electrolytike, ibikoresho byoza hydrogene, amafaranga yibikoresho, amafaranga yubwubatsi bwabaturage, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho nibindi bintu bibarwa kuri 0.3 yuan / kWh kuri electrolysis. Kugereranya ibiciro bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.

Ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo kubyara hydrogène, niba igiciro cyamashanyarazi yingufu zishobora kuba munsi ya 0.25 yuan / kWt, igiciro cya hydrogène yicyatsi gishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 15 yu / kg, gitangira kugira inyungu yikiguzi. Mu rwego rwo kutabogama kwa karubone, hamwe no kugabanya ibiciro by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi, iterambere rinini ry’imishinga itanga umusaruro wa hydrogène, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu za selile ya electrolytike n’ibiciro by’ishoramari, hamwe no kuyobora imisoro ya karubone n’izindi politiki, umuhanda ya hydrogène yicyatsi igabanya ibiciro bizagenda bigaragara neza. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko umusaruro wa hydrogène ukomoka ku mbaraga gakondo zizavangwa n’imyanda myinshi ifitanye isano nka karubone, sulfure na chlorine, hamwe n’igiciro cyo kwezwa hejuru na CCUS, igiciro nyacyo gishobora kurenga 20 Yuan / kg.