Mu nganda, grafite karemano yashyizwe mubice bya kristaline na cryptocrystalline igishushanyo ukurikije imiterere ya kristu. Igishushanyo mbonera cya kirisiti ni cyiza cyane, kandi diameter ya plaque ya kirisiti ni> 1 mm, ikaba ikorwa ahanini na kristu imwe cyangwa kristu yuzuye. Crystalline graphite nimwe mumabuye y'agaciro 24 yigihugu. Ubushakashatsi niterambere rya grafite byashyizwe kurutonde rwigihugu gishinzwe igenamigambi ryamabuye y'agaciro (2016-2020) kunshuro yambere. Akamaro ka kristalline grafite iyobowe nibitekerezo nkibinyabiziga bishya byingufu na graphene. Ubwiyongere bugaragara.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (USGS) bubitangaza, kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2017, ibigega bya grafite ku isi bingana na toni zigera kuri miliyoni 270, bigabanywa cyane cyane muri Turukiya, Ubushinwa na Berezile, muri byo Ubushinwa bukaba bwiganjemo ibishushanyo mbonera bya Kirisitu naho Turukiya ikaba ari cryptocrystalline. Igishushanyo mbonera cya cryptocrystalline gifite agaciro gake niterambere rito hamwe niterambere ryogukoresha, so grastalline grafite igena igishushanyo mbonera cyisi.
Nk’uko Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushinwa ribitangaza, ibishushanyo mbonera by’ubushinwa bingana na 70% by’isi yose. Muri byo, umutungo w’intara ya Heilongjiang ushobora kuba ufite 60% by’Ubushinwa ndetse na 40% by’isi yose, bigira uruhare rukomeye. Abakora ibicuruzwa bikomeye ku isi bakora ibishushanyo mbonera ni Ubushinwa, bikurikirwa n'Ubuhinde na Berezile.
Gukwirakwiza ibikoresho
Imiterere ya geologiya yububiko bwa kristalline mu turere dutandukanye twubushinwa
Ibipimo biranga ububiko bunini bwa kristalline yabitswe mubushinwa n'umusaruro munini (> 0.15mm)
Intara ya Heilongjiang
Intara ya Heilongjiang ifite ikwirakwizwa ryinshi rya grafite, kandi iracyari nziza muri Hegang na Jixi. Agace kako k'iburasirazuba nicyo kigega kinini cya grafitike ya hrstalline mu gihugu, gifite amabuye manini manini kandi manini cyane yabitswe nka Jixi Liumao, Luobei Yunshan na Muling Guangyi. Ibirombe bya Graphite byabonetse mu mijyi 7 kuri 13 yo mu ntara. Ikigereranyo cy’ibikoresho byibuze ni toni miliyoni 400, naho umutungo ushobora kuba ni toni miliyari imwe. Mudanjiang na Shuangyashan bafite ibintu byinshi bavumbuye, ariko ubwiza bwumutungo bufatwa neza. Igishushanyo cyiza cyo hejuru kiracyiganjemo Hegang na Jixi. Bigereranijwe ko ububiko bushobora kugarurwa na grafite mu ntara bushobora kugera kuri toni miliyoni 1-150 (minerval).
Imbere mu gihugu cya Mongoliya
Ububiko bwa grafitike ya kristalline muri Mongoliya Imbere ni iya kabiri nyuma ya Heilongjiang, ikwirakwizwa cyane muri Mongoliya Imbere, Xinghe, Alashan na Baotou.
Urwego rwa karubone rwagenwe rwamabuye ya grafite mu gace ka Xinghe muri rusange ni hagati ya 3% na 5%. Igipimo cyikigereranyo ni> 0.3mm, kibarirwa hafi 30%, naho igipimo cyacyo ni> 0.15mm, gishobora kugera kuri 55%. Mu gace ka Alashan, dufashe urugero rwa Chahanmuhulu kubitsa grafite, impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya karubone yagizwe ni 5.45%, kandi umunzani wa grafite ni> 0,15 mm. Ikirombe cya grafite mu gace ka Chaganwendu ka Damao Banner mu gace ka Baotou gifite impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye ya 5.61% na diameter yubunini bwa <0.15mm.
Intara ya Sichuan
Ibikoresho bya kristalline mu ntara ya Sichuan bikwirakwizwa cyane muri Perefegitura ya Panzhihua, Bazhong na Aba. Impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye mu bucukuzi bwa grafite mu gace ka Panzhihua na Zhongba ni 6.21%. Amabuye y'agaciro ni umunzani muto, kandi igipimo cy'ubunini ntikirenza 0.15mm. Urwego rwa karubone rwagenwe rwamabuye ya kristalline mu gace ka Nanjiang mu mujyi wa Bazhong ni 5% kugeza 7%, hejuru ni 13%, kandi umunzani wa grafite ni> 0,15 mm. Urwego rwa karubone ruhamye rwamabuye ya grafite muri perefegitura ya Aba ni 5% ~ 10%, naho umunzani wa grafite ni <0.15mm.
Intara ya Shanxi
Intara ya Shanxi yavumbuye amasoko 8 y’ububiko bwa kristaline yerekana amabuye y'agaciro ya kristaline, cyane cyane akwirakwizwa mu gace ka Datong. Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya karubone ihamye mububiko ahanini iri hagati ya 3% na 4%, kandi ubwinshi bwiminzani ya grafite ni> 0,15 mm. Ikizamini cyo kwambara amabuye yerekana ko umusaruro munini uhwanye na 38%, nk'ikirombe cya grafite mu Mudugudu wa Qili, Akarere ka Xinrong, Datong.
Intara ya Shandong
Ibikoresho bya kristalline mu ntara ya Shandong bikwirakwizwa cyane muri Laixi, Pingdu na Laiyang. Impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye muri villa yepfo yepfo yuburengerazuba bwa Lai ni 5.18%, naho diameter yimpapuro nyinshi za grafite ziri hagati ya 0.1 na 0.4 mm. Impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye mu birombe bya grafite ya Liugezhuang mu mujyi wa Pingdu ni 3,34%, naho igipimo cya diameter ni <0.5mm. Mine ya Pingdu Yanxin Graphite ifite impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye ya 3.5%, naho igipimo cyikigereranyo ni> 0,30mm, bingana na 8% kugeza 12%. Muri make, impuzandengo ya karubone ihamye mumabuye ya grafite muri Shandong muri rusange iri hagati ya 3% na 5%, naho igipimo cyiminzani> 0,15 mm ni 40% kugeza 60%.
imiterere yimikorere
Ubushinwa bubitsa grafite bifite amanota meza mu nganda, nibyiza mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, kandi igipimo cya kristalline ntikiri munsi ya 3%. Mu myaka 10 ishize, Ubushinwa buri mwaka umusaruro wa grafite uri hagati ya toni 60.000 na 800.000, muri zo umusaruro wa kristalline ugera kuri 80%.
Mu Bushinwa hari inganda zirenga igihumbi zitunganya grafite, kandi ibicuruzwa ni ibicuruzwa byamabuye ya grafite nka grafitike yo hagati na nini ya karubone, grafite nziza cyane hamwe na powder nziza ya grafite, hamwe na grafite yagutse n'ibikoresho bya karubone. Imiterere y’uruganda ahanini ikorwa na leta, ikaba ikwirakwizwa cyane muri Shandong, Mongoliya Imbere, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang n'ahandi. Uruganda rwa leta rufite ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro rufite urufatiro rukomeye n'inyungu zikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga n'umutungo.
Graphite ikoreshwa cyane mubyuma, metallurgie, uruganda, ibikoresho bya mashini, inganda zimiti nizindi nzego kubera ibyiza byayo. Hamwe n’iterambere rya siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bishya bya grafite mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye nk’ingufu nshya, inganda za kirimbuzi, amakuru ya elegitoroniki, icyogajuru ndetse n’ingabo biragenda bigenzurwa buhoro buhoro, kandi bifatwa nk’ibikoresho by’ingirakamaro bikenewe kuri iterambere ry'inganda zivuka. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa bya grafite mu Bushinwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho bivunika, guta, kashe, grafite idasanzwe ndetse n’indi mirima, muri byo hakoreshwa ibikoresho byo kwanga no guta.
Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryinganda nshya zingufu, icyifuzo cya grafite mugihe kizaza kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Ubushinwa busaba igishushanyo mbonera cya 2020
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2019