Turabakoresha kugirango tuguhe uburambe bwiza. Niba ukomeje gukoresha urubuga rwacu, tuzakeka ko wishimiye kwakira kuki zose kururu rubuga.
Isosiyete ikora peteroli yo mu Butaliyani Eni ishora miliyoni 50 z'amadolari muri Commonwealth Fusion Systems, MIT spinout ifatanya n’iki kigo mu guteza imbere imashini zikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe kugira ngo zitange ingufu za zeru-karubone mu bushakashatsi bw’amashanyarazi bwitwa SPARC. Julian Turner ahabwa amanota n'umuyobozi mukuru Robert Mumgaard.
Muri salle zera za Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) impinduramatwara iraba. Nyuma yimyaka mirongo yiterambere, abahanga bemeza ko imbaraga zo guhuza amaherezo ziteguye kwizihiza umunsi wazo kandi ko imbaraga zera zingufu zitagira imipaka, zidafite umuriro, zeru-karubone zishobora kugerwaho.
Igihangange cy’ingufu mu Butaliyani Eni gisangiye iki cyizere, gishora € 50m ($ 62m) mu mushinga ufatanije na MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Centre (PSFC) hamwe n’isosiyete yigenga ya Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), igamije kwihutisha ingufu za fusion kuri gride mugihe gito nkimyaka 15.
Kugenzura fusion, inzira iha imbaraga izuba ninyenyeri, ihagarikwa nikibazo cyakera: mugihe imyitozo irekura ingufu nyinshi, irashobora gukorwa gusa mubushyuhe bukabije bwa miriyoni dogere selisiyusi, hashyushye kuruta hagati yikigo izuba, kandi birashyushye cyane kubintu byose bikomeye kwihanganira.
Bitewe ningorabahizi yo gufunga ibicanwa bya fusion muri ibi bihe bikabije, ubushakashatsi bwimbaraga za fusion bwagize, kugeza magingo aya, bukora ku gihombo, butanga ingufu nke ugereranije n’ibisabwa kugira ngo bikomeze, bityo ntibishobora kubyara amashanyarazi kuri urusobemiyoboro.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa CFS, Robert Mumgaard, agira ati: “Ubushakashatsi bwa Fusion bwakozweho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mu myaka myinshi ishize, bituma habaho iterambere mu myumvire ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gukoresha ingufu za fusion.”
Ati: “CFS irimo gucuruza fusion ikoresheje uburyo bwo murwego rwo hejuru, aho dutezimbere magneti mashya yo murwego rwo hejuru kugirango dukore ibikoresho bito byo guhuza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa fiziki nka gahunda nini za leta. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, CFS ikorana cyane na MIT mu mushinga uhuriweho, guhera mu guteza imbere magneti mashya. ”
Igikoresho cya SPARC gikoresha imbaraga za magneti zikomeye kugirango zifate plasma ishyushye - isupu ya gaze ya subatomic - kugirango irinde guhura nigice icyo aricyo cyose cyicyumba cya vacuum.
Mumgaard abisobanura agira ati: “Ikibazo nyamukuru ni ugukora plasma mu bihe kugira ngo habeho guhuza kugira ngo bitange ingufu zirenze izo zikoresha.” Ati: “Ibi bishingiye cyane ku gice cya fiziki kizwi ku izina rya plasma.”
Igeragezwa ryoroheje ryakozwe kugirango ritange hafi 100MW yubushyuhe mumasegonda icumi-masegonda, nkimbaraga nkizikoreshwa numujyi muto. Ariko, nkuko SPARC ari igeragezwa, ntabwo izaba irimo sisitemu yo guhindura ingufu za fusion mumashanyarazi.
Abahanga muri MIT bateganya ko umusaruro uzaba inshuro zirenze ebyiri imbaraga zikoreshwa mu gushyushya plasma, amaherezo zikagera ku ntambwe yanyuma ya tekiniki: ingufu nziza zituruka ku guhuza.
Mumgaard agira ati: "Guhuza biboneka imbere muri plasma ifashwe kandi ikingirwa hakoreshejwe imirima ya rukuruzi." Ati: “Ibi ni nk'icupa rya rukuruzi. Imbaraga zumurima wa magneti zifitanye isano cyane nubushobozi bwamacupa ya magnetique yo kubika plasma kugirango igere kumiterere.
Ati: "Rero, niba dushobora gukora magnesi zikomeye dushobora gukora plasmas ishobora gushyuha no gukomera dukoresheje imbaraga nke kugirango tuyikomeze. Kandi hamwe na plasmas nziza dushobora gukora ibikoresho bito kandi bigacungwa neza kubaka no kwiteza imbere.
"Hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, dufite igikoresho gishya cyo gukora amashanyarazi akomeye cyane, bityo amacupa meza kandi mato mato. Turizera ko ibi bizatuma duhuza vuba. ”
Mumgaard yerekeza ku gisekuru gishya cya nini ya bore nini cyane ya electromagneti ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ingufu za magneti zikubye kabiri izikoreshwa mu igeragezwa iryo ari ryo ryose rihari, bigatuma imbaraga ziyongera inshuro icumi imbaraga kuri buri bunini.
Ikozwe muri kasete yicyuma isize hamwe nuruvange rwitwa yttrium-barium-umuringa wa muringa (YBCO), magnesi nshya ya superconducting izafasha SPARC kubyara ingufu zivanga hafi kimwe cya gatanu cya ITER ariko mubikoresho bigera kuri 1/65 gusa ingano.
Mugabanye ingano, ikiguzi, ingengabihe hamwe nuburyo bugoye busabwa kugirango hubakwe ibikoresho byingufu za net fusion, magnesi YBCO nayo izafasha uburyo bushya bwubumenyi nubucuruzi, kugirango ingufu zihure.
Mumgaard abisobanura agira ati: "SPARC na ITER byombi ni tokamaks, ubwoko bwihariye bw'icupa rya magnetiki rishingiye ku bumenyi bwibanze bw’iterambere rya fiziki ya plasma mu myaka mirongo ishize."
“SPARC izakoresha igisekuru kizaza cya magnetiki yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (HTS) ituma umurima wa magneti uruta kure cyane, ugatanga imikorere ya fusion ku bunini buto.
Ati: "Turizera ko iki kizagira uruhare runini mu kugera ku guhuza ibihe bijyanye n'ikirere ndetse n'ibicuruzwa bikurura ubukungu."
Ku bijyanye n'ibihe ndetse n'ubucuruzi bushoboka, SPARC ni ihindagurika ry'igishushanyo cya tokamak cyizwe kandi cyanonosowe mu myaka mirongo, harimo n'akazi muri MIT cyatangiye mu myaka ya za 70.
Ubushakashatsi bwa SPARC bugamije guha inzira ikigo cya mbere cy’amashanyarazi cya mbere ku isi gifite ingufu zingana na 200MW z'amashanyarazi, ugereranije n’amashanyarazi menshi y’ubucuruzi.
Nubwo abantu benshi bashidikanya ku mbaraga zo guhuza - Eni afite icyerekezo cyo kureba imbere kuba sosiyete ya mbere ya peteroli ku isi ishora imari muri yo - abunganira bemeza ko ubwo buryo bushobora kuzuza igice kinini cy’ingufu zikenerwa n’isi ku isi, mu gihe kimwe kandi zikagabanuka. ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.
Ingano ntoya ishobozwa na magneti mashya ya superconducting birashoboka ko inzira yihuta, ihendutse igana amashanyarazi kuva ingufu za fusion kuri gride.
Eni avuga ko bizatwara miliyari 3 z'amadolari kugira ngo hategurwe amashanyarazi ya 200MW mu 2033.Umushinga wa ITER, ubufatanye hagati y'Uburayi, Amerika, Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Ubuyapani, Uburusiya na Koreya y'Epfo, birenga kimwe cya kabiri ugana ku ntego ya super ya mbere -ubushakashatsi bwa plasma bushyushye muri 2025 nubwa mbere bwuzuye bwuzuye muri 2035, kandi bufite ingengo yimari ingana na miliyari 20. Kimwe na SPARC, ITER yagenewe kudatanga amashanyarazi.
Noneho, hamwe na gride yo muri Amerika yimuka ikava kuri monolithic 2GW-3GW yamakara cyangwa amashanyarazi agana kubari mumurongo wa 100MW-500MW, imbaraga zo guhuza zishobora guhangana mumasoko akomeye - kandi, niba aribyo, ryari?
Mumgaard agira ati: "Haracyari ubushakashatsi bugomba gukorwa, ariko imbogamizi zirazwi, udushya dushya twerekana inzira yo kwihutisha ibintu, abakinnyi bashya nka CFS bazana ubucuruzi mu bibazo kandi siyanse y'ibanze irakuze".
Ati: "Twizera ko guhuza biri hafi kuruta uko abantu benshi babitekereza. Mukomeze mutegure. ” jQuery (inyandiko) .yamaze (imikorere () {/ * Ibigo karuseli * / jQuery ('. karuseli'). IgicapoKuzenguruka: 1, guhuza n'Uburebure: ukuri});
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Green Tape Solutions ni umujyanama wa Ositaraliya, uzobereye mu gusuzuma ibidukikije, kwemeza no kugenzura, ndetse n'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije.
Mugihe ushaka kunoza imikorere yinganda zamashanyarazi no kwizerwa, uzakenera uburambe bukwiye bwo kwigana kugirango ugereyo. Isosiyete imwe ifite ubwitange bwo gukora amashanyarazi yukuri-yubuzima yerekana ko abakozi bawe bafite ubumenyi busabwa kugirango bakore neza amashanyarazi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-18-2019