Ku ya 10 Nzeri, itangazo ryatanzwe n’imigabane ya Ositaraliya ryahuhije umuyaga ukonje ku isoko rya grafite. Umutungo wa Syrah (ASX: SYR) wavuze ko uteganya gufata ingamba zihuse kugira ngo uhangane n’igabanuka ritunguranye ry’ibiciro bya grafite kandi avuga ko ibiciro bya grafite bishobora kugabanuka nyuma yuyu mwaka.
Kugeza ubu, isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ibishushanyo bya Ositaraliya igomba kwinjira mu “gihe cy’itumba” kubera impinduka z’ubukungu: kugabanya umusaruro, gusenya, no kugabanya ibiciro.
Sira yaguye mu gihombo mu mwaka w’ingengo yimari ishize. Icyakora, ibidukikije byongeye kwangirika, bituma isosiyete igabanya cyane umusaruro wa grafite mu birombe bya Balama muri Mozambike mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2019, kuva kuri toni 15,000 yambere ku kwezi ukagera kuri toni 5.000.
Isosiyete kandi izagabanya agaciro k’igitabo agaciro k’imishinga yayo miliyoni 60 kugeza kuri miliyoni 70 $ muri raporo y’agateganyo y’imari y’agateganyo yashyizwe ahagaragara mu mpera ziki cyumweru kandi “ihite isuzuma igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’imiterere ya Balama na sosiyete yose”.
Syrah yasuzumye gahunda yayo yo gukora muri 2020 anagaragaza ko yifuza kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe, bityo rero nta cyemeza ko igabanywa ry'umusaruro rizaba irya nyuma.
Graphite irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho bya anode muri bateri ya lithium-ion muri terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoronike, kandi ikoreshwa no mubikoresho bibika ingufu za gride.
Ibiciro biri hejuru ya grafite byashishikarije igishoro gutembera mumishinga mishya hanze yUbushinwa. Mu myaka mike ishize, icyifuzo kigaragara cyatumye izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro bya grafite kandi rifungura imishinga myinshi yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga ku masosiyete yo muri Ositaraliya.
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(2) Grapex Mining ikorera mu mujyi wa Perth yakiriye inguzanyo ya miliyoni 85 z'amadolari y'Amerika ($ 121 $) na Castlelake umwaka ushize kugira ngo iteze imbere umushinga wa Chilalo grafite muri Tanzaniya.
(3) Amabuye y'agaciro yafatanije na Hazer Group gushinga uruganda rukora ibishushanyo mbonera bya Kwinana, Uburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya.
Nubwo bimeze gurtyo, Ubushinwa buzakomeza kuba igihugu nyamukuru cyo gukora grafite. Kuberako igishushanyo mbonera cyahenze kubyara, ukoresheje acide ikomeye nizindi reagent, umusaruro wubucuruzi bwa grafite ugarukira mubushinwa. Ibigo bimwe byo hanze yUbushinwa biragerageza guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gutanga ibishushanyo mbonera bishobora gukoresha uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije, ariko ntibyagaragaye ko umusaruro wubucuruzi uhanganye nu Bushinwa.
Amatangazo aheruka kwerekana ko Syrah isa nkaho itahuye neza imigendekere yisoko rya grafite.
Ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwashyizwe ahagaragara na Syrah mu 2015 buvuga ko ibiciro bya grafite bigereranya $ 1.000 kuri toni mu buzima bwanjye. Muri ubu bushakashatsi bushoboka, isosiyete yavuzeko ubushakashatsi bwibiciro byo hanze buvuga ko grafite ishobora kugura amadorari 1000 na $ 1,600 kuri toni hagati ya 2015 na 2019.
Gusa muri Mutarama uyu mwaka, Syrah yabwiye kandi abashoramari ko biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya grafite bizaba hagati y’amadorari 500 na 600 kuri toni mu mezi ya mbere ya 2019, yongeraho ko ibiciro “bizamuka”.
Syrah yavuze ko ibiciro bya grafite byagereranije $ 400 kuri toni kuva ku ya 30 Kamena, ukamanuka mu mezi atatu ashize ($ 457 kuri toni) hamwe n’ibiciro by’amezi ya mbere ya 2019 ($ 469 kuri toni).
Ibicuruzwa bya Syrah muri Balama (usibye amafaranga yinyongera nko gutwara no gucunga) byari $ 567 kuri toni mugice cyambere cyumwaka, bivuze ko hari icyuho cyamadorari arenga 100 kuri toni hagati yibiciro biriho nibiciro byumusaruro.
Vuba aha, umubare munini wibikoresho bya batiri ya lithium yubushinwa urutonde rwamasosiyete yashyize ahagaragara igice cyambere cyumwaka wa 2019 raporo yimikorere. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu masosiyete 81, inyungu z’amasosiyete 45 zagabanutse umwaka ushize. Mu masosiyete 17 yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, 3 gusa ni yo yageze ku nyungu ziyongera ku mwaka ku mwaka, inyungu 14 z’amasosiyete yagabanutse umwaka ushize, kandi igabanuka ryari hejuru ya 15%. Muri bo, inyungu ya Shengyu Mining yagabanutseho 8390.00%.
Ku isoko ryo hasi yinganda nshya zingufu, ibyifuzo bya bateri kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birakomeye. Bitewe ninkunga yimodoka nshya zingufu, amasosiyete menshi yimodoka yagabanije ibicuruzwa bya batiri mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka.
Bamwe mu basesenguzi ku isoko bagaragaje ko hamwe n’ihiganwa rikomeye ry’isoko no kwihutisha kwinjiza urwego rw’inganda, biteganijwe ko mu 2020, Ubushinwa buzaba bufite amasosiyete akoresha amashanyarazi 20 kugeza 30 gusa, kandi ibigo birenga 80% bizahura n’akaga ko kuba yakuweho.
Gusezera ku iterambere ryihuse, umwenda winganda za lithium-ion zinjira mubihe byimigabane uragenda ufungura buhoro, kandi inganda nazo zirababara. Nyamara, isoko izahinduka buhoro buhoro gukura cyangwa guhagarara, kandi igihe kizagera cyo kugenzura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-18-2019