Chifukwa chiyani Silicon ngati chip semiconductor?

Semiconductor ndi chinthu chomwe mphamvu yake yamagetsi kutentha kwake imakhala pakati pa conductor ndi insulator. Monga waya wamkuwa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, waya wa aluminiyamu ndi conductor, ndipo mphira ndi insulator. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a conductivity: semiconductor amatanthauza ma conductivity osinthika, kuyambira insulator mpaka conductor.

M'masiku oyambirira a tchipisi ta semiconductor, silicon sanali wosewera wamkulu, germanium anali. Transistor yoyamba inali germanium based transistor ndipo chip choyamba chophatikizika chinali chip germanium.

Komabe, germanium ili ndi zovuta zina, monga kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ambiri mu semiconductors, kusakhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kusakwanira kwa ma oxides. Komanso, germanium ndi chinthu chosowa, zomwe zili mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi magawo 7 okha pa milioni, ndipo kugawa kwa germanium ore kumabalalitsidwanso kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa chakuti germanium ndi yosowa kwambiri, kugawa sikukhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa germanium ukhale wokwera mtengo; Zinthu ndizosowa, mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi wokwera, ndipo ma germanium transistors satsika mtengo kulikonse, kotero germanium transistors ndizovuta kupanga zambiri.

Kotero, ofufuzawo, cholinga cha phunziroli chinalumphira pamlingo umodzi, kuyang'ana pa silicon. Tikhoza kunena kuti zofooka zonse zobadwa nazo za germanium ndizopindulitsa za silicon.

1, silicon ndi chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka kwambiri pambuyo pa okosijeni, koma simungapeze silicon m'chilengedwe, mankhwala ake omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi silika ndi silicates. Silika ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, feldspar, granite, quartz ndi mankhwala ena amachokera ku silicon-oxygen compounds.

2. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa silicon ndikwabwino, ndi wandiweyani, mkulu wa dielectric constant oxide, akhoza kukonzekera mosavuta mawonekedwe a silicon-silicon oxide okhala ndi zolakwika zochepa.

3. Silicon okusayidi ndi insoluble m'madzi (germanium okusayidi ndi insoluble m'madzi) ndi insoluble mu zidulo zambiri, amene ndi chabe dzimbiri kusindikiza ukadaulo wa matabwa oyendera dera. Chophatikizika chophatikizika ndi njira yophatikizira yozungulira yomwe ikupitilira mpaka lero.