Kodi nyukiliya ya hydrogen kupanga ndi chiyani?

Kupanga kwa haidrojeni wa nyukiliya kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yopangira ma haidrojeni ambiri, koma zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenda pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye kupanga nyukiliya ya haidrojeni ndi chiyani?

Kupanga kwa nyukiliya ya haidrojeni, ndiko kuti, choyatsira nyukiliya chophatikizana ndi njira zapamwamba zopangira haidrojeni, popanga hydrogen yambiri. Kupanga haidrojeni ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya kuli ndi ubwino wopanda mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, madzi ngati zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso sikelo yayikulu, chifukwa chake ndi yankho lofunikira pakuperekera kwakukulu kwa haidrojeni m'tsogolomu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa IAEA, makina ang'onoang'ono a 250MW amatha kupanga matani 50 a haidrojeni patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kwa nyukiliya.

Mfundo yopangira haidrojeni mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kopangidwa ndi nyukiliya monga gwero lamphamvu popanga haidrojeni, ndikuzindikira kupanga bwino komanso kwakukulu kwa haidrojeni posankha luso loyenera. Ndipo kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Chithunzi chojambula cha kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi.

Pali njira zambiri zosinthira mphamvu ya nyukiliya kukhala mphamvu ya hydrogen, kuphatikiza madzi ngati zopangira kudzera mu electrolysis, kuzungulira kwa thermochemical, kutentha kwambiri kwa nthunzi electrolysis hydrogen kupanga, hydrogen sulfide monga zopangira zopangira hydrogen, gasi, malasha, biomass monga zopangira pyrolysis hydrogen. kupanga, ndi zina. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati zopangira, njira yonse yopanga haidrojeni simatulutsa CO₂, yomwe imatha kuthetsa mpweya woipa wowonjezera kutentha; Kupanga hydrogen kuchokera kuzinthu zina kumangochepetsa mpweya wa carbon. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a nyukiliya electrolysis ndi njira yosavuta yopangira mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi electrolysis yachikhalidwe, yomwe idakali m'munda wamagetsi a nyukiliya ndipo nthawi zambiri samawonedwa ngati ukadaulo wowona wa nyukiliya wa haidrojeni. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kwa thermochemical ndi madzi ngati zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kutentha kwa nyukiliya komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa nthunzi electrolysis amaonedwa kuti akuyimira tsogolo laukadaulo wopanga ma haidrojeni.

Pakalipano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopangira hydrogen mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya: electrolytic water hydrogen kupanga ndi thermochemical hydrogen kupanga. Ma nyukiliya a nyukiliya amapereka mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu ya kutentha motsatira njira ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zopangira haidrojeni.

Electrolysis madzi kupanga haidrojeni ndi ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya kupanga magetsi, ndiyeno kudzera madzi electrolytic chipangizo kuwola madzi kukhala haidrojeni. Kupanga haidrojeni ndi madzi electrolytic ndi mwachindunji mwachindunji wa haidrojeni kupanga njira, koma hydrogen kupanga dzuwa la njira imeneyi (55% ~ 60%) ndi otsika, ngakhale apamwamba kwambiri SPE madzi electrolysis luso anatengera ku United States, dzuwa electrolytic wawonjezeka mpaka 90%. Koma popeza malo ambiri opangira magetsi a nyukiliya pano amangotembenuza kutentha kukhala magetsi pafupifupi 35%, mphamvu yomaliza ya haidrojeni kuchokera ku electrolysis yamadzi mu mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi 30% yokha.

Kupanga kwamafuta-chemical hydrogen kumachokera kumayendedwe amafuta-zamankhwala, kuphatikiza chotenthetsera cha nyukiliya ndi chipangizo chopangira matenthedwe a hydrogen, pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumaperekedwa ndi nyukiliya ngati gwero la kutentha, kotero kuti madzi amathandizira kuwonongeka kwamafuta pa 800 ℃. mpaka 1000 ℃, kuti apange haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga electrolytic madzi haidrojeni, thermo chemical hydrogen kupanga mphamvu ndi apamwamba, mphamvu zonse akuyembekezeka kufika oposa 50%, mtengo wake ndi wotsika.