Universal Hydrogen's hydrogen fuel cell demonstrator ananyamuka ulendo wake woyamba kupita ku Moss Lake, Washington, sabata yatha. Ndege yoyeserera idatenga mphindi 15 ndipo idafika pamtunda wa 3,500 mapazi. Njira yoyeserayi idakhazikitsidwa pa Dash8-300, ndege yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yamafuta a haidrojeni.
Ndegeyo, yotchedwa Lightning McClean, inanyamuka pa Grant County International Airport (KMWH) nthawi ya 8:45 am pa March 2 ndipo inafika pamtunda wa mamita 3,500 mphindi 15 pambuyo pake. Ndegeyi, yotengera chiphaso cha FAA Special Airworthiness, ndi ulendo woyamba wazaka ziwiri woyeserera womwe ukuyembekezeka kufika pachimake mu 2025. Ndegeyo, yomwe idasinthidwa kuchokera ku ndege yachigawo ya ATR 72, imangokhala ndi injini imodzi yokha yamafuta oyambira pofuna chitetezo, pamene zina zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni yoyera.
Universal Hydrogen ikufuna kukhala ndi maulendo apandege a m'madera mothandizidwa ndi ma cell amafuta a hydrogen pofika chaka cha 2025. Pakuyesaku, injini yoyendetsedwa ndi cell yamafuta a hydrogen imatulutsa madzi okha ndipo siyiipitsa mpweya. Chifukwa ndikuyesa koyambirira, injini ina ikugwirabe ntchito pamafuta wamba. Kotero ngati muyang'ana pa izo, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa injini ya kumanzere ndi yoyenera, ngakhale m'mimba mwake mwa masamba ndi chiwerengero cha masamba. Malinga ndi Universal Hydrogren, ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni zimakhala zotetezeka, zotsika mtengo komanso sizikhudza chilengedwe. Ma cell awo amafuta a haidrojeni amakhala okhazikika ndipo amatha kukwezedwa ndikutsitsa kudzera pamalo onyamula katundu omwe ali pabwalo la ndege, kotero kuti bwalo la ndege litha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni popanda kusinthidwa. Mwachidziwitso, ma jeti akuluakulu amathanso kuchita chimodzimodzi, ndi ma turbofans oyendetsedwa ndi ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni omwe akuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofika pakati pa 2030s.
M'malo mwake, a Paul Eremenko, woyambitsa nawo limodzi ndi CEO wa Universal Hydrogen, akukhulupirira kuti oyendetsa ndege adzayenera kuthamanga pa haidrojeni yoyera pofika m'ma 2030s, apo ayi makampaniwo adzayenera kudula maulendo apandege kuti akwaniritse zolinga zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa pamakampani. Chotsatira chake chikanakhala kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo ya matikiti ndi kuvutika kuti mupeze tikiti. Choncho, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ndege zatsopano zamphamvu. Koma ndege yoyamba iyi imaperekanso chiyembekezo chamakampani.
Ntchitoyi idachitidwa ndi Alex Kroll, woyendetsa ndege wakale wa US Air Force komanso woyendetsa mayeso otsogolera pakampaniyo. Ananenanso kuti paulendo wachiwiri woyeserera, adatha kuwuluka kwathunthu pamagetsi amafuta a hydrogen, osadalira injini zamafuta zakale. "Ndege yosinthidwa imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo makina amagetsi a hydrogen mafuta amatulutsa phokoso locheperako komanso kugwedezeka kuposa injini wamba," adatero Kroll.
Universal Hydrogen ili ndi ma oda ambiri okwera okwera ma jeti amchigawo oyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen, kuphatikiza Connect Airlines, kampani yaku America. A John Thomas, wamkulu wa kampaniyo, adatcha kuthawa kwa Lightning McClain "zero zero pakuchepetsa kwamakampani opanga ndege padziko lonse lapansi."
Chifukwa chiyani ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen zili njira yochepetsera mpweya paulendo wa pandege?
Kusintha kwanyengo kukuyika zoyendetsa ndege pachiwopsezo kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Bungwe la World Resources Institute, lomwe ndi gulu lofufuza lopanda phindu lokhala ku Washington, linanena kuti ndege zimatulutsa mpweya wochuluka kwambiri pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi a mpweya wokwanira wa magalimoto ndi magalimoto. Komabe, ndege zimanyamula anthu ochepa kwambiri patsiku kuposa magalimoto ndi magalimoto.
Ndege zinayi zazikuluzikulu (ku America, United, Delta ndi Kumwera chakumadzulo) zinawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a jet ndi 15 peresenti pakati pa 2014 ndi 2019. kutsika kuyambira 2019.
Ndege zadzipereka kuti zisakhale za carbon pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, ndipo ena adayikapo mafuta okhazikika kuti alole ndege kuti zithandizire kusintha kwanyengo.
Mafuta okhazikika (SAFs) ndi mafuta achilengedwe opangidwa kuchokera kumafuta ophikira, mafuta anyama, zinyalala zamatauni kapena zakudya zina. Mafutawa amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mafuta wamba kuti apange injini za jet ndipo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale pamaulendo oyesa ndege komanso pamaulendo apaulendo omwe akukonzedwa. Komabe, mafuta okhazikika ndi okwera mtengo, pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mafuta wamba wamba. Pamene ndege zambiri zimagula ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta okhazikika, mitengo ikwera kwambiri. Othandizira akukankhira zolimbikitsa monga kupuma misonkho kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga.
Mafuta okhazikika amawoneka ngati mafuta a mlatho omwe amatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni mpaka zopambana zazikulu monga ndege zamagetsi kapena zoyendetsedwa ndi haidrojeni zikwaniritsidwa. M'malo mwake, matekinolojewa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pazandege kwa zaka zina 20 kapena 30.
Makampani akuyesera kupanga ndi kupanga ndege zamagetsi, koma zambiri ndi ndege zazing'ono, zokhala ngati helikoputala zomwe zimanyamuka ndikutera molunjika ndikungonyamula anthu ochepa chabe.
Kupanga ndege yayikulu yamagetsi yotha kunyamula anthu 200 -- zomwe zikufanana ndi ndege yapakati - kungafune mabatire akulu komanso nthawi yayitali yowuluka. Potengera muyezo umenewo, mabatire amayenera kulemera kuwirikiza pafupifupi 40 kuposa mafuta a jet kuti anyamuke. Koma ndege zamagetsi sizingatheke popanda kusintha kwaukadaulo wa batri.
Mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi chida chothandizira kutulutsa mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito yosasinthika pakusintha kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino wofunikira wa mphamvu ya haidrojeni kuposa mphamvu zina zongowonjezedwanso ndikuti imatha kusungidwa pamlingo waukulu pakadutsa nyengo. Pakati pawo, hydrogen wobiriwira ndiyo njira yokhayo yochepetsera mpweya m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikizapo minda ya mafakitale yomwe imayimiridwa ndi petrochemical, zitsulo, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi makampani oyendetsa ndege omwe amaimiridwa ndi ndege. Malinga ndi International Commission on Hydrogen Energy, msika wamagetsi wa hydrogen ukuyembekezeka kufika $2.5 thililiyoni pofika 2050.
"Hydrogen yokha ndi mafuta opepuka kwambiri," a Dan Rutherford, ofufuza pazamafuta amagalimoto ndi ndege ku International Council on Clean Transportation, gulu lazachilengedwe, adauza Associated Press. "Koma mumafunika akasinja akulu kuti musunge haidrojeni, ndipo thankiyo ndiyolemera kwambiri."
Komanso, pali zopinga ndi zopinga kukhazikitsa hydrogen mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, pangafunike zida zatsopano zazikulu komanso zodula m'mabwalo a ndege kuti musunge mpweya wa haidrojeni wokhazikika kukhala madzi.
Komabe, Rutherford amakhalabe ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza hydrogen. Gulu lake likukhulupirira kuti ndege zoyendetsedwa ndi hydrogen zitha kuyenda pafupifupi mamailosi 2,100 pofika 2035.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-16-2023