Chidziwitso cham'badwo wachitatu wa semiconductor GaN ndiukadaulo wofananira wa epitaxial

1. Ma semiconductors a m'badwo wachitatu

Tekinoloje ya m'badwo woyamba wa semiconductor idapangidwa kutengera zida za semiconductor monga Si ndi Ge. Ndilo maziko azinthu zopangira ma transistors ndi ukadaulo wophatikizika wadera. Zida za semiconductor za m'badwo woyamba zidayika maziko amakampani opanga zamagetsi m'zaka za zana la 20 ndipo ndizo zida zoyambira ukadaulo wophatikizika wozungulira.

Zida za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri makamaka zimaphatikizapo gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, aluminium arsenide ndi mankhwala awo a ternary. Zida za semiconductor za m'badwo wachiwiri ndizo maziko amakampani azidziwitso a optoelectronic. Pazifukwa izi, mafakitale okhudzana nawo monga kuyatsa, mawonedwe, laser, ndi photovoltaics apangidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wazidziwitso zamakono komanso mafakitale owonetsera optoelectronic.

Zida zoyimilira zida za m'badwo wachitatu za semiconductor zimaphatikizapo gallium nitride ndi silicon carbide. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kwa bandi, kuthamanga kwambiri kwa ma elekitironi akuchulukirachulukira, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta kwambiri, komanso kulimba kwamunda, ndi zida zabwino zokonzekera kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri, ma frequency apamwamba, ndi zida zamagetsi zotayika pang'ono. Pakati pawo, zida zamagetsi za silicon carbide zili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, komanso kukula kochepa, komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto atsopano, ma photovoltaics, mayendedwe anjanji, deta yayikulu, ndi magawo ena. Zida za Gallium nitride RF zili ndi ubwino wafupipafupi, mphamvu zambiri, bandwidth yaikulu, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa ndi kukula kochepa, ndipo zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a 5G, Internet of Things, radar yankhondo ndi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zamagetsi zochokera ku gallium nitride zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pagawo lamagetsi otsika. Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zomwe zikubwera za gallium oxide zikuyembekezeka kupanga ukadaulo wogwirizana ndiukadaulo womwe ulipo wa SiC ndi GaN, ndikukhala ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito m'magawo otsika komanso okwera kwambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi zida za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu, zida za semiconductor za m'badwo wachitatu zili ndi bandgap yotakata (m'lifupi mwake bandgap ya Si, zomwe zimayambira m'badwo woyamba wa semiconductor, ndi pafupifupi 1.1eV, m'lifupi bandgap wa GaAs, wamba. zinthu za m'badwo wachiwiri semiconductor zakuthupi, pafupifupi 1.42eV, ndi bandgap m'lifupi mwake. GaN, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha m'badwo wachitatu wa semiconductor, ndi pamwamba pa 2.3eV), kukana kwamphamvu kwa radiation, kukana kwambiri kugwa kwamagetsi, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zida za m'badwo wachitatu za semiconductor zokhala ndi bandgap m'lifupi ndizoyenera kupanga zida zamagetsi zosagwira ma radiation, ma frequency apamwamba, amphamvu kwambiri komanso ophatikizika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pazida zamawayilesi a microwave, ma LED, ma lasers, zida zamagetsi ndi magawo ena akopa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo awonetsa chiyembekezo chokulirapo pamalumikizidwe am'manja, ma gridi anzeru, mayendedwe anjanji, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano, zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi ultraviolet ndi buluu. -zida zowala zobiriwira [1].