Chiyambi cha mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi ma cell amafuta

Ma cell amafuta amatha kugawidwaKusinthanitsa kwa proton membraneMa cell amafuta (PEMFC) ndikuwongolera ma cell amafuta a methanol molingana ndi ma electrolyte ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito

(DMFC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molt carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), alkaline fuel cell (AFC), etc. Mwachitsanzo, proton exchange nembane fuel cell (PEMFC) makamaka amadalira paKusinthanitsa kwa proton membranekusamutsa purotoni sing'anga, maselo amchere mafuta (AFC) ntchito zamchere madzi ofotokoza electrolyte monga potaziyamu hydroxide njira monga sing'anga pulotoni kutengerapo, etc. Komanso, malinga ndi kutentha ntchito, maselo mafuta akhoza kugawidwa mu mkulu kutentha mafuta maselo ndi kutentha otsika. Ma cell amafuta, omwe kale amaphatikiza ma cell olimba a oxide mafuta (SOFC) ndi ma cell osungunuka a carbonate mafuta (MCFC), Omalizawa amaphatikiza ma cell amafuta a proton exchange (PEMFC), ma cell amafuta a methanol (DMFC), alkaline mafuta cell (AFC), phosphoric acid mafuta cell (PAFC), etc.

Proton kusintha kwa membraneMa cell amafuta (PEMFC) amagwiritsa ntchito nembanemba ya acidic polymer yamadzi ngati ma electrolyte awo. Maselo a PEMFC ayenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa gasi weniweni wa haidrojeni chifukwa cha kutentha kwapansi (pansi pa 100 ° C) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi achitsulo abwino (maelekitirodi a platinamu). Poyerekeza ndi maselo ena amafuta, PEMFC ili ndi ubwino wa kutentha kwapansi, kuthamanga kwachangu, kuthamanga kwamphamvu, electrolyte yosawononga komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Chifukwa chake, yakhala ukadaulo wodziwika bwino womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amafuta, komanso umagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono pazida zonyamula komanso zoyima. Malinga ndi E4 Tech, kutumiza kwa mafuta a PEMFC akuyembekezeka kufika mayunitsi 44,100 mu 2019, zomwe zimawerengera 62% ya gawo lonse lapansi; Kuthekera koyikako kumafika pa 934.2MW, kuwerengera 83% ya gawo lonse lapansi.

Maselo amafuta amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrochemical reactions kuti asinthe mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kumafuta (hydrogen) pa anode ndi okosijeni (oxygen) pa cathode kukhala magetsi kuyendetsa galimoto yonse. Makamaka, zigawo zikuluzikulu za maselo amafuta zimaphatikizapo makina a injini, magetsi othandizira ndi mota; Pakati pawo, makina a injini amaphatikizanso injini yopangidwa ndi riyakitala yamagetsi, makina osungira ma haidrojeni agalimoto, makina oziziritsa komanso osinthira magetsi a DCDC. The reactor ndiye chigawo chofunikira kwambiri. Ndi malo omwe haidrojeni ndi okosijeni zimachitira. Amapangidwa ndi ma cell angapo omwe amaphatikizidwa pamodzi, ndipo zida zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo mbale ya bipolar, electrode ya membrane, mbale yomaliza ndi zina zotero.