Kukula kwa silicon ya monocrystalline kumachitika kwathunthu m'munda wotentha. Munda wabwino wamatenthedwe umathandizira kuwongolera bwino kwa makhiristo ndipo uli ndi luso lapamwamba la crystallization. Mapangidwe a malo otenthetsera amatsimikizira kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha m'malo otentha otentha komanso kutuluka kwa mpweya m'chipinda cha ng'anjo. Kusiyana kwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wotentha zimatsimikizira mwachindunji moyo wautumiki wa malo otentha. Munda wowotcha wopanda nzeru siwovuta kukula makhiristo omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira, komanso sangathe kukula monocrystalline wathunthu pansi pa zofunikira zina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani opanga silicon monocrystalline mwachindunji amawona kapangidwe ka malo otentha ngati ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri ndipo amayika ndalama zogwirira ntchito zazikulu komanso zakuthupi pakufufuza ndi chitukuko.
Thermal system imapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakumalo otentha. Timangofotokoza mwachidule zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoto wotentha. Ponena za kugawa kwa kutentha m'munda wotentha komanso momwe zimakhudzira kukoka kwa kristalo, sitidzasanthula apa. Zomwe zimatenthedwa m'munda zimatanthawuza kapangidwe kake ndi gawo lotenthetsera muchipinda choyaka moto cha kristalo, chomwe chili chofunikira pakupanga kutentha koyenera kuzungulira semiconductor kusungunuka ndi kristalo.
1. Thermal munda kapangidwe chuma
Zofunikira zothandizira njira yokoka mwachindunji kuti mukule silicon ya monocrystalline ndi graphite yoyera kwambiri. Zipangizo za graphite zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani amakono. Iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kutentha kumunda zigawo structural mongazotenthetsera, machubu otsogolera, zitsulo, machubu otsekemera, ma tray crucible, etc. pokonzekera silicon ya monocrystalline ndi njira ya Czochralski.
Zida za graphiteamasankhidwa chifukwa ndi osavuta kukonzekera m'mabuku akuluakulu, amatha kukonzedwa komanso amatsutsana ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mpweya wamtundu wa diamondi kapena graphite uli ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa chinthu chilichonse kapena pawiri. Zipangizo za graphite zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka kutentha kwambiri, ndipo makonzedwe awo amagetsi ndi matenthedwe ndi abwino kwambiri. Mapangidwe ake amagetsi amachititsa kuti akhale oyenera ngati achotenthetserazakuthupi. Lili ndi mphamvu yokhutiritsa yopangira matenthedwe, yomwe imalola kutentha kopangidwa ndi chowotcha kuti kugawidwe mofanana ku crucible ndi mbali zina za malo otentha. Komabe, pa kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka pamtunda wautali, njira yaikulu yotumizira kutentha ndi ma radiation.
Ziwalo za graphite poyamba zimapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe timakhala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timasakaniza ndi chomangira ndipo timapangidwa ndi extrusion kapena isostatic kukanikiza. Zigawo za graphite zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimapanikizidwa ndi isostatically. Chidutswa chonsecho chimapangidwa ndi kaboni kenaka chimapangidwa ndi graphit pa kutentha kwambiri, pafupi ndi 3000 ° C. Ziwalo zomwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku zidutswa zonsezi nthawi zambiri zimayeretsedwa mumlengalenga wokhala ndi chlorine pa kutentha kwambiri kuti achotse kuipitsidwa kwachitsulo kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakampani a semiconductor. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo pa kuyeretsedwa koyenera, mlingo wa kuipitsidwa kwachitsulo ndi maulamuliro angapo a ukulu kuposa omwe amaloledwa kwa zipangizo za silicon monocrystalline. Choncho, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa pakupanga malo otentha kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa kwa zigawozi kuti zisalowe m'madzi osungunuka kapena kristalo.
Zipangizo za graphite zimadutsa pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zotsalira mkati zifike pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, silicon monoxide yomwe ilipo mu gasi wotsuka mozungulira pamwamba pa graphite imatha kulowa muzinthu zambiri ndikuchitapo kanthu.
Zowotchera ng'anjo zoyambirira za monocrystalline silicon zidapangidwa ndi zitsulo zokanira monga tungsten ndi molybdenum. Ndi kukula kukula kwa graphite processing luso, katundu magetsi kugwirizana graphite zigawo zikuluzikulu zakhazikika, ndi monocrystalline pakachitsulo ng'anjo heaters kwathunthu m'malo tungsten, molybdenum ndi heaters zina. Pakalipano, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi graphite ndi isostatic graphite. ukadaulo wakudziko langa wa isostatic graphite ndi wobwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo zida zambiri za graphite zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opangira ma photovoltaic zimatumizidwa kuchokera kunja. Opanga ma graphite akunja a isostatic makamaka akuphatikizapo SGL yaku Germany, Tokai Carbon yaku Japan, Toyo Tanso yaku Japan, ndi zina zambiri. mbale ndi zigawo zina. Zophatikizira za Carbon / Carbon (C / C) ndi zida za kaboni zowonjezeredwa ndi kaboni zokhala ndi zinthu zingapo zabwino kwambiri monga mphamvu zenizeni zenizeni, modulus yapamwamba kwambiri, kuchuluka kwamafuta pang'ono, kukhathamiritsa kwamagetsi kwabwino, kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri, mphamvu yokoka yochepa, Thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance, komanso kutentha kwambiri. Pakadali pano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, kuthamanga, biomaterials ndi magawo ena ngati zida zatsopano zolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zopinga zazikulu zomwe zida zapakhomo za C/C zimakumana nazo zikadali zamtengo wapatali komanso zamakampani.
Pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda yotentha. Mpweya wokhazikika wa graphite uli ndi makina abwino; koma ndi okwera mtengo ndipo ali ndi zofunika zina pakupanga.Silicon carbide (SiC)ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuposa graphite m'mbali zambiri, koma ndi zodula kwambiri komanso zovuta kukonza zida zazikulu. Komabe, SiC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati aCVD zokutirakuonjezera moyo wa ziwalo za graphite zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mpweya wowononga wa silicon monoxide, komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa graphite. Chophimba chowundana cha CVD silicon carbide chimalepheretsa zowononga mkati mwa microporous graphite zakuthupi kuti zifike pamwamba.
Wina ndi CVD carbon, yomwe imatha kupanganso wosanjikiza pamwamba pa gawo la graphite. Zida zina zolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, monga molybdenum kapena zida za ceramic zomwe zimatha kukhala pamodzi ndi chilengedwe, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe palibe chiwopsezo choyipitsa kusungunuka. Komabe, zitsulo za oxide ceramic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito zida za graphite pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo pali zosankha zina zochepa ngati kutenthetsa kukufunika. Imodzi ndi hexagonal boron nitride (yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa white graphite chifukwa cha katundu wofanana), koma mawotchi ake ndi osauka. Molybdenum nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pakutentha kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wocheperako, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa makristasi a silicon, komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa pafupifupi 5 × 108, komwe kumalola kuipitsidwa kwa molybdenum kusanawononge mawonekedwe a kristalo.
2. Zida zotetezera kutentha
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zotchinjiriza ndi mpweya womveka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mpweya wa kaboni umapangidwa ndi ulusi wopyapyala, womwe umagwira ntchito ngati kutsekereza chifukwa umatsekereza cheza chamafuta kangapo patali pang'ono. Mpweya wofewa wa kaboniyo amalukidwa kukhala mapepala opyapyala kwambiri, omwe kenaka amawadula m’mawonekedwe omwe akufunidwa ndi kupindika molimba m’mbali yokwanira. Zovala zochiritsidwa zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zofanana za ulusi, ndipo chomangira chokhala ndi kaboni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ulusi wobalalika kukhala chinthu cholimba komanso chowoneka bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi wamankhwala kuyika kwa carbon m'malo momangira kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe a zinthuzo.
Childs, pamwamba pa matenthedwe kutchinjiriza kuchiritsa anamva wokutidwa ndi mosalekeza graphite ❖ kuyanika kapena zojambulazo kuchepetsa kukokoloka ndi kuvala komanso tinthu kuipitsidwa. Mitundu ina ya zida zodzitetezera ku carbon-based thermal insulation zilipo, monga mpweya wa carbon. Nthawi zambiri, zida zojambulidwa mwachiwonekere zimakondedwa chifukwa graphitization imachepetsa kwambiri gawo la ulusi. Kutulutsa mpweya kwa zinthu zapamtunda wapamwambazi kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yochepa kupopera ng'anjoyo kuti ikhale pa vacuum yoyenera. Chinanso ndi C / C composite material, yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe abwino monga kulemera kopepuka, kulolerana kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ntchito m'minda matenthedwe m'malo mbali graphite kwambiri amachepetsa pafupipafupi mbali graphite m'malo, bwino monocrystalline khalidwe ndi bata kupanga.
Malinga ndi gulu lazinthu zopangira, mpweya wa kaboni ukhoza kugawidwa mu polyacrylonitrile-based carbon feel, viscose-based carbon feeling, ndi phula-based carbon.
Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon feels ili ndi phulusa lalikulu. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri, ulusi umodzi umakhala wosasunthika. Pa ntchito, n'zosavuta kupanga fumbi kuipitsa ng'anjo chilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo, CHIKWANGWANI mosavuta kulowa pores ndi kupuma thirakiti thupi la munthu, amene amawononga thanzi la munthu. Viscose-based carbon kumva imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza kutentha. Zimakhala zofewa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha ndipo sizovuta kupanga fumbi. Komabe, chigawo chapakati cha viscose yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi yosakhazikika, ndipo pali ma grooves ambiri pamtunda. Ndizosavuta kupanga mipweya monga C02 pansi pa mlengalenga wotsekemera wa CZ silicon ng'anjo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi zinthu za kaboni zizikhala muzinthu za silicon monocrystalline. Opanga akuluakulu akuphatikizapo SGL yaku Germany ndi makampani ena. Pakali pano, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani a semiconductor monocrystalline ndi phula lopangidwa ndi kaboni, lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri kuposa mpweya wa viscose, koma mpweya wopangidwa ndi phula umakhala ndi chiyero chachikulu komanso kutulutsa fumbi kochepa. Opanga akuphatikizapo Kureha Chemical yaku Japan ndi Osaka Gas.
Chifukwa mawonekedwe a mpweya wa kaboni samakhazikika, ndikovuta kugwira ntchito. Tsopano makampani ambiri apanga zida zatsopano zotchinjiriza zomwe zimachokera ku carbon feel-curred carbon feeling. Mpweya wa carbon wochiritsidwa, womwe umatchedwanso hard feeling, ndi carbon yomwe imamveka ndi mawonekedwe enaake komanso katundu wodzisamalira pambuyo poti kumverera kofewa kumayikidwa ndi utomoni, laminated, kuchiritsidwa ndi carbonized.
Kukula kwa silicon ya monocrystalline kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi malo otentha, ndipo zida za carbon fiber thermal insulation zimathandizira kwambiri chilengedwechi. Mpweya wotentha wa carbon fiber wofewa umamveka udakali ndi mwayi waukulu mumakampani a photovoltaic semiconductor chifukwa cha mtengo wake, mphamvu yabwino yotchinjiriza, mawonekedwe osinthika komanso mawonekedwe osinthika. Kuphatikiza apo, kaboni fiber hard thermal insulation imawoneka kuti idzakhala ndi malo okulirapo pamsika wazinthu zotentha chifukwa cha mphamvu zake komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Ndife odzipereka ku kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m'munda wa zipangizo zotenthetsera kutentha, ndikupitiriza kukhathamiritsa ntchito mankhwala kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha photovoltaic semiconductor makampani.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-12-2024