Kodi ma elekitirodi a carbon, ma electrode a graphite ndi ma elekitirodi odziwotcha okha akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji moyenera m'mafakitale a ng'anjo ya m'madzi?

Mtundu, magwiridwe antchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode

Mtundu wa electrode

Ma electrode a Carbonaceous amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma elekitirodi a kaboni, ma elekitirodi a graphite ndi ma elekitirodi odziwotcha okha malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso kupanga.

Mpweya wa kaboni umapangidwa ndi low-ash anthracite, coke metallurgical, pitch coke ndi petroleum coke. Amapangidwa ndi gawo linalake ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Powonjezera, binder asphalt ndi phula zimasakanizidwa, ndipo kusakaniza kumagwedezeka mofanana pa kutentha koyenera. Kupanga, ndipo potsiriza pang'onopang'ono calcining mu chowotcha. Akhoza kugawidwa mu maelekitirodi achilengedwe a graphite, maelekitirodi a graphite ochita kupanga, ma elekitirodi a carbon ndi ma elekitirodi apadera a carbon.

The graphite elekitirodi (graphiteelectrode) amapangidwa ndi petroleum coke ndi phula coke monga zopangira, ndiyeno n'kuikidwa graphitized magetsi kukana ng'anjo ndi kutentha kwa 2273 ~ 2773K, ndipo amapangidwa graphite elekitirodi ndi graphitization. Ma electrode a graphite amagawidwanso mumtundu wotsatirawu.

Wamba mphamvu graphite elekitirodi amalola kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi graphite ndi kachulukidwe panopa zosakwana 17 A/cm2, ndipo makamaka ntchito ng'anjo wamba magetsi magetsi monga kupanga zitsulo, silicon kuyenga, ndi chikasu phosphorous.

Pamwamba pa anti-oxidation TACHIMATA graphite elekitirodi wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza zoteteza (graphite elekitirodi antioxidant) amene conductive ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha makutidwe ndi okosijeni, amene amachepetsa kumwa elekitirodi pa kupanga zitsulo (19% ~ 50%) ndi kutalikitsa moyo utumiki. ma elekitirodi (22% ~ 60%), kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi.

Ma electrode amphamvu kwambiri a graphite amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a graphite okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakakulu ka 18 mpaka 25 A/cm2, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'ng'anjo zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri zopangira zitsulo.

Maelekitirodi amphamvu kwambiri a graphite amalola kugwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi a graphite okhala ndi makulidwe apano kuposa 25 A/cm2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ng'anjo yamagetsi yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri.

Elekitirodi yodziphika yokha (selfbakingelectrode) pogwiritsa ntchito anthracite, coke, ndi phula ndi phula ngati zopangira, kupanga phala la elekitirodi pa kutentha kwina, kenako ndikukweza phala la electrode mumilandu ya elekitirodi yomwe yayikidwa pang'anjo yamagetsi (monga momwe zasonyezedwera. mu FIG. 1), Popanga ng'anjo yamagetsi, kutentha kwa Joule komwe kumapangidwa ndi ndimeyi yamagetsi ndi kutentha kwa conduction. m'ng'anjo muli odziwotcha okha ndi kuphika. Electrode yotereyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, ndipo imatha kupangidwa polumikizana ndi mbali yayitali ndipo imatha kuthamangitsidwa m'mimba mwake. Elekitirodi yodzipangira yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ferroalloy chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.

Chithunzi 1 Chithunzi chojambula cha chipolopolo cha electrode

1-electrode chipolopolo; 2-nthiti chidutswa; 3-triangle lilime

Main luso ntchito ma elekitirodi

Ma electrode amayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi za physicochemical:

The conductivity ndi bwino, resistivity ndi yaing'ono, kuchepetsa kutaya mphamvu ya magetsi, kuchepetsa voteji dontho la ukonde lalifupi, ndi kuonjezera mphamvu voteji kuonjezera mphamvu ya dziwe losungunuka;

Malo osungunuka ndi apamwamba;

Coefficient of thermal expansion ndi yaying'ono, pamene kutentha kumasintha mofulumira, sikophweka kukhala opunduka, ndipo kupanikizika kwapakati chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha sikungathe kupanga ming'alu yabwino kuti iwonjezere kukana;

Khalani ndi mphamvu zamakina zokwanira pa kutentha kwakukulu;

Zonyansa ndizochepa ndipo zonyansa sizimayipitsa fungo.

Zaumisiri zazikulu zama elekitirodi a carbon, elekitirodi ya graphite ndi elekitirodi yodziwotcha ikuwonetsedwa mu Table 1 ndi Zithunzi 2 ndi 3.

Table 1 Electrode luso luso

Mkuyu. 2 Kusintha kwa resistivity ya carbon elekitirodi ndi graphite elekitirodi ndi kutentha

Chithunzi 3 Kutentha kwa ma electrode a carbon ndi graphite monga ntchito ya kutentha

Kusankhidwa kwa ma electrode mumakampani a ferroalloy

Maelekitirodi odziphika okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chitsulo chosungunula chitsulo, kuyenga ferrosilicon, silicon chromium alloy, manganese silicon alloy, carbon ferromanganese, high carbon ferrochrome, sing'anga ndi otsika mpweya ferromanganese, sing'anga ndi otsika mpweya ferrochrome, pakachitsulo calcium aloyi, tungsten chitsulo Dikirani. . Ma elekitirodi odziphika okha amakonda kuonjezera kupanga ma aloyi, malamba achitsulo kukhala kaboni, ndikupanga ma aloyi achitsulo ndi zitsulo zoyera zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Ngati mpweya ferrochrome, silicon mafakitale ndi manganese zitsulo, mpweya kapena graphite electrodes ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.

碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥.青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀压制成形，最后在焙烧炉缓慢焙烧制得。可分為天石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度為2273〜2773K的石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分为以下几。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉.

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂),降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗.

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电。

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢田。

自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因