Mayiko ochulukirachulukira akuyamba kukhazikitsa zolinga zamphamvu za hydrogen, ndipo ndalama zina zikuyang'anira chitukuko chaukadaulo wa hydrogen wobiriwira. EU ndi China zikutsogolera chitukukochi, kufunafuna zopindulitsa zoyamba zaukadaulo ndi zomangamanga. Panthawiyi, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand ndi Australia onse atulutsa njira zamagetsi za hydrogen ndikupanga mapulani oyendetsa ndege kuyambira 2017. Kupanga kwa haidrojeni m'maselo a electrolytic mpaka 6GW pofika 2024 podalira mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa, ndi 40GW pofika 2030, mphamvu. Kupanga kwa haidrojeni ku EU kudzawonjezeka kufika ku 40GW ndi 40GW yowonjezera kunja kwa EU.
Mofanana ndi matekinoloje onse atsopano, haidrojeni wobiriwira akuyenda kuchokera ku kafukufuku woyambirira ndi chitukuko kupita ku chitukuko cha mafakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zotsika mtengo komanso kuwonjezeka kwachangu pakupanga, kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa. Green hydrogen LCOH imakhala ndi zigawo zitatu: mtengo wamagetsi a electrolytic, mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso ndi ndalama zina zogwirira ntchito. Ambiri, mtengo wa electrolytic selo nkhani pafupifupi 20% ~ 25% wa wobiriwira haidrojeni LCOH, ndi gawo lalikulu la magetsi (70% ~ 75%). Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndizochepa, nthawi zambiri zosakwana 5%.
Padziko lonse lapansi, mtengo wa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (makamaka mphamvu za dzuwa ndi mphepo) watsika kwambiri pazaka 30 zapitazi, ndipo mtengo wake wofanana ndi mphamvu (LCOE) tsopano uli pafupi ndi mphamvu ya malasha ($ 30-50 / MWh) , kupanga zongowonjezwdwa kukhala zokwera mtengo m'tsogolomu. Mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso ukupitilira kutsika ndi 10% pachaka, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2030 mtengo wamagetsi ongowonjezedwanso udzafika pafupifupi $20 / MWh. Ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito sizingachepetsedwe kwambiri, koma mtengo wa ma cell unit ukhoza kuchepetsedwa ndipo mtengo wophunzirira wofananawo ukuyembekezeka kwa maselo monga mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena mphepo.
Solar PV idapangidwa mu 1970s ndipo mtengo wa solar PV LCoEs mu 2010 unali pafupifupi $500 / MWh. Solar PV LCOE yatsika kwambiri kuyambira 2010 ndipo pano ili $30 mpaka $50 /MWh. Popeza kuti ukadaulo wa ma cell a electrolytic ndi ofanana ndi ma benchmark amakampani opanga ma solar photovoltaic cell, kuyambira 2020-2030, ukadaulo wa ma cell a electrolytic ukhoza kutsata njira yofanana ndi ma cell a solar photovoltaic potengera mtengo wagawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, LCOE ya mphepo yatsika kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi, koma ndi ndalama zochepa (pafupifupi 50 peresenti kumtunda ndi 60 peresenti kumtunda).
Dziko lathu limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa (monga mphamvu yamphepo, photovoltaic, hydropower) popanga ma electrolytic madzi haidrojeni, pomwe mtengo wamagetsi umayendetsedwa mu 0.25 yuan / kWh pansipa, mtengo wa hydrogen uli ndi mphamvu zachuma (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Zizindikiro zaukadaulo ndi zachuma za alkaline electrolysis ndi kupanga PEM electrolysis hydrogen zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1.
Njira yowerengera mtengo wa electrolytic hydrogen kupanga ikuwonetsedwa mu equations (1) ndi (2). LCOE= mtengo wokhazikika/(hydrogen kupanga kuchuluka kwa moyo x moyo) + mtengo wogwirira ntchito (1) Mtengo wopangira = kupanga haidrojeni kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi x mtengo wamagetsi + mtengo wamadzi + mtengo wokonza zida (2) Kutenga alkaline electrolysis ndi mapulojekiti a electrolysis a PEM (1000 Nm3/h ) mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kuti moyo wonse wa polojekitiyi ndi zaka 20 ndipo moyo wogwira ntchito ndi 9 × 104h. Mtengo wokhazikika wa phukusi la electrolytic cell, hydrogen purification device, chindapusa, chindapusa cha zomangamanga, chindapusa chokhazikitsa ndi zinthu zina zimawerengedwa pa 0.3 yuan / kWh pamagetsi amagetsi. Kuyerekeza kwa mtengo kukuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira ma haidrojeni, ngati mtengo wamagetsi wa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi wotsika kuposa 0,25 yuan / kWh, mtengo wa hydrogen wobiriwira ukhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka pafupifupi 15 yuan / kg, zomwe zimayamba kukhala ndi phindu. Pankhani ya kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wopangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kukula kwakukulu kwa ntchito zopanga ma hydrogen, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zama cell a electrolytic ndi ndalama zogulira ndalama, komanso chitsogozo cha msonkho wa kaboni ndi mfundo zina, msewu. kuchepetsa mtengo wa hydrogen wobiriwira kudzakhala komveka bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa kupanga haidrojeni kuchokera ku mphamvu zachikhalidwe kudzasakanizidwa ndi zonyansa zambiri monga carbon, sulfure ndi klorini, ndi mtengo wa kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu ndi CCUS, mtengo weniweni wopangira ukhoza kupitirira 20 yuan / kg.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-06-2023