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Kampani yamafuta yaku Italy Eni ikuyika ndalama zokwana $50m ku Commonwealth Fusion Systems, MIT spinout yomwe ikugwirizana ndi bungwe lopanga maginito apamwamba kwambiri kuti apange mphamvu ya zero-carbon pakuyesa mphamvu yophatikizira yotchedwa SPARC. Julian Turner alandila kutsika kwa CEO Robert Mumgaard.
Mkati mwa maholo opatulika a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) kusintha kwa mphamvu kukuchitika. Pambuyo pakupita patsogolo kwazaka zambiri, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya fusion yakonzeka kuti itenge tsiku lake komanso kuti mphamvu zopanda malire, zopanda kuyaka, mphamvu za kaboni ziro zitha kupezeka.
Chimphona champhamvu cha ku Italy Eni agawana chiyembekezochi, akuyika ndalama zokwana €50m ($62m) pantchito yothandizana ndi MIT's Plasma Fusion and Science Center (PSFC) ndi kampani yabizinesi ya Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuthamangitsa magetsi ophatikizika pagululi. m'zaka zosachepera 15.
Kuwongolera kusakanikirana, njira yomwe imapatsa mphamvu dzuwa ndi nyenyezi, imayimitsidwa ndi vuto lakale: pamene mchitidwewu umatulutsa mphamvu zambiri, ukhoza kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mamiliyoni a madigiri Celsius, otentha kuposa pakati pa dzuwa, ndi kutentha kwambiri moti chinthu chilichonse cholimba sichingapirire.
Chifukwa cha vuto la kutsekereza mafuta ophatikizika m'mikhalidwe yovutayi, kuyesa kwamagetsi ophatikizika, mpaka pano, kukuyenda movutikira, kutulutsa mphamvu zochepa kuposa zomwe zimafunikira kuti zisungidwe, motero akulephera kupanga magetsi opangira magetsi. grid.
“Kufufuza kophatikizana kwaphunziridwa mozama m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zachititsa kupita patsogolo kwa kamvedwe ka sayansi ndi matekinoloje a mphamvu ya kuphatikizika,” akutero Mkulu wa CFS Robert Mumgaard.
"CFS ikugulitsa kuphatikizika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapamwamba, pomwe tikupanga maginito atsopano apamwamba kuti apange zida zazing'ono zophatikizira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofananira ndi mapologalamu akuluakulu aboma. Kuti tichite zimenezi, CFS imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi MIT mu ntchito yothandizana, kuyambira ndi kupanga maginito atsopano.”
Chipangizo cha SPARC chimagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu kuti agwire plasma yotentha - supu ya gaseous ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono - kuti tipewe kukhudzana ndi gawo lililonse la chipinda cha vacuum chooneka ngati donut.
"Vuto lalikulu ndikupanga plasma pamikhalidwe yoti fusion ichitike kuti ipange mphamvu yochulukirapo kuposa momwe imawonongera," akufotokoza Mumgaard. "Izi zimadalira kwambiri gawo laling'ono la physics lotchedwa plasma physics."
Kuyesera kophatikizikaku kudapangidwa kuti kupangitse kutentha kwa 100MW mumagetsi amasekondi khumi, mphamvu yochulukirapo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mzinda wawung'ono. Koma, monga SPARC ndikuyesa, sikungaphatikizepo machitidwe osinthira mphamvu yophatikizira kukhala magetsi.
Asayansi ku MIT amayembekeza kuti zotulutsa zitha kuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi a m'magazi, pomaliza kukwaniritsa cholinga chachikulu chaukadaulo: mphamvu yabwino yochokera ku fusion.
"Kuphatikizika kumachitika mkati mwa madzi a m'magazi omwe amasungidwa m'malo mwake ndikutetezedwa ndi maginito," akutero Mumgaard. "Izi zili ngati botolo la maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa botolo la maginito kutsekereza madzi a m'magazi kuti athe kufikira momwe amaphatikizidwira.
"Chotero, ngati titha kupanga maginito amphamvu titha kupanga madzi a m'magazi omwe amatha kutentha kwambiri komanso kuonda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti apitirizebe. Ndipo ndi ma plasma abwino titha kupanga zidazo kukhala zazing'ono komanso zosavuta kupanga ndikuzipanga.
"Ndi ma superconductors otentha kwambiri, tili ndi chida chatsopano chopangira maginito amphamvu kwambiri, motero mabotolo abwinoko komanso ang'onoang'ono a maginito. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zitipangitsa kuphatikizika mwachangu. ”
Mumgaard akunena za m'badwo watsopano wa ma electromagnets akuluakulu omwe amatha kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yowirikiza kawiri kuposa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa fusion iliyonse yomwe ilipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zowonjezera ziwonjezeke kakhumi pa kukula kwake.
Wopangidwa kuchokera ku tepi yachitsulo yokutidwa ndi chinthu chotchedwa yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO), maginito atsopano a superconducting athandiza SPARC kutulutsa mphamvu yophatikizira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a ITER koma mu chipangizo chomwe chili pafupifupi 1/65 the kuchuluka.
Pochepetsa kukula, mtengo, nthawi komanso zovuta zamagulu zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange zida zamagetsi zophatikizika, maginito a YBCO athandiziranso njira zatsopano zamaphunziro ndi zamalonda, kuphatikizira mphamvu.
"SPARC ndi ITER onse ndi tokamaks, mtundu wina wa botolo la maginito lozikidwa pa sayansi yowonjezereka ya chitukuko cha plasma physics kwa zaka zambiri," akufotokoza Mumgaard.
"SPARC idzagwiritsa ntchito maginito am'badwo wotsatira wa maginito apamwamba kwambiri (HTS) omwe amalola kuti pakhale mphamvu ya maginito yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maginito azitha kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
"Tikukhulupirira kuti ichi chikhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kusakanikirana kwanthawi yogwirizana ndi nyengo komanso chinthu chokongola pazachuma."
Pankhani yanthawi komanso kuthekera kwamalonda, SPARC ndikusinthika kwamapangidwe a tokamak omwe adaphunziridwa ndikuyeretsedwa kwazaka zambiri, kuphatikiza ntchito ku MIT yomwe idayamba m'ma 1970.
Kuyesera kwa PARC cholinga chake ndi kukonza njira yopangira magetsi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi okhala ndi mphamvu yofikira 200MW yamagetsi, kuyerekeza ndi mafakitale ambiri opanga magetsi amagetsi.
Ngakhale pali kukayikira kwakukulu kokhudza mphamvu ya fusion - Eni ali ndi masomphenya amtsogolo kuti akhale kampani yoyamba yamafuta padziko lonse lapansi kuyika ndalama zambiri mmenemo - olimbikitsa amakhulupirira kuti njirayi ikhoza kukwaniritsa gawo lalikulu la mphamvu zomwe zikukula padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe nthawi yomweyo ikuphwanya. mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Sikelo yaying'ono yothandizidwa ndi maginito atsopano a superconducting amatha kupangitsa njira yachangu, yotsika mtengo yopita kumagetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu yophatikizika pagululi.
Eni ikuyerekeza kuti idzawononga $ 3bn kupanga 200MW fusion reactor pofika 2033. Ntchito ya ITER, mgwirizano pakati pa Ulaya, US, China, India, Japan, Russia ndi South Korea, ili pafupi ndi theka la cholinga chake chapamwamba kwambiri. -kuyezetsa plasma kuyesa ndi 2025 ndi woyamba mphamvu zonse maphatikizidwe ndi 2035, ndipo ali ndi bajeti pafupifupi €20bn. Monga ndi SPRC, ITER idapangidwa kuti isapange magetsi.
Chifukwa chake, ndi gridi yaku US ikuchoka pamagetsi amagetsi a monolithic 2GW-3GW kapena ma fission kupita kwa omwe ali mumtundu wa 100MW-500MW, mphamvu yophatikizira imatha kupikisana pamsika wovuta - ndipo, ngati ndi choncho, liti?
"Pakadali kafukufuku woti achitidwe, koma zovuta zimadziwika, zatsopano zatsopano zikulozera njira yofulumizitsa zinthu, osewera atsopano monga CFS akubweretsa chidwi chamalonda ku mavuto ndipo sayansi yoyambira ndi yokhwima," akutero Mumgaard.
"Timakhulupirira kuti kuphatikizika kuli pafupi kwambiri kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Dzimvetserani." jQuery( chikalata ).ready(function() {/* Companies carousel */ jQuery('.carousel').slick({ madontho: zoona, zopanda malire: zoona, liwiro: 300, lazyLoad: 'ondend', slidesToShow: 1, slidesToScroll: 1, adaptiveHeight: zoona}});
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-18-2019