Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ na uru nke mkpokọ mmanụ ụgbọala hydrogen

Mmanụ sell bụ ụdị ngwaọrụ ngbanwe ike, nke nwere ike ịtụgharị ike eletrik nke mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ike eletrik. A na-akpọ ya mmanụ ọkụ n'ihi na ọ bụ ngwaọrụ na-emepụta ike eletrik yana batrị. Mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ nke na-eji hydrogen dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala bụ mmanụ ọkụ hydrogen. Enwere ike ịghọta cell mmanụ hydrogen dị ka mmeghachi omume nke mmiri electrolysis n'ime hydrogen na oxygen. Usoro mmeghachi omume nke mmanụ ụgbọala hydrogen dị ọcha ma dị irè. Igwe mmanụ hydrogen anaghị ejedebe site na 42% thermal arụmọrụ nke Carnot okirikiri ejiri na injin ụgbọ ala ọdịnala, yana arụmọrụ nwere ike iru karịa 60%.

N'adịghị ka rọketi, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ hydrogen na-emepụta ike kinetic site na mmeghachi omume ike nke hydrogen na combustion oxygen, ma hapụ Gibbs ike efu na hydrogen site na ngwaọrụ catalytic. Gibbs free ike bụ ike electrochemical metụtara entropy na echiche ndị ọzọ. Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke cell mmanụ ụgbọala bụ na hydrogen na-emebi n'ime hydrogen ion (ie protons) na electrons site na ihe na-eme ka (Platinum) na electrode ziri ezi nke cell. Ions hydrogen na-agafe akpụkpọ ahụ proton na-adịghị mma na ikuku oxygen na-eme ka ọ ghọọ mmiri na okpomọkụ, na electrons kwekọrọ na ya na-esi na electrode ziri ezi gaa na electrode na-adịghị mma site na sekit dịpụrụ adịpụ iji mepụta ike eletrik.

N'imemkpokọ mmanụ ụgbọala, A na-eme mmeghachi omume nke hydrogen na oxygen, ma enwere nnyefe ụgwọ na usoro ahụ, na-akpata ugbu a. N'otu oge ahụ, hydrogen na-emeghachi omume na oxygen iji mepụta mmiri.
Dị ka ọdọ mmiri mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, isi teknụzụ bụ isi nke mkpokọ mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ bụ “proton Exchange membrane”. Akụkụ abụọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ dị nso na oyi akwa ihe na-eme ka ikuku hydrogen ghọọ ion ebubo. Ebe ọ bụ na molekul hydrogen dị ntakịrị, hydrogen na-ebu eletrọn nwere ike isi n'obere oghere ndị dị na fim ahụ gawa n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, na usoro nke hydrogen na-ebu electrons na-agafe na oghere nke ihe nkiri ahụ, a na-ewepụ electrons na ụmụ irighiri ihe, na-ahapụ naanị protons hydrogen dị mma iji ruo n'akụkụ nke ọzọ site na ihe nkiri ahụ.
Proton hydrogenna-adọrọ mmasị na electrode dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ ma jikọta ya na ikuku oxygen. Efere electrode nke dị n'akụkụ abụọ nke ihe nkiri ahụ kewara hydrogen ka ọ bụrụ ion hydrogen na electrons dị mma, wee kewaa oxygen n'ime atom oxygen iji jide electrons wee gbanwee ha ka ọ bụrụ ion oxygen (ọkụ eletrik na-adịghị mma). Electrons na-etolite ugbu a n'etiti efere electrode, na ion hydrogen abụọ na otu ion oxygen jikọtara na-eme mmiri, nke na-aghọ naanị "ihe mkpofu" na usoro mmeghachi omume. N'ikpeazụ, usoro ọrụ niile bụ usoro mmepụta ike. Site na ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume oxidation, a na-ebufe electrons na-aga n'ihu iji mepụta ugbu a achọrọ iji kwọọ ụgbọ ala.