Semiconductor bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ eletriki na ụlọ okpomọkụ dị n'etiti nke onye nduzi na ihe mkpuchi. Dị ka waya ọla kọpa na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, waya aluminom bụ onye nduzi, na roba bụ ihe mkpuchi. Site n'echiche nke conductivity: semiconductor na-ezo aka na njikwa conductivity, sitere na insulator ruo onye nduzi.
N'oge mmalite nke chips semiconductor, silicon abụghị onye ọkpụkpọ bụ isi, germanium bụ. Transistor nke mbụ bụ transistor dabere na germanium yana mgbawa sekit nke mbụ agbakwunyere bụ mgbawa germanium.
Agbanyeghị, germanium nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu siri ike, dị ka ọtụtụ ntụpọ interface na semiconductor, nkwụsi ike na-ekpo ọkụ na-adịghị mma, na njupụta nke oxides ezughi oke. Ọzọkwa, germanium bụ ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe, ihe dị n'ime eriri ụwa bụ naanị akụkụ asaa kwa nde, na nkesa germanium ore na-agbasasịkwa nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ kpọmkwem n'ihi na germanium dị nnọọ ụkọ, nkesa adịghị etinye uche, na-akpata ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke ngwaahịa germanium; Ihe dị ụkọ, ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa dị elu, na transistor germanium adịghị ọnụ ala ebe ọ bụla, ya mere transistor germanium siri ike imepụta ọtụtụ ihe.
Ya mere, ndị na-eme nchọpụta, ihe na-elekwasị anya n'ọmụmụ ihe na-amali elu otu ọkwa, na-ele silicon. Enwere ike ịsị na mmejọ niile nke germanium bụ uru ọmụmụ nke silicon.
1, silicon bụ ihe nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na-esote oxygen, mana ị nweghị ike ịhụ silicon na okike, ogige ya na-ahụkarị bụ silica na silicates. Silica bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke ájá. Na mgbakwunye, feldspar, granite, quartz na ogige ndị ọzọ dabere na ogige silicon-oxygen.
2. The thermal kwụsie ike nke silicon dị mma, na a ok, elu dielectric mgbe nile oxide, nwere ike mfe kwadebe a silicon-silicon oxide interface na ole na ole interface ntụpọ.
3. Silicon oxide bụ insoluble na mmiri (germanium oxide bụ insoluble na mmiri) na insoluble na ọtụtụ acid, nke bụ nanị corrosion ebipụta technology nke e biri ebi sekit mbadamba. Ngwaahịa a jikọtara ọnụ bụ usoro nhazi sekit agbakwunyere na-aga n'ihu ruo taa.
Oge nzipu: Jul-31-2023