Nkwalite nhazi nke pore carbon pore -Ⅱ

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Usoro ịgbalite anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ

Usoro ịgbalite anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ na-ezo aka n'usoro a na-esi akwadebe ihe ndị nwere porous site na ijikọta ụzọ abụọ a dị n'elu mgbake. N'ozuzu, a na-ebu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ ịgbalite kemịkalụ, emesịa arụkwa ọrụ anụ ahụ. Mbụ soak cellulose na 68% ~ 85% H3PO4 ngwọta na 85 ℃ maka 2h, mgbe ahụ carbonized ya na muffle ọkụ maka 4h, wee rụọ ọrụ ya na CO2. Ebe a kapịrị ọnụ nke carbon arụ ọrụ enwetara dị ka 3700m2·g-1. Gbalịa iji eriri sisal dị ka akụrụngwa, wee mee ka eriri carbon arụ ọrụ (ACF) nwetara site na H3PO4 ịgbalite otu ugboro, kpoo ya ọkụ ruo 830 ℃ n'okpuru nchebe N2, wee jiri vapor mmiri dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke abụọ. Ebe dị elu nke ACF nwetara mgbe 60min rụchara ọrụ ka emelitere nke ọma.

 

Ngosipụta nke arụ ọrụ nhazi pore nke agbanyerecarbon

 
E gosipụtara ụzọ njirimara arụmọrụ carbon arụ ọrụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ntụzịaka ngwa na Tebụl 2. Enwere ike ịnwale njirimara nhazi pore nke ihe ahụ site na akụkụ abụọ: nyocha data na nyocha onyonyo.

 

Ọganihu nyocha nke teknụzụ njikarịcha ihe owuwu pore nke carbon arụrụ ọrụ

Ọ bụ ezie na carbon na-arụ ọrụ nwere pores bara ụba na nnukwu ebe elu, ọ nwere arụmọrụ dị mma n'ọtụtụ mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ya sara mbara akụrụngwa selectivity na mgbagwoju ọnọdụ nkwadebe, okokụre ngwaahịa n'ozuzu nwere ọghọm nke chaotic pore Ọdịdị, dị iche iche kpọmkwem n'elu ebe, disordered pore size nkesa, na mmachi elu chemical Njirimara. Ya mere, e nwere adịghị ike dị ka nnukwu onunu ogwu na warara mgbanwe na ngwa ngwa, nke na-apụghị izute ahịa chọrọ. Ya mere, ọ bara uru iji kwalite na ịhazi nhazi ahụ ma melite arụmọrụ ojiji ya zuru oke. Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ịkwalite na ịhazi ihe owuwu pore gụnyere nhazi kemịkalụ, ngwakọta polymer, na ụkpụrụ ịgbalite catalytic.

 

Nkà na ụzụ ụkpụrụ kemịkalụ

Teknụzụ ụkpụrụ nchịkwa kemịkalụ na-ezo aka na usoro ịgbalite nke abụọ (mgbanwe) nke ihe ndị porous enwetara mgbe emechara ya na reagents kemịkalụ, na-emebi pores mbụ, ịgbasa micropores, ma ọ bụ n'ihu na-eke micropores ọhụrụ iji bulie mpaghara elu akọwapụtara na oghere pore nke ihe ahụ. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ngwaahịa a rụchara nke otu ntinye na-emikpu n'ime oge 0.5 ~ 4 nke ngwọta kemịkalụ iji mezie ihe owuwu pore na ịbawanye ebe elu. Enwere ike iji ụdị acid na alkali dị iche iche dị ka reagents maka ịgbalite nke abụọ.

 

Teknụzụ mgbanwe mgbanwe acid elu oxidation

Acid n'elu oxidation mgbanwe bụ usoro iwu nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. N'oge okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, acid oxidants nwere ike ime ka pores dị n'ime carbon arụ ọrụ, melite ogo pore ya, ma wepụ pores egbochiri. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha nke ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ na-elekwasị anya na mgbanwe nke inorganic acid. HN03 bụ oxidant a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta na-ejikwa HN03 iji gbanwee carbon arụ ọrụ. Tong Li et al. [28] chọpụtara na HN03 nwere ike ịbawanye ọdịnaya nke ikuku oxygen na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere nitrogen n'elu carbon na-arụ ọrụ ma melite mmetụta mgbasa ozi nke mercury.

Na-agbanwe carbon na-arụ ọrụ na HN03, mgbe emezigharịrị, akụkụ elu nke carbon na-arụ ọrụ na-ebelata site na 652m2·g-1 ruo 241m2·g-1, nkezi pore size mụbara site na 1.27nm ruo 1.641nm, yana ikike adsorption nke benzophenone. mmanụ ụgbọala simulated mụbara site na 33.7%. Mgbanwe osisi na-arụ ọrụ carbon na 10% na 70% olu nke HN03, otu. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na akụkụ elu nke carbon arụ ọrụ gbanwere na 10% HN03 mụbara site na 925.45m2 · g-1 ruo 960.52m2 · g-1; mgbe mgbanwe na 70% HN03, kpọmkwem n'elu ebe ebelata ka 935.89m2·g-1. Ọnụego mwepu nke Cu2+ site na carbon arụnyere arụ ọrụ emegharịrị ya na ntinye abụọ nke HN03 karịrị 70% na 90%, n'otu n'otu.

Maka carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke a na-eji na mpaghara mgbasa ozi, mmetụta mgbasa ozi na-adabere ọ bụghị nanị na nhazi nke pore kamakwa n'elu ihe ndị dị na kemịkalụ nke adsorbent. Ọdịdị nke pore na-ekpebi ebe elu kpọmkwem na ikike mgbasa ozi nke carbon arụ ọrụ, ebe ihe ndị dị n'elu na-emetụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti carbon na adsorbate na-arụ ọrụ. N'ikpeazụ, achọpụtara na mgbanwe acid nke carbon na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị dozie usoro pore n'ime carbon a na-arụ ọrụ ma kpochapụ pores egbochiri, ma na-abawanye ọdịnaya nke otu acidic n'elu ihe ahụ ma welie polarity na hydrophilicity nke elu. . Ike mgbasa ozi nke EDTA site na carbon arụ ọrụ nke HCI gbanwere site na 49.5% ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ahụ tupu mgbanwe, nke dị mma karịa nke mgbanwe HNO3.

Carbon arụnyere n'ọrụ azụmahịa nwere HNO3 na H2O2 n'otu n'otu! Ebe ndị a kapịrị ọnụ mgbe emezigharịrị bụ 91.3% na 80.8% nke ndị tupu mgbanwe, n'otu n'otu. Agbakwunyere otu ọrụ ọhụrụ nwere oxygen dị ka carboxyl, carbonyl na phenol n'elu. Ikike mgbasa ozi nke nitrobenzene site na mgbanwe HNO3 bụ ihe kacha mma, nke bụ ugboro 3.3 tupu mgbanwe ahụ. A na-achọpụta na mmụba nke ọdịnaya nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ oxygen na-arụ ọrụ na carbon na-arụ ọrụ mgbe mgbanwe acid na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ nke elu. isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem n'ịkwalite ikike mgbasa ozi nke adsorbate lekwasịrị anya.

E jiri ya tụnyere acid inorganic, enwere akụkọ ole na ole gbasara mgbanwe nke organic acid nke carbon arụrụ ọrụ. Tulee mmetụta nke mgbanwe organic acid na njirimara nhazi nke pore nke carbon na-arụ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi nke methanol. Mgbe emezigharịrị, mpaghara elu akọwapụtara na mkpokọta pore nke carbon arụrụ ọrụ belatara. Ka acidity siri ike, nke ukwuu na-ebelata. Mgbe emezigharịrị ya na oxalic acid, tartaric acid na citric acid, akụkụ elu nke carbon arụ ọrụ belatara site na 898.59m2 · g-1 ruo 788.03m2 · g-1, 685.16m2 · g-1 na 622.98m2 · g-1 n'otu n'otu. Otú ọ dị, microporosity nke carbon na-arụ ọrụ mụbara mgbe mgbanwe. Microporosity nke carbon arụnyere na citric acid gbagoro site na 75.9% ruo 81.5%.

Mgbanwe nke oxalic acid na tartaric acid bara uru maka mgbasa ozi nke methanol, ebe citric acid nwere mmetụta mgbochi. Agbanyeghị, J.Paul Chen et al. [35] chọpụtara na carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke ejiri citric acid gbanwee nwere ike ịkwalite mgbasa ozi ion ọla kọpa. Lin Tang et al. [36] gbanwetụrụ carbon arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ yana formic acid, oxalic acid na aminosulfonic acid. Mgbe emezigharị ya, a na-ebelata oke elu na oke pore. Otu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ oxygen nwere oxygen dị ka 0-HC-0, C-0 na S=0 ka e hiwere n'elu ngwaahịa a rụchara, na ọwa na-enweghị isi na kristal ọcha pụtara. Ikike nnabata nke acetone na isopropanol mụbara nke ukwuu.

 

Teknụzụ mgbanwe mgbanwe alkaline

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta jikwa ihe ngwọta alkaline rụọ ọrụ nke abụọ na carbon arụnyere. Wepu carbon arụ ọrụ nke sitere na coal arụrụ n'ụlọ na ngwọta Na0H nke ntinye dị iche iche iji chịkwaa ihe owuwu pore. Nsonaazụ gosiri na ntanye alkali dị ala na-eme ka mmụba pore na mgbasawanye. E nwetara mmetụta kachasị mma mgbe nchịkọta oke dị 20%. Carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nwere mpaghara elu kachasị elu (681m2 · g-1) na ụda pore (0.5916cm3 · g-1). Mgbe mkpokọta mkpokọta nke Na0H gafere 20%, a na-ebibi ihe owuwu pore nke carbon na-arụ ọrụ na usoro ihe owuwu pore na-amalite ibelata. Nke a bụ n'ihi na nchịkọta dị elu nke ngwọta Na0H ga-emebi skeleton carbon na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke pores ga-ada.

Na-akwadebe carbon arụ ọrụ dị elu site na ngwakọta polymer. Ndị na-ebute ụzọ bụ furfural resin na mmanya furfuryl, na ethylene glycol bụ ihe na-emepụta pore. A na-achịkwa ihe owuwu pore site n'ịgbanwe ọdịnaya nke polymers atọ ahụ, a na-enwetakwa ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ nwere oghere dị n'etiti 0.008 na 5 μm. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta egosila na ihe nkiri polyurethane-imide (PUI) nwere ike ịbụ carbonized iji nweta ihe nkiri carbon, a pụkwara ịchịkwa ihe owuwu pore site n'ịgbanwe usoro ihe omimi nke polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Mgbe PUI na-ekpo ọkụ ruo 200 Celsius, PU na polyimide (PI) ga-emepụta. Mgbe okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-ebili na 400 ° C, PU pyrolysis na-emepụta gas, na-eme ka e guzobe usoro pore na ihe nkiri PI. Mgbe carbonization gasịrị, a na-enweta ihe nkiri carbon. Na mgbakwunye, usoro ngwakọta polymer nwekwara ike imeziwanye ụfọdụ ihe anụ ahụ na akụrụngwa nke ihe ahụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ

 

Nkà na ụzụ ụkpụrụ ịgbalite catalytic

Nkà na ụzụ na-eme ka catalytic rụọ ọrụ bụ n'ezie ngwakọta nke usoro ịgbalite kemịkalụ na usoro ịgba ọkụ gas dị elu. N'ozuzu, a na-agbakwunye kemịkalụ kemịkalụ na akụrụngwa dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, a na-ejikwa ihe ndị na-eme ka ikuku na-enyere aka na carbonization ma ọ bụ usoro ịgbalite iji nweta ihe ndị nwere ikuku carbon. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ọla na-enwekarị mmetụta catalytic, mana mmetụta catalytic dị iche iche.

N'ezie, ọ naghị enwekarị oke doro anya n'etiti ụkpụrụ ịgbalite kemịkalụ yana ụkpụrụ ịgbalite ngwa ngwa nke ihe porous. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ụzọ abụọ a na-agbakwụnye reagents n'oge carbonization na ebighị usoro. The kpọmkwem ọrụ nke ndị a reagents na-ekpebi ma usoro bụ nke udi nke catalytic ebighị.

Ọdịdị nke ihe carbon porous n'onwe ya, ihe anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke ihe na-akpata, ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume catalytic na usoro ntinye ihe nwere ike inwe ogo dị iche iche na mmetụta nchịkwa. Iji bituminous coal dị ka akụrụngwa, Mn(N03)2 na Cu(N03)2 dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali nwere ike ịkwadebe porous ihe nwere metal oxides. Ọnụ ego nke ígwè oxides kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike imeziwanye porosity na pore olu, mana mmetụta catalytic nke ọla dị iche iche dịtụ iche. Cu (N03) 2 nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke pores na oke nke 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Na mgbakwunye, ígwè oxides na inorganic salts dị n'ime ntụ ihe ga-ekerekwa òkè na-akpali akpali na usoro ịgbalite. Xie Qiang et al. [42] kwenyere na mmeghachi omume mmeghari catalytic nke ihe ndị dị ka calcium na ígwè n'ime ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịkwalite mmepe nke pores. Mgbe ọdịnaya nke ihe abụọ a dị oke elu, oke nke ọkara na nnukwu pores na ngwaahịa na-abawanye nke ukwuu.

 

Mmechi

Ọ bụ ezie na carbon arụ ọrụ, dị ka ihe ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ porous carbon a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ekerewo òkè dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ na ndụ, ọ ka nwere ikike dị ukwuu maka nkwalite na mgbasawanye akụrụngwa, mbelata ọnụ ahịa, mmelite mma, nkwalite ume, mgbatị ndụ na nkwalite ike. . Ịchọta akụrụngwa carbon arụ ọrụ dị elu ma dị ọnụ ala, ịzụlite teknụzụ mmepụta carbon dị ọcha ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na njikarịcha na ịhazi usoro pore nke carbon arụrụ ọrụ dị ka mpaghara ngwa dị iche iche ga-abụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka ịkwalite ogo ngwaahịa carbon na-arụ ọrụ na ịkwalite. mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ carbon arụ ọrụ.