Okwu mmalite nke ọgbọ nke atọ semiconductor GaN na teknụzụ epitaxial metụtara ya

1. semiconductors ọgbọ nke atọ

Emepụtara teknụzụ semiconductor ọgbọ mbụ dabere na ihe semiconductor dị ka Si na Ge. Ọ bụ ihe ndabere ihe maka mmepe nke transistor na teknụzụ sekit jikọtara ọnụ. Ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ mbụ tọrọ ntọala maka ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị na narị afọ nke 20 ma bụrụ ihe bụ isi maka teknụzụ sekit jikọtara ọnụ.

Ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke abụọ gụnyere gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, indium arsenide, aluminum arsenide na ogige ternary ha. Ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke abụọ bụ ntọala nke ụlọ ọrụ ozi optoelectronic. Na ndabere nke a, e mepụtala ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya dị ka ọkụ, ihe ngosi, laser, na fotovoltaics. A na-eji ha eme ihe na teknụzụ ozi nke oge a yana ụlọ ọrụ ngosi optoelectronic.

Ihe nnọchite anya ihe semiconductor ọgbọ nke atọ gụnyere gallium nitride na silicon carbide. N'ihi oghere dị obosara ha, ngwa ngwa saturation elektrọn dị elu, ịdị elu thermal conductivity, na ike mgbawa dị elu, ha bụ ihe dị mma maka ịkwadebe njupụta ike dị elu, ugboro ugboro na ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị dị ala. N'ime ha, ngwaọrụ silicon carbide nwere uru nke njupụta ume dị elu, obere ume ike, na obere nha, ma nwee atụmanya ngwa ngwa n'ime ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, fotovoltaics, ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nnukwu data na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Ngwa Gallium nitride RF nwere uru nke ugboro dị elu, ike dị elu, bandwidth obosara, obere ike oriri na obere nha, ma nwee atụmanya ngwa ngwa na nkwukọrịta 5G, Ịntanetị nke ihe, radar agha na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-eji ngwaọrụ gallium nitride ike mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mpaghara obere voltaji. Na mgbakwunye, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-atụ anya na ihe gallium oxide na-apụta ga-emepụta nkwado teknụzụ na teknụzụ SiC na GaN dị adị, ma nwee atụmanya ngwa ngwa na mpaghara obere obere na voltaji dị elu.

E jiri ya tụnyere ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke abụọ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe nke atọ nwere obosara bandgap (obosara bandgap nke Si, ihe a na-ahụkarị nke ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ mbụ, bụ ihe dịka 1.1eV, obosara bandgap nke GaAs, nke a na-ahụkarị. ihe nke ọgbọ nke abụọ semiconductor ihe, bụ ihe dị ka 1.42eV, na bandgap obosara nke GaN, a na-ahụkarị ihe onwunwe nke Ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ, dị n'elu 2.3eV), nguzogide radieshon siri ike, nkwụsi ike na nkwụsị ọkụ eletrik, na nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu. Ihe semiconductor nke ọgbọ nke atọ na obosara bandgap obosara dabara adaba maka mmepụta nke radieshon na-eguzogide, ugboro ugboro, ike dị elu na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa eletriki. Ngwa ha na ngwa ngwa redio ugboro ugboro, LEDs, lasers, ngwaọrụ ike na mpaghara ndị ọzọ adọtala anya nke ukwuu, ha egosiwokwa atụmanya mmepe sara mbara na nkwukọrịta mkpanaka, grids smart, ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, ngwa elektrọn ndị ahịa, na ultraviolet na acha anụnụ anụnụ. - ngwaọrụ ọkụ ndụ ndụ [1].