Mba ndị ọzọ na-amalite isetịpụ ebumnuche ebumnuche maka ike hydrogen, na itinye ego ụfọdụ na-akwalite mmepe teknụzụ hydrogen green. EU na China na-eduga mmepe a, na-achọ uru ndị mbụ na-ebu na teknụzụ na akụrụngwa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Japan, South Korea, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand na Australia ewepụtala atụmatụ ike ike hydrogen ma mepụta atụmatụ pilot kemgbe 2017. Na 2021, EU nyere usoro ihe achọrọ maka ike hydrogen, na-atụ aro ịbawanye ikike ọrụ. nke mmepụta hydrogen na sel electrolytic ruo 6GW site na 2024 site na ịdabere na ikuku na ike anyanwụ, na 40GW site na 2030, ikike mmepụta hydrogen na EU ga- a ga-abawanye na 40GW site na 40GW ọzọ na mpụga EU.
Dị ka ọ dị na teknụzụ ọhụrụ niile, hydrogen na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-esi na nyocha na mmepe nke mbụ na-aga n'ihu na mmepe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-ebute ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ala dị ala yana ịbawanye arụmọrụ na nhazi, ihe owuwu na ntinye. Green hydrogen LCOH nwere ihe atọ: ọnụ ahịa cell electrolytic, ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na ụgwọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'ozuzu, ọnụ ahịa nke cell electrolytic maka ihe dịka 20% ~ 25% nke hydrogen green LCOH, na oke ọkụ eletrik (70% ~ 75%). Ọnụ ego ọrụ dị ntakịrị, n'ozuzu ya na-erughị 5%.
Na mba ụwa, ọnụahịa nke ume ọhụrụ (karịsịa anyanwụ na ikuku na-arụ ọrụ) adaala nke ukwuu n'ime afọ 30 gara aga, ọnụ ahịa ike ya nhata (LCOE) dịkwa nso ugbu a nke ike ọkụ (30-50 / MWh). , na-eme ka mmeghari ohuru dịkwuo ọnụ-asọmpi n'ọdịnihu. Ọnụ ego ume ọhụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-ada site na 10% kwa afọ, na n'ihe dị ka afọ 2030, ụgwọ ume ọhụrụ ga-eru ihe dị ka $20 /MWh. Enweghị ike ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ nke ukwuu, mana enwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa otu mkpụrụ ndụ yana a na-atụ anya usoro ọnụ mmụta mmụta yiri ya maka sel maka ike anyanwụ ma ọ bụ ikuku.
Emepụtara anyanwụ PV n'afọ ndị 1970 yana ọnụ ahịa PV LCoE nke anyanwụ na 2010 bụ ihe dịka $500 /MWh. Solar PV LCOE ebelatala nke ukwuu kemgbe 2010 ma bụrụ $30 ruo $50 /MWh ugbu a. Nyere na teknụzụ cell electrolytic yiri akara ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe maka mmepụta cell fotovoltaic nke anyanwụ, site na 2020-2030, nkà na ụzụ cell electrolytic nwere ike na-agbaso ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ fotovoltaic anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara ọnụ ahịa otu. N'otu oge ahụ, LCOE maka ifufe agbadala nke ukwuu n'ime afọ iri gara aga, mana site na obere ego (ihe dị ka pasent 50 n'ụsọ mmiri na pasent 60 n'ụsọ mmiri).
Obodo anyị na-eji isi mmalite ike mmeghari ohuru (dị ka ike ikuku, fotovoltaic, hydropower) maka mmepụta hydrogen mmiri electrolytic, mgbe a na-achịkwa ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na 0.25 yuan / kWh n'okpuru, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta hydrogen nwere arụmọrụ akụ na ụba dịtụ (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Ngosipụta teknụzụ na akụ na ụba nke alkaline electrolysis na mmepụta hydrogen PEM electrolysis ka egosiri na tebụl 1.
E gosipụtara usoro ngụkọ ọnụ nke mmepụta hydrogen electrolytic na nha nha (1) na (2). LCOE = ego a kapịrị ọnụ/(hydrogen mmepụta nke ukwu x ndụ) + ụgwọ ọrụ (1) Ọnụ ọrụ = hydrogen mmepụta ọkụ eletrik x ọnụahịa eletrik + ọnụahịa mmiri + ọnụ ahịa mmezi (2) Inweta alkaline electrolysis na ọrụ electrolysis PEM (1000 Nm3 / h) ) dị ka ihe atụ, were na dum ndụ okirikiri nke oru ngo bụ 20 afọ na-arụ ọrụ ndụ bụ 9 × 104h. Ọnụ ego a na-akwụ ụgwọ nke cell electrolytic ngwugwu, ngwaọrụ nchacha hydrogen, ego ihe onwunwe, ụgwọ ihe owuwu obodo, ụgwọ ọrụ ntinye na ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbakọ na 0.3 yuan / kWh maka electrolysis. Egosiri ntụnyere ọnụ ahịa na Tebụl 2.
E jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ mmepụta hydrogen ndị ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik nke ume ọhụrụ dị ala karịa 0.25 yuan / kWh, ọnụ ahịa hydrogen na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ike ibelata ihe dịka 15 yuan / kg, nke na-amalite inwe uru ọnụ. N'ihe gbasara nnọpụiche carbon, yana mbelata ụgwọ nrụpụta ike mmeghari ume ọhụrụ, nnukwu mmepe nke ọrụ mmepụta hydrogen, mbelata oriri ike cell electrolytic na ego itinye ego, yana nduzi nke ụtụ carbon na amụma ndị ọzọ, okporo ụzọ. Mbelata ọnụ ahịa hydrogen green ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ doo anya. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na mmepụta hydrogen sitere na isi mmalite ike ọdịnala ga-ejikọta ya na ọtụtụ adịghị ọcha ndị metụtara ya dị ka carbon, sọlfọ na chlorine, yana ọnụ ahịa nchacha na CCUS, ọnụahịa mmepụta n'ezie nwere ike karịa 20 yuan / kg.
Oge nzipu: Feb-06-2023