Siliconyog ib qho atomic siv lead ua, uas nws cov atoms txuas nrog rau ib leeg los ntawm covalent bonds, tsim ib qho kev sib txuas network. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv no, covalent bonds ntawm atoms yog heev directional thiab muaj zog daim ntawv cog lus siab, uas ua rau silicon qhia siab hardness thaum tiv thaiv sab nraud quab yuam los hloov nws cov duab. Piv txwv li, nws yuav siv lub zog loj sab nraud los rhuav tshem cov kev sib txuas uas muaj zog ntawm cov atoms.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tseeb vim yog qhov tsis tu ncua thiab cov qauv nruj ntawm nws cov atomic siv lead ua uas thaum nws raug rau lub zog loj los yog tsis sib xws, lub lattice sab hauv.siliconNws yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsis kam thiab disperse lub zog sab nraud los ntawm lub zos deformation, tab sis yuav ua rau covalent bonds tawg raws li ib co tsis muaj zog siv lead ua dav hlau los yog siv lead ua cov lus qhia, uas yuav ua rau tag nrho cov crystal qauv tawg thiab qhia nkig yam ntxwv. Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem xws li cov khoom siv hlau, muaj cov ionic bonds ntawm cov hlau atoms uas tuaj yeem xaub tau zoo, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tso siab rau qhov zawv zawg ntawm cov txheej txheem atomic kom hloov mus rau sab nraud quab yuam, uas qhia tau zoo ductility thiab tsis yooj yim rau tawg.
Siliconatoms txuas nrog covalent bonds. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm covalent bonds yog qhov muaj zog sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib koom electron khub ntawm atoms. Txawm hais tias daim ntawv cog lus no tuaj yeem ua kom ruaj khov thiab tawv tawv ntawm covsiv lead ua siliconqauv, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau covalent daim ntawv cog lus kom rov qab tau thaum nws tawg. Thaum lub zog siv los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud tshaj qhov kev txwv uas covalent daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem tiv taus, daim ntawv cog lus yuav tawg, thiab vim tias tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li kev txav hluav taws xob ywj pheej zoo li hauv cov hlau los pab kho qhov tawg, rov tsim kev sib txuas, lossis cia siab rau lub delocalization ntawm electrons kom disperse qhov kev ntxhov siab, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tawg thiab tsis tuaj yeem tswj tag nrho cov kev ncaj ncees los ntawm nws tus kheej kev hloov kho, ua rau silicon nkig heev.
Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov ntaub ntawv silicon feem ntau nyuaj ua kom ntshiab huv, thiab yuav muaj qee yam impurities thiab lattice defects. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm impurity atoms tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm silicon lattice thaum xub thawj, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg lub zog thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms, uas ua rau cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj zog hauv cov qauv. Lattice defects (xws li qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab dislocations) kuj yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Thaum cov quab yuam sab nraud ua, cov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab cov ntsiab lus muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua yuav ua rau tawg ntawm covalent bonds, ua rau cov khoom siv silicon pib tawg los ntawm cov chaw no, ua rau nws cov brittleness ntau dua. Txawm hais tias nws yog Ameslikas tso siab rau covalent daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov atoms los tsim cov qauv nrog lub hardness siab dua, nws yog ib qho nyuaj kom tsis txhob nkig tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm sab nraud quab yuam.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-10-2024