Zoo siab txais tos rau peb lub vev xaib kom paub cov khoom lag luam thiab kev sib tham.
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Txoj kev ua kom lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg
Txoj kev ua kom lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev npaj cov khoom ntxeem tau los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob txoj kev ua kom muaj zog saum toj no. Feem ntau, kev ua kom tshuaj lom neeg ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej soak cellulose nyob rau hauv 68% ~ 85% H3PO4 tov ntawm 85 ℃ rau 2h, ces carbonized nws nyob rau hauv ib tug muffle rauv rau 4h, thiab ces qhib nws nrog CO2. Qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated tau txais yog siab li 3700m2·g-1. Sim siv sisal fiber ntau li raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ua kom cov activated carbon fiber (ACF) tau los ntawm H3PO4 ua kom ib zaug, rhuab rau 830 ℃ nyob rau hauv N2 tiv thaiv, thiab ces siv dej vapor ua ib tug activator rau theem nrab activation. Qhov tshwj xeeb thaj chaw ntawm ACF tau txais tom qab 60min ntawm kev ua kom tau zoo dua qub.
Characterization ntawm pore qauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm activatedcarbon
Feem ntau siv activated carbon kev ua tau zoo cov yam ntxwv thiab cov lus qhia ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj nyob rau hauv Table 2. Lub pore qauv yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yuav raug kuaj los ntawm ob yam: cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam thiab cov duab tsom xam.
Kev tshawb fawb kev nce qib ntawm pore qauv optimization tshuab ntawm activated carbon
Txawm hais tias cov pa roj carbon activated muaj cov pores nplua nuj thiab thaj chaw loj heev, nws muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws txoj kev xaiv cov khoom siv dav dav thiab cov txheej txheem kev npaj ua tiav, cov khoom tiav feem ntau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm chaotic pore qauv, txawv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, kev faib tawm pore loj, thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab nqaim adaptability nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov txheej txheem, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev ua lag luam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho thiab tswj cov qauv thiab txhim kho nws cov kev siv tau zoo. Feem ntau siv txoj hauv kev rau kev ua kom zoo thiab tswj cov pore qauv muaj xws li kev tswj hwm tshuaj, kev sib xyaw polymer, thiab kev tswj hwm catalytic activation.
Kev tswj cov tshuaj chemical
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thib ob (hloov kho) ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau tom qab ua kom muaj cov tshuaj reagents, eroding tus thawj pores, nthuav cov micropores, los yog ntxiv tsim cov micropores tshiab los ua kom cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb thiab pore qauv ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau hais lus, cov khoom tiav ntawm ib qho kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog immersed nyob rau hauv 0.5 ~ 4 zaug ntawm cov tshuaj tov los tswj cov pore qauv thiab ua kom cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb. Txhua yam ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali daws tuaj yeem siv los ua reagents rau kev ua kom theem nrab.
Acid nto oxidation hloov kho tshuab
Acid deg oxidation kev hloov kho yog ib txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov kua qaub oxidants tuaj yeem ua kom cov pores nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon activated, txhim kho nws qhov pore loj, thiab dredge blocked pores. Tam sim no, kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws feem ntau tsom rau kev hloov kho ntawm inorganic acids. HN03 yog ib qho oxidant uas nquag siv, thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb siv HN03 los hloov cov pa roj carbon activated. Tong Li et al. [28] pom tias HN03 tuaj yeem nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen thiab nitrogen-muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thiab txhim kho cov nyhuv adsorption ntawm mercury.
Hloov kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide HN03, tom qab kev hloov kho, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated poob ntawm 652m2·g-1 txog 241m2·g-1, qhov nruab nrab qhov pore loj tau nce los ntawm 1.27nm rau 1.641nm, thiab lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm benzophenone. nyob rau hauv simulated roj av tau nce 33.7%. Hloov kho ntoo qhib carbon nrog 10% thiab 70% ntim concentration ntawm HN03, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated hloov nrog 10% HN03 nce los ntawm 925.45m2·g-1 txog 960.52m2·g-1; Tom qab kev hloov kho nrog 70% HN03, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw txo qis rau 935.89m2·g-1. Cov kev tshem tawm ntawm Cu2 + los ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated hloov nrog ob qhov ntau ntawm HN03 yog siab dua 70% thiab 90%, feem.
Rau activated carbon siv nyob rau hauv lub adsorption teb, cov nyhuv adsorption nyob ntawm tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub pore qauv tab sis kuj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov adsorbent. Cov qauv pore txiav txim siab txog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab adsorption muaj peev xwm ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, thaum cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg cuam tshuam rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thiab adsorbate. Thaum kawg nws tau pom tias kev hloov kho cov kua qaub ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kho cov qauv pore hauv cov pa roj carbon activated thiab tshem tawm cov pores, tab sis kuj nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm acidic pawg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txhim kho cov polarity thiab hydrophilicity ntawm qhov chaw. . Lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm EDTA los ntawm activated carbon hloov los ntawm HCI tau nce 49.5% piv nrog rau qhov ua ntej kev hloov kho, uas zoo dua li ntawm HNO3 hloov kho.
Hloov ua lag luam activated carbon nrog HNO3 thiab H2O2 feem! Cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb tom qab hloov kho yog 91.3% thiab 80.8% ntawm cov ua ntej hloov kho, feem. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tshiab uas muaj cov pa oxygen xws li carboxyl, carbonyl thiab phenol tau ntxiv rau saum npoo. Lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm nitrobenzene los ntawm HNO3 hloov kho yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, uas yog 3.3 npaug ntawm qhov ua ntej kev hloov kho.Nws pom tau tias qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa oxygen-muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov pa roj carbon activated tom qab hloov cov kua qaub ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm qhov chaw. cov ntsiab lus nquag, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev txhim kho lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm lub hom phiaj adsorbate.
Piv nrog rau cov inorganic acids, muaj ob peb daim ntawv qhia txog cov organic acid hloov kho ntawm activated carbon. Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv cov organic acid ntawm cov pore qauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thiab adsorption ntawm methanol. Tom qab hloov kho, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb thiab tag nrho cov pore ntim ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated poob. Qhov muaj zog acidity, qhov txo qis dua. Tom qab kev hloov kho nrog oxalic acid, tartaric acid thiab citric acid, thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated poob los ntawm 898.59m2·g-1 txog 788.03m2·g-1, 685.16m2·g-1 thiab 622.98m2·g-1 feem. Txawm li cas los xij, microporosity ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated tau nce tom qab hloov kho. Lub microporosity ntawm activated carbon hloov nrog citric acid nce los ntawm 75.9% mus rau 81.5%.
Oxalic acid thiab tartaric acid hloov kho yog qhov zoo rau cov adsorption ntawm methanol, thaum citric acid muaj cov nyhuv inhibitory. Txawm li cas los xij, J.Paul Chen et al. [35] pom tias activated carbon hloov nrog citric acid tuaj yeem txhim kho cov adsorption ntawm tooj liab ions. Lin Tang et al. [36] hloov pauv kev lag luam activated carbon nrog formic acid, oxalic acid thiab aminosulfonic acid. Tom qab hloov kho, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov pore ntim tau raug txo. Oxygen-muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm xws li 0-HC-0, C-0 thiab S = 0 tau tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom tiav, thiab cov kab tsis sib xws thiab cov pob zeb dawb tshwm. Qhov sib npaug adsorption muaj peev xwm ntawm acetone thiab isopropanol kuj nce ntxiv.
Alkaline kua hloov kho tshuab
Qee cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau siv cov tshuaj alkaline los ua cov kev ua haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated. Impregnate homemade thee-based activated carbon nrog Na0H tov ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv los tswj cov qauv pore. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qis dua alkali concentration yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov pore nce thiab nthuav dav. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau ua tiav thaum qhov loj concentration yog 20%. Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw (681m2·g-1) thiab qhov pore ntim (0.5916cm3·g-1). Thaum cov concentration ntawm Na0H ntau tshaj 20%, lub pore qauv ntawm activated carbon raug rhuav tshem thiab cov pore qauv tsis pib. Qhov no yog vim hais tias qhov siab ntawm Na0H cov tshuaj yuav corrode cov pa roj carbon skeleton thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pores yuav vau.
Npaj cov kev ua haujlwm siab ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntau los ntawm kev sib xyaw polymer. Cov precursors yog furfural resin thiab furfuryl cawv, thiab ethylene glycol yog cov pore-forming tus neeg sawv cev. Cov qauv pore tau tswj los ntawm kev kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov polymers, thiab cov khoom ntxeem tau nrog lub pore loj ntawm 0.008 thiab 5 μm tau txais. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias polyurethane-imide zaj duab xis (PUI) tuaj yeem ua carbonized kom tau cov yeeb yaj kiab carbon, thiab cov qauv pore tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev hloov cov qauv molecular ntawm polyurethane (PU) prepolymer [41]. Thaum PUI yog cua sov rau 200 ° C, PU thiab polyimide (PI) yuav raug tsim. Thaum cov cua sov kho kub nce mus txog 400 ° C, PU pyrolysis tsim cov roj, uas ua rau tsim cov pore qauv ntawm PI zaj duab xis. Tom qab carbonization, ib zaj duab xis carbon tau txais. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev sib xyaw polymer kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qee lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv rau qee yam
Catalytic activation tswj technology
Catalytic activation regulation thev naus laus zis yog qhov ua ke ntawm kev ua kom muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov pa roj cua kub ua kom kub. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tshuaj raug ntxiv rau cov khoom siv raw li catalysts, thiab cov catalysts yog siv los pab cov carbonization los yog ua kom cov txheej txheem kom tau cov ntaub ntawv carbon porous. Feem ntau hais lus, hlau feem ntau muaj cov teebmeem catalytic, tab sis cov teebmeem catalytic sib txawv.
Qhov tseeb, feem ntau tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev tswj hwm tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tswj hwm catalytic activation ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau. Qhov no yog vim ob txoj kev ntxiv reagents thaum lub sij hawm carbonization thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem. Lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov reagents no txiav txim siab seb txoj kev twg yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm catalytic activation.
Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom ntxeem tau ntawm nws tus kheej, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg lub zog ntawm cov catalyst, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalytic thiab cov txheej txheem thauj khoom catalyst tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm. Siv cov thee bituminous li raw khoom, Mn(N03)2 thiab Cu(N03)2 li catalysts tuaj yeem npaj cov khoom ntxeem tau uas muaj hlau oxides. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov hlau oxides tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov porosity thiab pore ntim, tab sis cov teebmeem catalytic ntawm cov hlau sib txawv me ntsis txawv. Cu(N03)2 tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm pores nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.5 ~ 2.0nm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau oxides thiab cov ntsev inorganic muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv raw cov hmoov tshauv tseem yuav ua lub luag haujlwm catalytic hauv cov txheej txheem ua kom muaj zog. Xie Qiang et al. [42] ntseeg hais tias cov catalytic activation cov ntsiab lus xws li calcium thiab hlau nyob rau hauv inorganic teeb meem yuav txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pores. Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no siab dhau lawm, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov pores loj hauv cov khoom nce ntxiv.
Xaus
Txawm hais tias cov pa roj carbon activated, uas yog cov khoom siv dav siv ntsuab ntxeem tau cov pa roj carbon ntau, tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej, nws tseem muaj peev xwm txhim kho cov khoom siv raw, txo tus nqi, kev txhim kho zoo, kev txhim kho lub zog, lub neej ntev thiab kev txhim kho lub zog. . Nrhiav cov khoom zoo thiab pheej yig activated carbon raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsim kom huv si thiab npaum activated carbon ntau lawm technology, thiab optimizing thiab regulating lub pore qauv ntawm activated carbon raws li txawv daim ntawv thov teb yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb cov kev taw qhia rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm activated carbon cov khoom thiab txhawb nqa. txoj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm kev lag luam activated carbon.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-27-2024