Ntau thiab ntau lub teb chaws tab tom pib teeb tsa lub hom phiaj rau kev siv hluav taws xob hydrogen, thiab qee qhov kev nqis peev tau ua rau ntsuab hydrogen technology txhim kho. EU thiab Tuam Tshoj yog tus thawj coj txoj kev loj hlob no, tab tom nrhiav rau thawj-mover zoo nyob rau hauv technology thiab infrastructure. Lub caij no, Nyiv, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Fabkis, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Netherlands, New Zealand thiab Australia tau tso tawm cov tswv yim hydrogen zog thiab tsim cov phiaj xwm kev sim txij li xyoo 2017. Nyob rau xyoo 2021, EU tau tshaj tawm cov tswv yim xav tau rau hydrogen zog, thov kom muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo. ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm nyob rau hauv electrolytic hlwb rau 6GW los ntawm 2024 los ntawm kev cia siab rau cua thiab hnub ci zog, thiab mus rau 40GW los ntawm 2030, lub peev xwm ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm hauv EU yuav nce mus rau 40GW los ntawm ib qho ntxiv 40GW sab nraum EU.
Raws li nrog tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, ntsuab hydrogen yog txav los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob mus rau kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam, ua rau cov nqi qis dua thiab nce kev ua tau zoo hauv kev tsim, kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa. Ntsuab hydrogen LCOH muaj peb yam: electrolytic cell nqi, nqi hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab thiab lwm yam nqi khiav lag luam. Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm electrolytic cell account txog li 20% ~ 25% ntawm ntsuab hydrogen LCOH, thiab feem ntau ntawm hluav taws xob (70% ~ 75%). Cov nqi khiav lag luam yog me me, feem ntau tsawg dua 5%.
Thoob ntiaj teb, tus nqi ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab (feem ntau yog cov nqi hluav taws xob hnub ci thiab cua) tau poob qis dua 30 xyoo dhau los, thiab nws cov nqi hluav taws xob sib npaug (LCOE) tam sim no ze rau ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ($ 30-50 / MWh) , ua renewables ntau nqi-kev sib tw yav tom ntej. Cov nqi hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab txuas ntxiv poob los ntawm 10% hauv ib xyoos, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm 2030 tus nqi hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv yuav ncav cuag li $ 20 / MWh. Cov nqi khiav lag luam tsis tuaj yeem txo qis, tab sis cov nqi ntawm cov nqi ntawm tes tuaj yeem txo qis thiab cov nqi kawm zoo sib xws yog xav tau rau cov hlwb xws li hnub ci lossis cua zog.
Hnub ci PV tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab tus nqi ntawm hnub ci PV LCoEs hauv xyoo 2010 yog nyob ib ncig ntawm $ 500 / MWh. Hnub ci PV LCOE tau poob qis txij li xyoo 2010 thiab tam sim no yog $ 30 txog $ 50 / MWh. Muab hais tias electrolytic cell technology zoo ib yam li cov qauv kev lag luam rau hnub ci photovoltaic cell ntau lawm, los ntawm 2020-2030, electrolytic cell technology zoo li yuav ua raws li txoj kev zoo ib yam li hnub ci photovoltaic hlwb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm chav tsev nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, LCOE rau cua tau poob qis heev hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, tab sis los ntawm tus nqi me me (kwv yees li 50 feem pua ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv thiab 60 feem pua ntawm ntug dej).
Peb lub teb chaws siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab (xws li cua fais fab, photovoltaic, hydropower) rau electrolytic dej hydrogen ntau lawm, thaum tus nqi hluav taws xob tswj hauv 0.25 yuan / kWh hauv qab no, hydrogen ntau lawm nqi muaj kwv yees kev lag luam (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Kev ntsuas thiab kev lag luam ntawm alkaline electrolysis thiab PEM electrolysis hydrogen ntau lawm yog qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1.
Txoj kev suav nqi ntawm electrolytic hydrogen ntau lawm yog qhia nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug (1) thiab (2). LCOE = tus nqi ruaj khov / (hydrogen ntau lawm x lub neej) + tus nqi khiav haujlwm (1) Tus nqi khiav haujlwm = hydrogen ntau lawm hluav taws xob siv x hluav taws xob nqi + dej nqi + khoom siv tu nqi (2) Kev siv alkaline electrolysis thiab PEM electrolysis tej yaam num (1000 Nm3 / h ) ua piv txwv, xav tias tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm cov haujlwm yog 20 xyoo thiab lub neej ua haujlwm yog 9 × 104h. Tus nqi ruaj khov ntawm pob electrolytic cell, hydrogen purification ntaus ntawv, nqi khoom, nqi siv pej xeem, nqi kev pab cuam installation thiab lwm yam khoom yog xam ntawm 0.3 yuan / kWh rau electrolysis. Cov nqi sib piv yog qhia hauv Table 2.
Piv nrog rau lwm txoj kev tsim cov hydrogen, yog tias tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab qis dua 0.25 yuan / kWh, tus nqi ntsuab hydrogen tuaj yeem raug txo kom txog li 15 yuan / kg, uas pib muaj tus nqi kom zoo dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon neutrality, nrog txo cov nqi hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, kev loj hlob ntawm hydrogen ntau lawm cov dej num, txo cov electrolytic cell zog noj thiab peev nqi, thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm carbon se thiab lwm yam kev cai, txoj kev. ntawm ntsuab hydrogen nqi txo yuav maj mam meej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov khoom siv hydrogen los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ib txwm siv yuav raug sib xyaw nrog ntau yam impurities xws li carbon, sulfur thiab chlorine, thiab tus nqi ntawm superimposed purification thiab CCUS, tus nqi tsim tawm tiag tiag yuav tshaj 20 yuan / kg.
Post lub sij hawm: Feb-06-2023