ʻO ka semiconductor kahi mea nona ka conductivity uila ma ka lumi wela ma waena o ka mea hoʻokele a me kahi insulator. E like me ka uea keleawe i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ka uea alumini ka mea alakaʻi, a ʻo ka lāʻau he insulator. Mai ka manaʻo o ka conductivity: e pili ana ka semiconductor i kahi conductivity controllable, mai ka insulator a i ka conductor.
I nā lā mua o nā ʻāpana semiconductor, ʻaʻole ke silika ka mea pāʻani nui, ʻo germanium. ʻO ka transistor mua he transistor e pili ana i germanium a ʻo ka chip kaapuni hoʻohui mua he chip germanium.
Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i ka germanium kekahi mau pilikia paʻakikī, e like me ka nui o nā hemahema o ka interface i nā semiconductor, maikaʻi ʻole ka wela, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā oxides. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka germanium kahi mea ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka ʻike i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua he 7 wale nō ʻāpana o ka miliona, a ʻo ka puʻu wale ʻana o ka germanium ore. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka germanium, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana, e hopena i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā kumulāʻau germanium; He mea kakaikahi, he kiʻekiʻe nā kumukūʻai maka, a ʻaʻole kūʻai aku nā transistors germanium ma nā wahi āpau, no laila paʻakikī nā transistors germanium e hoʻohua nui.
No laila, ʻo ka poʻe noiʻi, ua lele ka manaʻo o ka noiʻi i kahi pae, e nānā ana i ke silika. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo nā hemahema congenital a pau o germanium nā mea maikaʻi congenital o ke silika.
1, ʻo ka silika ka lua o ka mea nui loa ma hope o ka oxygen, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka silicon ma ke ʻano, ʻo kāna mau mea maʻamau he silica a me silicates. ʻO Silica kekahi o nā mea nui o ke one. Eia kekahi, hoʻokumu ʻia ka feldspar, granite, quartz a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ma luna o nā pūhui silicon-oxygen.
2. He maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa wela o ke kilika, me ka oxide mau dielectric kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi i kahi interface silicon-silicon oxide me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hemahema.
3. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka silicone oxide i ka wai (ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka germanium oxide i ka wai) a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, ʻo ia wale nō ka ʻenehana paʻi corrosion o nā papa kaapuni paʻi. ʻO ka huahana i hui pū ʻia ke kaʻina hana planar circuit circuit e hoʻomau nei a hiki i kēia lā.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-31-2023