He aha ka hana nukili hydrogen?

Manaʻo nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nuklear i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia no ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen nui, akā me he mea lā ke holomua mālie nei. No laila, he aha ka hana nukili hydrogen?

ʻO ka hana nukili hydrogen, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe nuklea i hui pū ʻia me ke kaʻina hana hydrogen holomua, no ka hana nui o ka hydrogen. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen mai ka ikehu nuklea nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui nui, no laila he hopena koʻikoʻi ia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hydrogen nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Wahi a IAEA, hiki i kahi reactor 250MW liʻiliʻi ke hana i 50 tons hydrogen i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena nuklea kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hana hydrogen i loko o ka ikehu nuklea ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela i hana ʻia e ka nuklea reactor ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu no ka hana hydrogen, a no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hana hydrogen kūpono a me ka nui ma ke koho ʻana i ka ʻenehana kūpono. A hoʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua. Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻikuhi schematic o ka hana hydrogen mai ka ikehu nuklea ma ke kiʻi.

Nui nā ala e hoʻololi ai i ka ikehu nuklea i ka ikehu hydrogen, e like me ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka ma o ka electrolysis, thermochemical cycle, high temperature steam electrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen sulfide e like me nā mea maka e haki ana i ka hana hydrogen, kūlohelohe kino, lanahu, biomass e like me nā mea maka pyrolysis hydrogen. hana, etc. I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ke kaʻina hana hydrogen holoʻokoʻa CO₂, hiki ke hoʻopau maoli i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo; ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hydrogen mai nā kumu ʻē aʻe e hōʻemi wale i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai electrolysis nuklea he hui maʻalahi ia o ka mana nuklea a me ka electrolysis kuʻuna, aia nō ia i ke kahua o ka mana nuklea a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he ʻenehana hana nuklea hydrogen maoli. No laila, ʻo ka pōʻaiapuni thermochemical me ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ka hoʻohana piha ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela nuklea a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela o ka mahu electrolysis i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i ke kuhikuhi o ka ʻenehana hana nuklea hydrogen.

I kēia manawa, ʻelua mau ala nui o ka hana hydrogen i ka ikehu nuklea: electrolytic water hydrogen production and thermochemical hydrogen production. Hāʻawi nā reactor nuklea i ka ikehu uila a me ka ikehu wela no nā ala ʻelua o ka hana hydrogen.

ʻO ka electrolysis o ka wai e hana i ka hydrogen ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu nuklea e hana i ka uila, a laila ma o ka mea electrolytic wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai i hydrogen. ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen e ka wai electrolytic he ʻano hana hana hydrogen pololei, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen o kēia ʻano (55% ~ 60%), ʻoiai inā hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana electrolysis wai SPE kiʻekiʻe loa ma United States, ʻo ka hana electrolytic hoʻonui ʻia i 90%. Akā ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu nuklea i kēia manawa ke hoʻololi wale nei i ka wela i ka uila ma kahi o 35% ka pono, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o ka hana hydrogen mai ka electrolysis wai i ka ikehu nuklea he 30% wale nō.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen thermal-chemical i ka pōʻai wela-kemika, e hoʻopili ana i kahi reactor nuklea me kahi mea hana hydrogen cycle thermal-chemical, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia e ka nuklea reactor ma ke ʻano he kumu wela, i hiki ai i ka wai ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wela ma 800 ℃ i 1000 ℃, i mea e hana ai i ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hana hydrogen wai electrolytic, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻana o ka thermo chemical hydrogen, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pono ma mua o 50%, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa.