ʻO nā seramika kūikawā e pili ana i kahi papa o nā seramika me nā waiwai mechanical, kino a i ʻole kemika, nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka ʻenehana hana pono e ʻokoʻa loa mai nā seramika maʻamau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. E like me nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā seramika kūikawā i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā seramika structural a me nā ceramics hana. Ma waena o lākou, pili nā seramika i nā seramika i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hana ʻenehana, ka mea maʻamau ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke kūpaʻa oxidation, thermal shock resistance a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Nui nā ʻano hana seramika, nā mea maikaʻi a me nā pōʻino, a ʻokoʻa ke kuhikuhi noi ʻana o nā pono a me nā pōʻino, ʻo ia ka "silicon nitride ceramics" ma muli o ke koena o ka hana ma nā ʻano āpau, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka maikaʻi loa o ka hana piha. ka ʻohana ceramics structural, a he ākea loa o nā noi.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā seramika nitride silika
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Silicon nitride (Si3N4) i loko o nā pūhui covalent bond, me [SiN4] 4-tetrahedron ma ke ʻano o ka hui. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kūlana kikoʻī o nā ʻātoma nitrogen a me nā silicon mai ka kiʻi ma lalo nei, aia ke silikoni i waenakonu o ka tetrahedron, a ʻo nā kūlana o nā vertices ʻehā o ka tetrahedron e noho ʻia e nā ʻātoma nitrogen, a laila ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻekolu tetrahedron i hoʻokahi atom, mau. e hoʻonui ana ma kahi ākea ʻekolu. ʻO ka hope, hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pūnaewele. ʻO ka nui o nā waiwai o ka nitride silika e pili ana i kēia ʻano tetrahedral.
ʻEkolu mau hanana crystalline o ka silicon nitride, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana α, β a me γ, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana α a me β nā ʻano maʻamau o ka silicon nitride. Ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o ka nitrogen atoms, silicon nitride ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka paʻakikī ke hiki i HRA91 ~ 93; ʻO ka rigidity thermal maikaʻi, hiki ke kū i ka wela kiʻekiʻe o 1300 ~ 1400 ℃; ʻO ka hopena kemika liʻiliʻi me nā mea kalapona a me nā mea metala ke alakaʻi i ka helu friction haʻahaʻa; He lubricating pono'ī a no laila kū'ē i kaʻaʻahu; He ikaika ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ma waho aʻe o ka waika hydrofluoric, ʻaʻole ia e pane me nā waikona inorganic ʻē aʻe, ke kiʻekiʻe ka wela o ka oxidation kū'ē; Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka lewa a laila ʻaʻole e hina ka hoʻomehana ʻoi; Ke emi nei ka kolo o ka silicon nitride ceramics ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela, a he liʻiliʻi ka deformation plastic lohi ma lalo o ka hana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ukana paʻa.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka silicon nitride ceramics nō hoʻi ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻano kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, nā waiwai uila maikaʻi loa a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, no laila, loaʻa iā ia ka waiwai noi kūikawā i loko o ke kaiapuni koʻikoʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, ka media corrosive ikaika, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hana seramika hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka noi ʻana, a lilo pinepine i koho mua i nā noi he nui e pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-15-2023