Ka pilina ma waena o ka graphite a me ka semiconducto

He pololei ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana he semiconductor ka graphite. i loko o kekahi mau kahua noiʻi palena, nā mea kalapona e like me nā nanotubes kalapona, nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni carbon molecular sieve a me nā kiʻi kalapona e like me ke daimana (ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he mau waiwai semiconductor koʻikoʻi ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana)mea graphite, akā, ʻokoʻa loa ko lākou microstructure mai ke ʻano graphite layered maʻamau.

I loko o ka graphite, he ʻehā mau electrons ma ka papa o waho loa o nā kalapona kalapona, ʻekolu o ia mau mea i hoʻopaʻa covalent me nā electrons o nā kalapona kalapona ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kalapona ʻekolu mau electrons e hana ai i nā mea paʻa covalent, a ʻo ke koena i kapa ʻia ʻo π electrons. . 'O kēia mau π electrons e ne'e like 'ole ma ke ākea ma waena o nā papa, a 'o ka conductivity o ka graphite e hilina'i nui 'ia ma luna o kēia π electrons. Ma o nā hana kemika, ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ke kalapona i loko o ka graphite i mea paʻa, e like me ka carbon dioxide, nāwaliwali ka conductivity. Inā oxidized ka graphite, e hana kēia mau electrons π i nā mea hoʻopaʻa covalent me nā electrons o nā ʻātoma oxygen, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke neʻe hou, a e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka conductivity. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo Conductive omea alakai graphite.

ʻO ka ʻoihana semiconductor ka mea nui i hoʻohui ʻia i nā kaʻa i hoʻohui ʻia, optoelectronics, separator a me nā sensor. Pono nā mea semiconductor hou e hahai i nā kānāwai he nui e hoʻololi i nā mea silika kuʻuna a lanakila i ka mākeke. ʻO ka hopena Photoelectric a me Hall effect nā kānāwai koʻikoʻi ʻelua i kēia lā. Ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hopena quantum Hall o ka graphene ma ka lumi wela a ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻopuehu hou ka graphene ma hope o ka hālāwai ʻana i nā mea haumia, e hōʻike ana he super conductive properties. Loaʻa i ka Graphene nā waiwai optical maikaʻi loa a e loli me kona mānoanoa. He kūpono ia no ka noi ʻana ma ke kahua o ka optoelectronics. He nui nā waiwai maikaʻi o Graphene a e hoʻohana ʻia i nā kahua he nui, e like me ka pale hōʻike, capacitor, sensor a pēlā aku.