Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolytic water hydrogen production technology progress and economic analysis

I ka makahiki 1966, ua hoʻokumu ʻo General Electric Company i ka wai electrolytic cell e pili ana i ka manaʻo conduction proton, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka membrane polymer e like me ka electrolyte. Ua kūʻai ʻia nā cell PEM e General Electric i ka makahiki 1978. I kēia manawa, hoʻopuka ka hui i nā mea liʻiliʻi PEM, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana hydrogen, pōkole ke ola a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. He ʻano bipolar ko ke kelepona PEM, a ua hana ʻia nā pilina uila ma waena o nā kelepona ma o nā papa bipolar, kahi mea nui i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kinoea i hana ʻia. Hoʻokumu ka anode, cathode, a me ka hui membrane i ka hui electrode membrane (MEA). Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ka electrode i nā metala makamae e like me ka platinum a iridium paha. Ma ka anode, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wai e hana i ka oxygen, nā electrons a me nā protons. Ma ka cathode, ka oxygen, nā electrons a me nā protons i hana ʻia e ka anode e kaapuni ma o ka membrane i ka cathode, kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai lākou e hana i ke kinoea hydrogen. Hōʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka PEM electrolyzer ma ke kiʻi.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā cell electrolytic PEM no ka hana hydrogen liʻiliʻi, me ka hana hydrogen kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 30Nm3/h a me ka hoʻohana mana o 174kW. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cell alkaline, ʻo ka nui o ka hana hydrogen maoli o ka cell PEM kokoke e uhi i ka pae palena holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka pūnaewele PEM ke hana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa ma mua o ka cell alkaline, a hiki i ka 1.6A/cm2, a ʻo ka pono electrolytic he 48% -65%. No ka mea ʻaʻole kūpaʻa ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni polymer i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka mahana o ka cell electrolytic ma lalo o 80 ° C. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Hoeller electrolyzer i kahi ʻenehana ʻili kelepona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no nā mea electrolyzer PEM liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke hoʻolālāʻia nā pūnaewele e like me nā koi, e ho'ēmi i ka nui o nā metala makamae a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kaomi hana. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o PEM electrolyzer ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hana hydrogen kokoke i ka manawa like me ka ikehu i hāʻawi ʻia, kūpono ia no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka koi hydrogen. Pane nā pūnaewele Hoeller i 0-100% hoʻololi helu hoʻouka i kekona. Ke hele nei ka ʻenehana patent a Hoeller i nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia, a e kūkulu ʻia ka hale hoʻāʻo ma ka hopena o 2020.

ʻO ka maʻemaʻe o ka hydrogen i hanaʻia e nā pūnaewele PEM hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i ka 99.99%,ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā pūnaewele alkaline. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ka membrane polymer e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i nā hui pū ahi, e ʻae ana i ka electrolyzer e hana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. Pono ka conductivity o ka wai i hoʻolako ʻia i ka electrolyzer ma lalo o 1S/cm. Ma muli o ka pane koke ʻana o ka lawe proton ma waena o ka membrane polymer i ka loli ʻana o ka mana, hiki i nā cell PEM ke hana i nā ʻano mana lako like ʻole. ʻOiai ua kūʻai ʻia ke kelepona PEM, aia kekahi mau hemahema, ʻo ka nui o ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kiʻekiʻe a me ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka membrane a me nā electrodes metala makamae. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola lawelawe o nā cell PEM ma mua o nā cell alkaline. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka hiki o ka cell PEM e hana i ka hydrogen.