Hoʻopau piha ʻia ke kaʻina ulu o ka silikon monocrystalline i ka māla wela. ʻO kahi kahua wela maikaʻi e kūpono i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā kristal a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka crystallization kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ke kahua wela e hoʻoholo nui i nā hoʻololi i nā gradients wela i loko o ke kahua wela hoʻoikaika a me ke kahe o ke kinoea i loko o ke keʻena umu. ʻO kaʻokoʻa o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ke kahua wela e hoʻoholo pololei i ke ola lawelawe o ke kahua wela. ʻAʻole paʻakikī wale ka māla wela kūpono ʻole e ulu i nā kristal e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ulu i ka monocrystalline piha ma lalo o kekahi mau koi kaʻina. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai ka ʻoihana silika monocrystalline huki pololei i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana nui loa a hoʻopukapuka nui i nā manpower a me nā waiwai waiwai i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana wela i nā ʻano mea kahua wela. Hoʻopuka pōkole wale mākou i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahua wela. E pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wela ma ke kahua wela a me kona hopena i ka huki aniani, ʻaʻole mākou e loiloi ma aneʻi. ʻO ka mea wela wela e pili ana i ke ʻano a me ka ʻāpana insulation wela i loko o ke keʻena umu ahi o ka ulu ʻana o ke aniani, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka puʻu wela kūpono a puni ka semiconductor melt a me ke aniani.
1. Mea hoʻolālā kahua wela
ʻO ka mea kākoʻo kumu no ke ʻano huki pololei e ulu ai i ke silika monocrystalline he graphite maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea graphite i ka ʻoihana hou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kūkulu hale wela e like menā mea hoʻomehana, paipu alakai, nā kīʻaha, nā paipu insulation, crucible trays, etc. i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka silicon monocrystalline ma ke ʻano Czochralski.
Nā mea graphiteua kohoʻia no ka mea maʻalahi lākou e hoʻomākaukau i nā puke nui, hiki ke hanaʻia a kū'ē i nā mahana wela. ʻO ke kalapona ma ke ʻano o ke daimana a i ʻole ka graphite ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu heheʻe ma mua o kekahi mea a i ʻole hui. He ikaika loa nā mea graphite, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a maikaʻi hoʻi kā lākou uila a me ka wela. ʻO kāna conductivity uila e kūpono ia e like me amea hoʻomehanamea waiwai. Loaʻa iā ia ka coefficient thermal conductivity maikaʻi, e hiki ai i ka wela i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻomehana ke hoʻohele like ʻia i ka crucible a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kahua wela. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoili wela nui ka radiation.
Hana ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite me nā ʻāpana kalapona maikaʻi i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea hoʻopili a hana ʻia e ka extrusion a i ʻole ke kaomi isostatic. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana graphite kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili mua ʻia ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa a laila kiʻi ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa, kokoke i 3000°C. ʻO nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia mai kēia mau ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia i loko o kahi ea i loko o ka chlorine i nā wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻino metala e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ʻoihana semiconductor. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohaumia metala ma mua o ka mea i ʻae ʻia no nā mea monocrystalline silicon. No laila, pono e mālama ʻia i ka hoʻolālā kahua wela e pale aku i ka haumia o kēia mau ʻāpana mai ke komo ʻana i ka ʻili hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole ke aniani.
Hiki ke paʻa iki nā mea graphite, kahi e maʻalahi ai ke koena metala o loko e hiki i ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, hiki ke komo i loko o ka hapa nui o nā mea waiwai a me ka hana ʻana o ka silicon monoxide i loko o ke kinoea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a puni ka graphite.
Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kilikaka monocrystalline mua me nā metala refractory e like me tungsten a me molybdenum. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana graphite, ua paʻa nā waiwai uila o ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana graphite, a ua hoʻololi piha nā mea hoʻoheheʻe silicon monocrystalline i ka tungsten, molybdenum a me nā mea wela ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea graphite i hoʻohana nui ʻia he graphite isostatic. ʻO ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau graphite isostatic o koʻu ʻāina ʻoi aku ka hope, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea graphite i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana photovoltaic home e lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē. ʻO nā mea hana graphite isostatic ʻē aʻe ka nui o Germany's SGL, Japan Tokai Carbon, Japan's Toyo Tanso, etc. nā papa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā composites carbon/carbon (C/C) he carbon fiber reinforced carbon-based composites me kahi ʻano o nā waiwai maikaʻi e like me ka ikaika kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, modulus kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻonui haʻahaʻa, conductivity uila maikaʻi, kiʻekiʻe haʻihaʻi paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa kikoʻī haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i ka aerospace, racing, biomaterials a me nā māla ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā bottlenecks koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻia e nā hui C / C home ke kumu kūʻai a me nā pilikia ʻoihana.
Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā māla wela. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka carbon fiber; akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi a loaʻa nā koi ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻolālā.Silika kalapona (SiC)ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka graphite ma nā ʻano he nui, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau i nā ʻāpana nui. Eia naʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo SiC ma ke ʻano heKa uhi CVDe hoʻonui i ke ola o nā ʻāpana graphite i hōʻike ʻia i ke kinoea silicon monoxide corrosive, a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana mai ka graphite. ʻO ka uhi ʻana o ka carbide silicon CVD paʻa e pale pono i nā mea haumia i loko o ka microporous graphite material mai ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻili.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe he kalapona CVD, hiki ke hana i kahi papa paʻa ma luna o ka ʻāpana graphite. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka wela wela, e like me ka molybdenum a i ʻole nā mea seramika i hiki ke noho pū me ke kaiapuni, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻohaumia i ka heheʻe. Eia nō naʻe, kaupalena ʻia nā seramika oxide i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea graphite i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, a he liʻiliʻi nā koho ʻē aʻe inā makemake ʻia ka insulation. ʻO kekahi he hexagonal boron nitride (i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he graphite keʻokeʻo ma muli o nā waiwai like), akā ʻilihune nā waiwai mechanical. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka Molybdenum no nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kona kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā kristal silika, a me kahi coefficient hoʻokaʻawale haʻahaʻa loa ma kahi o 5 × 108, e hiki ai i kahi nui o ka molybdenum contamination ma mua o ka luku ʻana i ka hale aniani.
2. Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela
ʻO ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka carbon feel i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana ʻia ke kalapona me nā fiber lahilahi, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he insulation no ka mea ua pāpā lākou i ka radiation thermal i nā manawa he nui ma kahi mamao. Ua ulana ʻia ke kalapona palupalu i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana lahilahi, a laila ʻoki ʻia i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kahi radius kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻala i hoʻōla ʻia me nā mea fiber like, a ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hoʻopaʻa kalapona e hoʻohui i nā fiber i hoʻopuehu ʻia i kahi mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu kemika o ke kalapona ma kahi o kahi mea hoʻopaʻa hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o waho o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa insulation thermal me kahi uhi graphite mau a i ʻole foil e hōʻemi i ka ʻinoʻino a me ka ʻaʻahu a me ka palaka. Loaʻa pū kekahi ʻano mea hoʻokalakupua wela e like me ke kalapona. Ma keʻano laulā, makemake ʻia nā mea graphitized no ka mea e hōʻemi nui ka graphitization i ka ʻili o ka fiber. Hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia mau mea kiʻekiʻe i luna, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa e paʻi ai i ka umu i kahi ʻūhā kūpono. ʻO kekahi mea ʻo C/C composite material, nona nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi e like me ke kaumaha māmā, ka hoʻomanawanui ʻino kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā māla wela e hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana graphite e hōʻemi nui i ka pinepine o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana graphite, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi monocrystalline a me ka paʻa hana.
E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kalapona i ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt, viscose-based carbon felt, a me ka pitch-based carbon felt.
He nui ka lehu i loko o ka polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, lilo ka fiber hoʻokahi i palupalu. I ka wā o ka hana, maʻalahi ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lepo e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni umu. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka fiber ke komo maʻalahi i nā pores a me ka ʻōpū hanu o ke kino o ke kanaka, he mea pōʻino i ke olakino kanaka. ʻO ka manaʻo kalapona i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Viscose he hana hoʻokalakupua wela maikaʻi. He palupalu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lepo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka fiber maka viscose, a he nui nā grooves ma ka ʻili fiber. He mea maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā kinoea e like me C02 ma lalo o ka lewa oxidizing o ka CZ silicon furnace, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ua o ka oxygen a me nā mea kalapona i loko o ka mea silika monocrystalline. ʻO nā mea hana nui ka German SGL a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana semiconductor monocrystalline ʻo ia ka pitch-based carbon felt, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation thermal ma mua o ka viscose-based carbon felt, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka lepo ma lalo o ka pitch-based carbon. Aia nā mea hana i nā Kureha Chemical a me Osaka Gas.
No ka mea, ʻaʻole paʻa ke ʻano o ka manaʻo kalapona, paʻakikī ke hana. I kēia manawa ua hoʻomohala nā hui he nui i kahi mea hoʻolale wela hou e pili ana i ka carbon felt-cured carbon felt. ʻO ka manaʻo kalapona i hoʻōla ʻia, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka manaʻo paʻakikī, he kalapona i manaʻo ʻia me kahi ʻano a me ka waiwai paʻa ponoʻī ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana me ka resin, laminated, hoʻōla a carbonized.
Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o ka silicon monocrystalline e ke kaiapuni wela, a ʻo ka carbon fiber thermal insulation material ke kuleana nui i kēia kaiapuni. Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka carbon fiber thermal insulation soft i ka ʻoihana photovoltaic semiconductor ma muli o kona uku kumukūʻai, hopena insulation thermal maikaʻi loa, hoʻolālā maʻalahi a me ke ʻano maʻamau. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka carbon fiber hard thermal insulation e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke waiwai ma muli o kona ikaika a me ka operability kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kahua o nā mea insulation thermal, a hoʻomau mau i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka huahana e hāpai i ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana semiconductor photovoltaic.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-12-2024