Semiconductor wani abu ne wanda ƙarfin wutar lantarki a zafin daki yake tsakanin na madugu da insulator. Kamar waya ta tagulla a rayuwar yau da kullum, waya ta aluminum ita ce madugu, kuma roba ita ce insulator. Daga ra'ayi na conductivity: semiconductor yana nufin abin da za a iya sarrafa shi, kama daga insulator zuwa jagora.
A farkon kwanakin semiconductor kwakwalwan kwamfuta, silicon ba shine babban ɗan wasa ba, germanium shine. Na farko transistor shine transistor tushen germanium kuma guntun da'ira na farko shine guntu na germanium.
Duk da haka, germanium yana da wasu matsaloli masu wuyar gaske, kamar yawancin lahani na mu'amala a cikin semiconductor, rashin kwanciyar hankali na yanayin zafi, da ƙarancin ƙarancin oxides. Haka kuma, germanium wani abu ne da ba kasafai ba, abun da ke cikin ɓawon burodin duniya kashi 7 ne kawai a cikin miliyan ɗaya, kuma rarraba takin germanium shima ya tarwatse sosai. Daidai ne saboda germanium yana da wuyar gaske, rarrabawar ba ta da hankali, yana haifar da tsadar albarkatun germanium; Abubuwa ba safai ba ne, farashin albarkatun ƙasa suna da yawa, kuma transistor germanium ba su da arha a ko'ina, don haka transistor na germanium yana da wahalar samar da yawa.
Don haka, masu binciken, mayar da hankali kan binciken ya tashi matakin daya, suna kallon silicon. Ana iya cewa duk gazawar germanium na haihuwa shine fa'idodin silicon.
1, Silicone shine kashi na biyu mafi yawa bayan oxygen, amma ba za ku iya samun silicon a cikin yanayi ba, yawancin mahadi na silica da silicates. Silica yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan yashi. Bugu da ƙari, feldspar, granite, quartz da sauran mahadi suna dogara ne akan mahadi na silicon-oxygen.
2. Thermal kwanciyar hankali na silicon ne mai kyau, tare da m, high dielectric m oxide, iya shirya wani silicon-silicon oxide dubawa da 'yan dubawa lahani.
3. Silicon oxide ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa (germanium oxide ba shi da narkewa a cikin ruwa) kuma ba zai iya narkewa a cikin mafi yawan acid, wanda shine kawai fasahar buga bugu na allunan kewayawa. Haɗin samfurin shine tsarin tsarin kewayawa wanda ke ci gaba har yau.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-31-2023