Menene ka'idar abin hawa cell man fetur?

Tantanin mai nau'in na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ce, wacce ke juyar da makamashin sinadarai a cikin man zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar redox amsawar iskar oxygen ko wasu oxidants. Mafi na kowa man fetur shi ne hydrogen, wanda za a iya fahimta a matsayin mayar da martani na ruwa electrolysis zuwa hydrogen da oxygen.

Ba kamar roka ba, tantanin mai na hydrogen ba ya samar da kuzarin motsa jiki ta hanyar tashin hankali na konewar hydrogen da iskar oxygen, amma yana sakin makamashin Gibbs kyauta a cikin hydrogen ta hanyar na'urar motsa jiki. Ka'idar aikinsa ita ce hydrogen yana bazuwa zuwa electrons da hydrogen ions (protons) ta hanyar mai kara kuzari (yawanci platinum) a cikin ingantacciyar wutar lantarki ta kwayar mai. Protons suna kaiwa ga mummunan lantarki ta hanyar musayar proton kuma suna amsawa tare da iskar oxygen don samar da ruwa da zafi. Madaidaitan electrons suna gudana daga ingantacciyar wutar lantarki zuwa na'urar da ba ta dace ba ta cikin kewayen waje don samar da makamashin lantarki. Ba shi da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi na kusan 40% don injin mai, kuma ingancin tantanin mai na hydrogen zai iya kaiwa sama da 60%.

Tun a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an san makamashin hydrogen a matsayin "nau'i na ƙarshe" na sababbin motocin makamashi ta hanyar fa'idarsa na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, makamashi mai sabuntawa, hydrogenation mai sauri, cikakken kewayon da sauransu. Duk da haka, ka'idar fasaha ta kwayar man fetur ta hydrogen cikakke ne, amma ci gaban masana'antu yana da koma baya sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen haɓakarsa shine sarrafa farashi. Wannan ya haɗa da ba kawai farashin abin hawa kanta ba, har ma da farashin samar da hydrogen da adanawa.

Haɓaka motocin haƙoran haƙoran haƙori ya dogara ne akan gina abubuwan samar da iskar hydrogen kamar samar da hydrogen, ajiyar hydrogen, jigilar hydrogen da hydrogenation. Ba kamar trams masu tsabta ba, waɗanda za a iya cajin su a hankali a gida ko a cikin kamfani, motocin hydrogen za a iya cajin su kawai a tashar hydrogenation, don haka buƙatar cajin tashar ya fi gaggawa. Ba tare da cikakkiyar hanyar sadarwa ta hydrogenation ba, ci gaban masana'antar abin hawa hydrogen ba zai yiwu ba.