Menene samar da hydrogen na nukiliya?

Ana ɗaukar samar da hydrogen na nukiliya a matsayin hanyar da aka fi so don samar da hydrogen mai girma, amma da alama yana ci gaba a hankali. To, menene samar da hydrogen na nukiliya?

Samar da hydrogen na nukiliya, wato, makamashin nukiliya tare da ingantaccen tsarin samar da hydrogen, don yawan samar da hydrogen. Samar da sinadarin hydrogen daga makamashin nukiliya yana da fa'ida daga babu iskar gas, ruwa a matsayin ɗanyen abu, inganci mai girma da babban sikelin, don haka yana da mahimmancin bayani ga samar da hydrogen mai girma a nan gaba. Bisa kididdigar da hukumar ta IAEA ta yi, wani karamin makamashi mai karfin megawatt 250 zai iya samar da ton 50 na hydrogen a kowace rana ta hanyar amfani da yanayin zafi mai zafi.

Ka'idar samar da hydrogen a cikin makamashin nukiliya ita ce amfani da zafin da ke haifar da makamashin nukiliya a matsayin tushen makamashi don samar da hydrogen, da kuma fahimtar samar da hydrogen mai inganci da girma ta hanyar zabar fasahar da ta dace. Kuma rage ko ma kawar da hayakin iskar gas. An nuna zane-zane na samar da hydrogen daga makamashin nukiliya a cikin adadi.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don canza makamashin nukiliya zuwa makamashin hydrogen, ciki har da ruwa a matsayin albarkatun kasa ta hanyar electrolysis, zagayowar thermochemical, babban zafin jiki na tururi electrolysis samar da hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide kamar yadda albarkatun kasa fatattaka hydrogen samar, na halitta gas, kwal, biomass matsayin albarkatun kasa pyrolysis hydrogen. samarwa, da dai sauransu Lokacin amfani da ruwa a matsayin albarkatun kasa, duk tsarin samar da hydrogen ba ya samar da CO₂, wanda zai iya kawar da hayakin iskar gas; Samar da hydrogen daga wasu tushe kawai yana rage fitar da iskar carbon. Bugu da kari, yin amfani da ruwan makamashin nukiliya wani nau'i ne mai sauki na samar da makamashin nukiliya da kuma na'urorin lantarki na gargajiya, wanda har yanzu yana cikin fagen samar da makamashin nukiliya kuma gaba daya ba a daukarsa a matsayin fasahar samar da hydrogen ta gaskiya. Saboda haka, da thermochemical sake zagayowar da ruwa a matsayin albarkatun kasa, cikakken ko m amfani da makaman nukiliya zafi da kuma high zafin jiki tururi electrolysis ana daukar su wakiltar makomar gaba na nukiliya hydrogen samar da fasaha.

A halin yanzu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da hydrogen a cikin makamashin nukiliya: samar da ruwa na ruwa na electrolytic da samar da hydrogen na thermochemical. Makamai na nukiliya suna samar da makamashin lantarki da makamashin zafi bi da bi don hanyoyin samar da hydrogen guda biyu na sama.

Electrolysis na ruwa don samar da hydrogen shine amfani da makamashin nukiliya don samar da wutar lantarki, sannan ta hanyar na'urar lantarki ta ruwa don lalata ruwa zuwa hydrogen. Samar da sinadarin hydrogen ta hanyar ruwan electrolytic hanya ce ta samar da hydrogen kai tsaye, amma ingancin samar da hydrogen na wannan hanyar (55% ~ 60%) yana da ƙasa, koda kuwa an karɓi fasahar lantarki ta SPE mafi ci gaba a cikin Amurka, ƙimar wutar lantarki. ya karu zuwa 90%. Amma tun da yawancin cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya a halin yanzu suna canza zafi zuwa wutar lantarki a kusan kashi 35% na inganci, ƙimar ƙarshe na samar da hydrogen daga lantarki ta ruwa a cikin makamashin nukiliya shine kawai 30%.

Samar da sinadarin hydrogen na thermal-chemical yana dogara ne akan zagayowar sinadarai na thermal-chemical, yana haɗa na'urar sarrafa makamashin nukiliya tare da na'urar samar da sinadarai na thermal-chemical, ta yin amfani da babban zafin jiki da injin nukiliya ya samar a matsayin tushen zafi, ta yadda ruwa ke haifar da bazuwar thermal a 800 ℃. zuwa 1000 ℃, don samar da hydrogen da oxygen. Idan aka kwatanta da samar da hydrogen na ruwa na electrolytic, ingancin samar da sinadarin hydrogen sinadaran thermo ya fi girma, ana sa ran jimlar ingancin ya kai fiye da 50%, farashin yana da ƙasa.