Proton musayar membrane (PEM) electrolytic ruwa hydrogen samar da fasahar ci gaba da tattalin arziki bincike

A cikin 1966, Kamfanin General Electric ya haɓaka tantanin halitta na ruwa bisa ga ra'ayin tafiyar da proton, ta amfani da membrane polymer azaman electrolyte. Kwayoyin PEM sune General Electric suka sayar da su a cikin 1978. A halin yanzu, kamfanin yana samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin PEM, musamman saboda ƙarancin samar da hydrogen, ɗan gajeren rayuwa da kuma tsadar jari. Tantanin halitta na PEM yana da tsarin bipolar, kuma haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin sel ana yin su ta hanyar faranti na bipolar, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da iskar gas da ake samarwa. A anode, cathode, da membrane kungiyar samar da membrane lantarki taro (MEA). Wutar lantarki yawanci tana ƙunshi ƙarfe masu daraja kamar platinum ko iridium. A anode, ruwa yana oxidized don samar da oxygen, electrons da protons. A cathode, oxygen, electrons da protons da anode ke samarwa suna yaduwa ta cikin membrane zuwa cathode, inda aka rage su don samar da iskar hydrogen. An nuna ka'idar PEM electrolyzer a cikin adadi.

Yawanci ana amfani da sel electrolytic PEM don samar da ƙaramin hydrogen, tare da matsakaicin samar da hydrogen na kusan 30Nm3/h da ƙarfin ƙarfin 174kW. Idan aka kwatanta da tantanin halitta, ainihin adadin samar da hydrogen na tantanin halitta PEM kusan ya rufe iyakar iyaka. Tantanin halitta na PEM na iya aiki a mafi girma na halin yanzu fiye da tantanin alkaline, har zuwa 1.6A/cm2, kuma ingancin electrolytic shine 48% -65%. Saboda fim ɗin polymer ba ya jure wa zafin jiki mai zafi, yawan zafin jiki na tantanin halitta yana ƙasa da 80 ° C. Hoeller electrolyzer ya haɓaka ingantacciyar fasahar saman salula don ƙananan masu amfani da lantarki na PEM. Za a iya tsara sel bisa ga buƙatun, rage adadin karafa masu daraja da ƙara matsa lamba na aiki. Babban fa'idar PEM electrolyzer shine cewa samar da hydrogen yana canzawa kusan tare da makamashin da ake bayarwa, wanda ya dace da canjin buƙatun hydrogen. Kwayoyin Hoeller suna amsa 0-100% canje-canje na ƙimar lodi a cikin daƙiƙa. Fasahar haƙƙin mallaka na Hoeller tana fuskantar gwaje-gwajen tabbatarwa, kuma za a gina wurin gwajin a ƙarshen 2020.

Tsaftar hydrogen da sel PEM ke samarwa zai iya kaiwa 99.99%, wanda ya fi na sel alkaline. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin ƙarancin iskar gas na membran polymer yana rage haɗarin samar da gauraye masu ƙonewa, ƙyale mai amfani da wutar lantarki ya yi aiki a ƙananan ƙarancin halin yanzu. Matsakaicin ruwan da aka kawo wa na'urar lantarki dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1S/cm. Saboda jigilar proton a cikin membrane na polymer yana amsawa da sauri ga jujjuyawar wutar lantarki, ƙwayoyin PEM na iya aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban na samar da wutar lantarki. Ko da yake an yi siyar da tantanin halitta na PEM, yana da wasu lahani, galibi tsadar saka hannun jari da tsadar duka membrane da na'urorin lantarki masu daraja. Bugu da ƙari, rayuwar sabis na ƙwayoyin PEM ya fi guntu fiye da na kwayoyin alkaline. A nan gaba, ana buƙatar haɓaka ƙarfin ƙwayoyin PEM don samar da hydrogen.