Ƙasashe da yawa sun fara tsara dabarun buƙatun makamashin hydrogen, kuma wasu saka hannun jari suna kula da haɓaka fasahar fasahar hydrogen. EU da China ne ke jagorantar wannan ci gaba, suna neman fa'ida ta farko a fannin fasaha da ababen more rayuwa. A halin yanzu, Japan, Koriya ta Kudu, Faransa, Jamus, Netherlands, New Zealand da Ostiraliya duk sun fitar da dabarun makamashin hydrogen tare da haɓaka shirye-shiryen matukin jirgi tun daga 2017. A cikin 2021, EU ta ba da dabarun da ake buƙata don makamashin hydrogen, suna ba da shawarar haɓaka ƙarfin aiki. na samar da hydrogen a cikin sel electrolytic zuwa 6GW ta 2024 ta hanyar dogaro da iska da makamashin hasken rana, kuma zuwa 40GW nan da 2030, karfin samar da hydrogen a cikin EU zai yi. a ƙara zuwa 40GW ta ƙarin 40GW a wajen EU.
Kamar yadda yake tare da duk sabbin fasahohi, koren hydrogen yana motsawa daga bincike na farko da haɓakawa zuwa ci gaban masana'antu na yau da kullun, yana haifar da ƙarancin farashi da haɓaka haɓakar ƙira, gini da shigarwa. Green hydrogen LCOH ya ƙunshi sassa uku: farashin sel electrolytic, farashin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa da sauran farashin aiki. Gabaɗaya, farashin sel electrolytic ya kai kusan 20% ~ 25% na koren hydrogen LCOH, kuma mafi girman kaso na wutar lantarki (70% ~ 75%). Kudin aiki kadan ne, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 5%.
Bangaren kasa da kasa, farashin makamashin da ake sabuntawa (mafi yawan amfani da hasken rana da iska) ya ragu sosai cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, kuma daidaiton farashin makamashinsa (LCOE) yanzu yana kusa da na wutar lantarki ($30-50/MWh) , Yin sabunta abubuwan da za a iya sabuntawa sun fi tsada-gasa a nan gaba. Farashin makamashi mai sabuntawa yana ci gaba da faɗuwa da kashi 10% a shekara, kuma nan da shekara ta 2030 farashin makamashi mai sabuntawa zai kai kusan $20/MWh. Ba za a iya rage farashin aiki da yawa ba, amma ana iya rage farashin rukunin tantanin halitta kuma ana sa ran tsarin farashin koyo makamancin haka ga sel kamar na hasken rana ko iska.
An haɓaka PV Solar a cikin 1970s kuma farashin PV LCoEs na hasken rana a cikin 2010 ya kusan $500 /MWh. Solar PV LCOE ya ragu sosai tun 2010 kuma a halin yanzu yana da $30 zuwa $50/MWh. Ganin cewa fasahar tantanin halitta ta electrolytic ta yi kama da ma'aunin masana'antu don samar da kwayar halitta ta hasken rana, daga 2020-2030, fasahar kwayar halitta mai yuwuwa ta bi irin wannan yanayin kamar sel photovoltaic na hasken rana dangane da farashin raka'a. A lokaci guda, LCOE don iska ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, amma da ƙaramin adadin (kimanin kashi 50 cikin 100 na teku da kashi 60 cikin 100 a bakin teku).
Kasarmu tana amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa (kamar wutar lantarki, photovoltaic, wutar lantarki) don samar da ruwa na ruwa na lantarki, lokacin da ake sarrafa farashin wutar lantarki a yuan 0.25 / kWh a ƙasa, farashin samar da hydrogen yana da ingancin tattalin arziƙi (15.3 ~ 20.9 yuan / kg) . Ana nuna alamun fasaha da tattalin arziki na alkaline electrolysis da samar da hydrogen na PEM electrolysis a cikin Table 1.
Hanyar lissafin farashi na samar da hydrogen electrolytic ana nunawa a cikin ma'auni (1) da (2). LCOE = ƙayyadaddun farashi / (yawan samar da hydrogen x rayuwa) + farashin aiki (1) Farashin aiki = samar da hydrogen samar da wutar lantarki x farashin wutar lantarki + farashin ruwa + farashin kayan aiki (2) ɗaukar alkaline electrolysis da ayyukan lantarki na PEM (1000 Nm3 / h) ) a matsayin misali, ɗauka cewa duk rayuwar rayuwar ayyukan shine shekaru 20 kuma rayuwar aiki shine 9 × 104h. Matsakaicin farashin fakitin sel electrolytic, na'urar tsarkakewa ta hydrogen, kuɗin kayan, kuɗin ginin farar hula, kuɗin sabis na shigarwa da sauran abubuwa ana ƙididdige su a 0.3 yuan / kWh don electrolysis. Ana nuna kwatancen farashi a cikin Tebur 2.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin samar da hydrogen, idan farashin wutar lantarki na makamashin da ake sabuntawa ya yi ƙasa da yuan / kWh 0.25, ana iya rage farashin koren hydrogen zuwa kusan yuan 15 / kg, wanda zai fara samun fa'ida. A cikin mahallin tsaka tsaki na carbon, tare da raguwar farashin samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa, babban ci gaba na ayyukan samar da hydrogen, rage yawan amfani da makamashin cell electrolytic da farashin zuba jari, da jagorancin harajin carbon da sauran manufofi, hanya. na kore hydrogen rage farashin zai zama a hankali a bayyane. A lokaci guda kuma, saboda samar da hydrogen daga tushen makamashi na gargajiya za a gauraye shi da datti masu alaƙa da yawa kamar carbon, sulfur da chlorine, da kuma farashin tsarkakewa da CCUS, ainihin farashin samarwa na iya wuce yuan 20 / kg.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-06-2023